• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.307-313
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• 2014

In May 2013, an angel's trumpet leaves showing mosaic and malformation symptoms were collected from Suwon city, Gyeonggi-do. An analysis of the collected sample by transmission electron microscopy observation showed filamentous rod particles of 720-800 nm in length. On the basis of the these observations, we performed PCR against three reported Potyviruses (Brugmansia mosaic virus, Colombian datura virus and Brugmansia suaveolens mottle virus), and the sample was positive for BruMV. Pathogenicity and host range test of BruMV was determined by mechanical inoculation. Solanaceae (tobacco, tomato and eggplant) and Amaranthaceae (ground cherry) appeared typical virus symptoms. To determine coat protein of this virus, we designed specific primer pairs, and performed PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that BruMV-SW was most closely related to BruMV isolate SK. Comparison of the BruMV-SW coat protein nucleotide sequences showed 92% to 99% identities to the other BruMV isolates.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.104-109
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• 2022

The bomb rack unit (BRU) installed inside the pylon serves to fix external attachments such as external fuel tank or external weapon, and also serves to separate external attachments in case of emergency. In particular, the load generated when the external attachment is separated from the BRU is called the punching load. In this study, we present the results of a structural static test performed to verify the structural integrity of the pylon under the BRU punching condition acting on it. In the structural static test report, we present the implementation method for the separation load of the external attachment and the test profile for the BRU punching load condition, and compared the error between the load input signal and the feed-back signal to determine the appropriateness of load control in each test. Furthermore, we compared the strain results obtained in the numerical analysis and structural test at the main positions of the specimen. As a result, it was shown that the load of the actuators were properly controlled within the allowable error range in each test, and the numerical analysis effectively predicted the test result. Finally, through structural static tests conducted by design limit load and design ultimate load, we verified that the aircraft pylon dealt with in this study has sufficient structural strength for external attachment separation condition.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.296-318
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• 2015

The Bru-Van Kieu, one of ethnic minorities in Vietnam, have lived in the mountainous area along the border with Laos for centuries. Approximately by the end of the Second Indochina War, the Bru-Van Kieu were still a kinship-based and non-stratified societal group relying mainly on subsistence economy. Their traditional physical geography, nonetheless, has been transformed vigorously during the last few decades as a result of state-formation processes and changes in macro-economic policies. The paper aims to examine how ethnic minority adapt their livelihood to challenges instigated by macro political and economic processes. By examining livelihood adaptation of the Bru-Van Kieu, the study also identifies strategies that ethnic minorities use to negotiate with more powerful political and economic forces. The authors argue that the Bru-Van Kieu have deployed a strategy combining everyday resistance to maintain their limited social and cultural agencies and utilizing of these agencies in economic adaptation with other cross-ethnic non-state actors, enabling them to tap into new type of resources and opportunities.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 1999

In this paper, an unifying design algorithm is presented for efficient digital implementation of continuous PID controller using general discrete orthogonal functions. The proposed algorithm is an algebraic method to determine controller parameters, which can unify controller design procedures divided into three ways. A set of linear equations for the controller design are derived from simple algebraic transformation based on general discrete orthogonal functions. By solving these equations, all of the controller parameters can be determined directly and simultaneously, which thus makes the design procedure systematic and straightforward. It does not involve any trial and error procedure, hence the difficulty of conventional approach can be avoided. The simulation results and discussions are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.2 s.61
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• pp.105-114
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• 2007

As a result of imminent recognition on nature from modern world, the need for the combination between architecture and nature has been raised as another topic in architectural arena, and this kind of work is being conducted under the notion of Landscape. As the term 'Landscape' emerges as the key word in contemporary architecture, 'Landscape' begins to transcend the mere meaning of landscape architecture(gardening). The word, Landscape, has gone beyond the meaning of mere landscape, or rural vista one-dimensionally, and, after having introduced the attributes of nature into building activities, has emerged as a notion trying to form 'the architecture as landscape.' Together with these, 'Landscape' is expanding as a notion having various layers. The notion's, 'Landscape', occupying the significant position in contemporary architecture has been a recent phenomenon over 1980-1990s, and its category of practice has not certain limitation, rather it has started simultaneously from various areas. This study, before reviewing the architectural notion of Landscape by studying the Landscape notion and its various embodying methods being shown in contemporary architecture. As a result of examining the features of Landscape notion shown in various directions(ways), being influenced by the four Landscape types presented by Eduard Bru and the currents of the times, we can see that, though the features are somewhat similar, they are classified and explained as different types respectively. So, we are able to recategorize the features into 6 domains in this study.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.206-214
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Puerariae flos herb-acupuncture on hippocampal neural cell proliferation. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups; control group, control with herb-acupuncture group, alcohol group, alcohol with herb-acupuncture group group. Control groups were received with NaCl, while alcohol intoxication groups were injected intraperitoneally with alcohol (2 g/㎏) twice per day for 3 days. Herb-acupuncture groups were injected on Zhongwan (CV 12) for 5 consecutive days. Bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected into all animal per day for 5 days. For the detection of BrdU-positive cells in dentate gyrus of hippocampus, immunohistochemistry was performed. In alcohol group, a significant decrease in BrdU-positive cells was observed compared to control group. In alcohol with herb-acupuncture group, BruU-positive cells increased significantly compared to alcohol group. In conclusion, the present results revealed that new cell proliferation is enhanced in the dentate gyros of young Sprague-Dawley rats through Puerariae flos herb-acpuncuture in an acute alcoholic intoxication condition.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.99-104
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• 2022

Aircraft pylon connects the engine or external stores to the main wing, and transfers the load acting on the pylon to the main structure of the aircraft. In particular, it should perform the function of separating the external store mounted on the pylon in case of emergency or mission performance. At this time, if the separation of the external store is not performed properly due to peripheral air flow or functional problems during the separation process of the external store, it may seriously impact the survivability of the aircraft. For this reason, to apply an external attachment to an aircraft, it is necessary to prove the stability of the external attachment in the separation situation in advance. In this paper, we present the result of the ground separation test performed to confirm that the external fuel tank, which is an external attachment, can be safely separated from the pylon. As a result of the test, the separation movement of the external fuel tank was measured with a high-speed camera, and the stability of the separation of the external fuel tank from the pylon were confirmed through the ground separation test. Additionally, the test result provides basic data for the stability evaluation of the separation of external attachments in actual aircraft.