• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.109.1-109.1
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• 2010

Hybrid형 석탄액화 공정은 직접액화 (Direct Coal Liquefaction, DCL)공정과 간접액화 (Indirect Coal Liquefaction, ICL)공정으로 구성 되며, 공정의 경제성을 분석하기위하여 주요 제품 (디젤, 납사) 생산량이 50,000barrel per day (BPD)의 Hybrid형 석탄액화공정을 선정하고 공정에 적합한 검토기준을 세워 건설비용 및 매출액등을 산정하였다. 또한 석탄액화공정에 대한 중요 변수들의 가격 변동에 따른 민감도 분석을 실시하였다. 생산량을 기준으로 선정된 원료탄(Illinois #6 유연탄)의 사용하였을 때, 총 투자액은 $4,114,730,000 로 나타났으며, 고정비는 $93,610,000, 변동비는 $407,225,000으로 분석되었다. 경제성 분석결과 내부수익률 (internal rate of return, IRR)은 기본조건에서 11.48%로 나타났으며, 순현가(net present value, NPV)는 $526,478,000으로 나타났다. 원금상환 기간은 6.9년으로 나타났으며, 민감도 분석 결과 제품가격, 원료석탄가격, 건설비의 변동률 순서로 수익률에 변화를 주는 것으로 나타났다. 민감도가 가장 높은 제품 가격 25% 상승 시, IRR과 NPV는 각각 17.24%, $2,804,919,000로 나타났다.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.5-9
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to define criteria to be used as part of the engineering design for an oil sands plant equipped with the steam assisted gravity drainage process. In this effort, the oil treatment process of an oil sands plant on a pilot scale was focused for detailed investigation. The thermodynamic properties of the process fluid, which is mainly composed of bitumen and water, were estimated with the CPA model. The commercial tool aspen HYSYS was used for the analysis throughout this work along with the provided input data and some necessary assumptions. From the simulation results, the heat and mass balances for a 300 BPD plant were established in order to define standard data for its modular design. In particular, the basis of design for equipment size, heat transfer areas, capital cost and operation cost was extensively discussed.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.857-860
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• 2009

This report examines the economic feasibility of a commercial 50,000 barrel per day direct/indirect coal liquefaction (DCL/ICL) facility to produce commercial-grade diesel and naphtha liquids from medium-sulfur bituminous coal. The scope of the study includes capital and operating cost estimates, sensitivity analysis and a comparative financial analysis. Based on plant capacity of 50,000BPD, employing Illinois #6 bituminous coal as feed coal the total capital cost appeared $3,994,858,000(DCL) and $4,942,976,000(ICL). Also, the internal rate of return of DCL/ICL appeared 13.27% and 12.68% on the base condition. In this case, coal price and sale price of products were the most influence factors. And ICL's payback period(6.8 years) was longer than DCL's (6.6 years). According to sensitivity analyses, the important factors on DCL/ICL processes were product sale price, feed coal price and the capital cost in order.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.245-252
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• 1985

Ultrasonographic examination in the obstetrics not only makes easy of the diagnosis of Hydrocephalus, placenta previa, anencephalus and ectopic pregnancy, etc, but also guaranteed its excellence in the diagnosis of women gynecology disease. Especially in case that it doesn't affect radiation hazard on the embryo, its efficiency keeps increasing and it is spotlighted to many clinic doctors. Even though in general hospital we often observe congenital hydrocephalus in Med. Dept. which entirly undergoes the medical examination to the insured, we don't observe even the women delivered with child and it is very difficult to find a rare congenital hydrocephlus throughout other present insurance companies. We inspected a congenital hydrocephalus, which other medical equipments of present insurance companies have many difficulties in the medical examination, accompanied by meningoencephalocele by ultrasonic diagnosis. We analyzed and compared the data by ultrasonic diagnosis with that of surgical diagnosis and the results are follows; 1) We could correctly describe meningoencephalocele by ultrasonic diagnosis. 2) It was able to be diagnosed in LMP 22 weeks. 3) BPD has about 10 mm higher than normal value in LMP 22 weeks. 4) Dilatation of lateral ventricle was observed in LMP 22 weeks. 5) As paralled with ultrasonic diagnosis in pregnancy medical examination, accepting declines including the risk rate can be restrained.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.212-219
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• 2017

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a major problem for office workers. Individuals adopting poor postures during prolonged sitting have a considerably increased risk of experiencing LBP. This study aimed to investigate seat pressure distribution characteristics, i.e., average pressure, peak pressure ratio, frequency of postural shift, and body perceived discomfort (BPD), during 1 hour of sitting among office workers with and without chronic LBP. Methods: Forty-six participants (chronic LBP = 23, control = 23) typed a standardized text passage at a computer work station for an hour. A seat pressure mat device was used to collect the seat pressure distribution data. Body discomfort was assessed using the Body Perceived Discomfort scale. Results: Office workers with chronic LBP sat significantly more asymmetrically than their healthy counterparts. During 1-hour sitting, all workers appeared to assume slumped sitting postures after 20 minutes of sitting. Healthy workers had significantly more frequent postural shifts than chronic LBP workers during prolonged sitting. Conclusion: Different sitting characteristics between healthy and chronic LBP participants during 1 hour of sitting were found, including symmetry of sitting posture and frequency of postural shift. Further research should examine the roles of these sitting characteristics on the development of LBP.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.75-78
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• 2007

