• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3444-3451
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• 2012

Safety and health related information for the proper use and handing of pesticides is usually printed on the surface of the pesticide products in the form of texts. But, the guidelines or standards for the appropriate presentation of the texts for the pesticide products are most vague or not practical. Thus, this study aimed to provide the preliminary guidelines for the text sizes based on the legibility experiments. To achieve the objective legibility evaluation experiments were conducted to test the effects of different near vision (0.6, ${\geq}0.8$), gender, font type(thick gothic-type and fine gothic-type), thickness of font(plain and bold), and number of syllables(2 and 3 syllables) in the same age group of 20s. The results showed that legibility was different according to the visual acuity (p<0.05), and no other main effects showed statistically significant effects. The 'maximum illegible size' to read at least one word correctly in all the text conditions was 2 pt when the near vision was ${\geq}0.8$, and 2 pt or 3 pt when the near vision was 0.6. The 'minimum legible size' for 100% correct answer was 9 pt for the near vision of 0.6, and 5.3 pt for ${\geq}0.8$, respectively. Mean character size does not read any discomfort in 0.6 was 15.5 pt in both male and female but male was mean 8.5 pt, female was 10 pt in ${\geq}0.8$. Considering these experimental results, it was recommended that the 16 pt or larger characters should be used the important information such as 'Pesticides' or toxicity, and the minimum character size was 9 pt for the less important information.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.65-80
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• 1994

In the 20th century, The artistic world was constantly producing new ideas and movements and the world of fashion responded to and reflected them all in greater of lesser degree. Dress designers have always been aware of what is happening In the arts and have always been able to use the discoveries and ideas of the artist to help them solve design problems and create fashion which are new, inventive and reflective of thier time. Up to the present, other researchers have investigated the connections between the fine arts and the Modern Fashion. In this respect, the objective of this research was to clarify the characteristics of painting of the Impressionism on the Modern Fashion. In order to investigate the relationship between the trend of painting and Modern Fashion. Especially, Impressionism's light and color affected both 20th's painting and other sorts of art. That is, the trend of the modern painting, Fauvism, Cubism, Surrealism, Abstract art, Abstract Expressionism, was influenced by Impressionism painting. Similarly, in the sihouette, line, color, fabric pattern of the Modem Fashion was represented characteristics of the Impressionism Painting. The fashion's Fauve, Paul Poiret was excited by the power of color in the same intense way as the 'wild beasts' of art. The color of his clothes during that period was bold and brilliant. Gabrielle Chanel simplified the shape of women's clothes to a square cardigan and rectangular skirt. This was a cubist concept. Art and fashion probably held hands closest in the 1930s, when Elsa Schiaparelli was creating clothes directly influenced by the Surrealist thinking of Salvador Dali. And she burst upon the fashion world with a sweater that had a trompe I'oeil bow. Soma Delaunay was one of great pioneers of Abstract in. She proceeded to mix strong and bright colors into her art and created the geometric and abstract patterns of the clothes and fabrics with her strong color. The influence of Abstract Expressionism was expressed the fabrics of the Modern Fashion. Some fabrics used in Modern Fashion are printed in a dripping pouring and splashing style. For the future, some futher research to investigate the art-fashion connection might involve establishing systematic classifications for silhouette, line, texture, color of the fashion. Moreover, in order to study the influence of fine art on the fashion, a broader approach might wish to analyze the relationship between painting and other plastic arts.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.4704-4710
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to obtain a useful diagnostic image by increasing the signal strength of the peripheral artery, was to use a T1 shortening effect of gadolinium contrast agents to improve the disadvantages of the phase image. From october to december 2014 thirty patients were underwent the MRI scanning, except for heart disease. Research method was evaluated comparing the image after gadolinium contrast MR image acquisition step before evaluating the difference between the signal intensity for T1 shortening effect. In frontal lobe 19.45%, temporal lobe 23.09%, occipital lobe 25.45%, parietal lobe 18.82%, cerebellum 20.93% after peripheral arterial signal strength results of gadolinium contrast agent injection was increased significantly after injection of gadolinium both statistically significant. After injecting a contrast agent gadolinium in SWI by increasing the signal strength of the T1 shortening effect can be obtained when using the phase image to give a useful image in diagnosis and treatment.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2009

Purpose : Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess the temporal response of neural activation in healthy subjects while they performed the Iowa Gambling Test (IGT), which utilizes decisions involving ambiguity and risk. The IGT was divided into five blocks of 20 trials; analysis showed that activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) moves gradually from the dorsal to the ventral mPFC over the course of the IGT. These findings suggest that cognitive division of the mPFC, including the dorsal portion of the anterior cingulated cortex (ACC), plays a major role in ambiguous decision making and that the aspect of the IGT corresponding to risky decision making is associated with significant activity within the corticolimbic network strongly implicated in emotion and reinforcement. Our results also suggest that decisions made under ambiguity and decisions made under risk situations can be further divided into sub-phases based on the neural network involved.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.215-224
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• 2005