천연가스의 수증기 및 이산화탄소 복합 개질은 탄화수소화합물과 이산화탄소를 원료로 사용하여 수소를 생산하는 공정으로, 온실가스로 지목되고 있는 주요 화합물을 수소와 일산화탄소 혼합 가스로 전환시켜 합성 반응 또는 연료전지에 사용할 수 있도록 해준다. 본 연구에서는 $MgAl_2O_4$를 지지체로 하는 니켈계 촉매를 제조하여 수증기 및 이산화탄소 복합 개질 반응에 사용하였으며, 기존의 수증기 개질촉매 적용 시 문제가 되었던 탄소 침적에 의한 촉매 비활성화를 피할 수 있었다. 개발된 촉매 레시피를 바탕으로 펠릿 촉매를 제조하여 0.1 bpd규모의 Fischer-Tropsch 합성 반응에 적용 가능한 튜브형 반응기에 적용하여 수증기 및 이산화탄소 복합 개질 반응을 실시하였으며, 반응기의 온도 구배, 가스 조성 변화를 관찰하였다. 반응 조건에 따른 촉매 및 반응기의 성능 최적화를 실시하여 최적 촉매 및 반응기 성능을 모색하고자 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.3-7
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• 2012

Objectives : The early onset of mood symptoms in bipolar disorder has been associated with poor outcomes in many studies. However, aspects of the clinical course of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents are controversial. The goal of this article is to review the clinical characteristics and longitudinal course of children and adolescents with bipolar disorders. Methods : Searches were conducted in MedLine, PsycINFO, KISS, and RISS using the terms phenomenology, clinical course, outcome, BPD, pediatric, children and adolescents. Twenty-one reports were selected : either original articles reporting symptoms and clinical characteristics of subjects (ages 5-18 years), or published articles in reviewed journals about bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. Results : Approximately 70% of subjects with bipolar disorder recovered from their index episode, and 50% had at least 1 syndromal recurrence, particularly depressive episodes. For 60% of the follow-up time, subjects had syndromal or subsyndromal symptoms with numerous changes in symptoms and shifts of polarity. Approximately 20% of BP-II subjects converted BP-I. Conclusion : Bipolar disorders in children and adolescents are characterized by episodic illness with subsyndromal and syndromal episodes with mainly depressive and mixed symptoms and rapid mood changes. Extensive follow-up time is needed to evaluate the continuity of bipolar disorder symptoms from childhood to adulthood.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.613-620
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• 2020

COVID-19 pandemic has made the economy in Indonesia sluggish, especially Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Simultaneously, the SMEs existence in Indonesia is fundamental and considered important by the government since it is able to assist numerous laborers and become an income source for the lower and middle classes of the community. The productivity of SME in a region will undeniably influence the availability of job and, of course, reduce the number of unemployed. Therefore, in this study, the researchers looked at how to improve SMEs performance to continue to exist amid the COVID-19 pandemic, by identifying the relationships between product characteristics, market competitive strategies, and the performance of SMEs. The research was done on SMEs in West Java, Indonesia. The example employed was Batik SMEs in Cirebon with at least 10 years in existence, and the total number of these SMEs was 165. As the basis of a quantitative approach, this study employed survey instruments by distributing a questionnaire. In analyzing the data, it utilized the structural equation modeling (SEM). The result showed a significant relationship between Product Characteristics, Market Competitive Strategy, and Price and Product Success Rate on SMEs Performance. This study's findings contribute to the SMEs performance literature.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.403-411
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• 2021

This paper discusses the relationship between debt literacy, peer-to-peer lending, and over-indebtedness in Indonesia. It is essential because the number of loans on this platform continues to increase, both legal and illegal. Data was collected online in collaboration with commercial market research firms, JajakPendapat.net. Debt literacy and over-indebtedness were measured by self-assessment with questions from Lusardi and Tufano (2009a). Questions for debt literacy are about interest compounding, debt interest, and the application of time value of money in payment options. The question for over-indebtedness is about the amount of debt and the conditions resulting from that debt. By using descriptive methods, it is clear that the majority of respondents, both borrowers and non-peer-to-peer lending borrowers are debt illiterate, and those who have poor debt literacy have huge debt. Overall, only 1.85% of the respondents were debt literate. Those who live on the island of Java have better literacy because they are the center of economic growth in Indonesia. Debt from peer-to-peer (P2P) lending also has the potential to create problems, namely over-indebtedness. P2P lending borrowers also have very poor debt literacy. However, there is no difference in debt literacy between P2P lending borrowers and non-P2P lending borrowers.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.997-1007
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• 2021

This study aims to redesign and find out the role of Islamic work ethics in influencing Islamic motivation, affective commitment, job satisfaction, and employee performance. Respondents in this study are populations of various cross-sectoral and cross-profession employees, such as government and private workers, soldiers, educators (teachers and lecturers) in various offices in Central Java. 220 questionnaires were distributed to all respondents, but the number of the returned questionnaires was 200. Thus, totally, this study analyzed 200 questionnaires. Data are analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results show that the eight hypotheses are accepted: there is a positive and significant influence of Islamic work ethics on Islamic motivation; there is a positive and significant effect of Islamic work ethics on job satisfaction; there is a positive and significant effect of Islamic work on affective commitment; there is a positive and significant influence of Islamic motivation on affective commitment; there is a positive and significant influence of Islamic motivation on job satisfaction; there is a positive and significant effect of job satisfaction on employee performance; there is a positive and significant effect of affective commitment on employee performance; there is a positive and significant influence of Islamic motivation on employee performance.