With the recent increase of sensitivity to decors, there has been an ever-increasing significance of exhibiting the beauty of the outer looks of an article. This trend has necessarily led to the diversification and also specialization of the color scheme activities. And so, it is inevitable that we should form the substantial ideas of the color scheme and further on, enhance the efficacy of its orientation under the prevailing circumstances. Now, we come to a realization that we must first take a glance at the whole picture of the arrays of color embedded in a variety of articles in the sixties and seventies of the 20th century, a bold introduction of color designs, thereby tracing the birth of color designs and finding a meaning in its mechanism. This study begins with the obtaining of a large collection of articles in those days, along with the literature on the commercial effects color suggest, and looking into the background of their trend and finding a meaning that underlies what these colors suggest. The general idea of those color designs exemplifies that the color selection was none other than the simplicity and convenience in the making of things in doser relation to the easy selling. With the advance of material quality and enhancement of the industrial idealism, it has been proved that color plays an important role in depicting the image of quality and tastes of class. In that role color has been given the indicator of visual delights and differentials in quality articles. All this has been reflected in a diversity of articles: for instance, white for household appliances, prime color for living necessaries and natural color for the decore like furniture. Formerly, after all, people used to have little regard for color. What is color for, it was thought, in relation to the selling image of articles? That is wily our preceding generation pays attention only to the first-hand looks of articles, neglecting the intensive study on color. We are beginning to understand what image a certain color scheme evokes in our feeling.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.387-410
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to approach to the internal meanings included in the Happening and the culture of hippies, by analysing the basic mental conditions in the process of the Happening. And this study was composed of the concept and the development of Happening, the characteristics of the hippies that related in the midst of the happening's background, and the formativeness between these factors and hippies'fashion. Since the happening a genre of fine arts expression attended the New School for social research in New York in 1954, Allan Kaprow direct-influenced by John Cage used the word 'Hapening'first, practicing '18 Happenings in 6 parts'at the Rueben gallery in 1959. Kaprow's 18 Happenings was one of the earliest opportunities for a wider public to attend the live events that several artists had performed more privately for various friends. Despite the very different sensibilities and structures of artist's works, artists were all thrown together by the press under the general heading of 'Happening', following Kaprow's 18 Happenings. Being considered as the root of the Happening 'Expression of Sound'of John Cage was the discovery of the exisiting thing- the Happening. Most artists were to be deeply influenced by Cage's theories and attitudes-that is, his sympathy for Zen Buddihism and oriental philosophy-and by reports of the Black Mountain events. These events would directly reflect contemporary painting and stemmed from the Futurists, Dadaists and Surrealists. And Happening's development background was based on the culture of hippies. Swinging London had been under the sway of psychedelic drugs and utopian visions of 'hippie'wave sweeping in from Califonia. This wave, which affected solid middle-class youth first and formost, began in Haight Ashbury in San Francisco. Without dwelling on the hippie movement here, it is worth nothing that it resulted from the convergence of several undercurrents : consciousness-expending drugs, the anti-Vietnam war developments, the impact of English pop groups on American music and the rise of protest songs, and finally the beatnik tradition of non-conformism. Hippie culture and its pursuit of love, peace and psychedelia was the antitheses of 1960s main street fashion. The media gave everyone with long hair the label of 'hippie', but it was always a very loose collage of attitudes and styles. The rejection of sexual taboos was conveyed by the hippie's refusal to wear. Although the bold exposure of body raised controversies because it went against the existing moral values, it has a significant implications. Psychedelics brought mind-expansion and the possibillity that modern technology (light show, synthesized electronic sounds), new fabrics or colors, and LSD could be utilized to provide an escape route from the dreariness of modern life. During the 1960s, traditional costumes, many of which had never been seen outside their native regions, became sought after and adopted in the West, initially by the young, who wanted to demonstrate their solidarity with cultures uncontaminated by mass industry. The most ardent proponents of such folk costumes were the hippies. Hippies dress was sometimes decribed as 'anti-fashion', produced by a patchwork of ragged cast-offs and flamboyant accessories, of outmoded Western dress and time-honored ethnic garments all combined, modified and permutated into variety of personal statements. 'Flower Power'became a reality. From the results of this study, we can see the expanding trend of the influence and the concept of the sew art genre 'Happening'in the formativeness as well as the fine arts field.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.31-42
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• 2015

The Reinforced subgrade for railroad (RSR) was constructed for one way railway line with the dimension of 5 m high, 6 m wide and 20 m long to evaluate its performance under train design load. The RSR has characteristics of short length (0.3-0.4 H) of reinforcement and rigid wall, 30 and 40 cm vertical spacing of reinforcement installation. To enhance economics and constructability, three kinds of connections (welding, hinge & bolt, bold wire) were also designed to realize the integration between rigid wall and reinforced subgrade. Two times of static loading tests were done on the full size railroad subgrade. The maximum applied pressure was 0.98 MPa (the maximum test load 5.88 MN), which corresponds to 19.6 times of the design load for railroad subgrade, 50 kPa. The performance on the RSR was evaluated with the safety on the failure, subgrade bearing capacity and settlement, horizontal displacement of wall, and reinforcement strain. Based on the full scale test, we confirmed that the RSR with the conditions of 0.35 H (35% of height) short reinforcement length, hinge & bolt type connection for integration between rigid wall and reinforced subgrade, and 40cm vertical spacing of reinforcement installment shows good performance under train design load.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.78-78
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• 2003

Purpose: This event related fMRI study was to further our understanding about how different brain regions could contribute to effective access of specific information stored in long term memory. This experiment has allowed us to determine the brain regions involved in recognition of familiar faces among non familiar faces. Materials and Methods: Twelve right handed normal, healthy volunteer adults participated in face recognition experiment. The paradigm consists of two 40 familiar faces, 40 unfamiliar faces and control base with scrambled faces in a randomized order, with null events. Volunteers were instructed to press on one of two possible buttons of a response box to indicate whether a face was familiar or not. Incorrect answers were ignored. A 1.5T MRI system(GMENS) was employed to evaluate brain activity by using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast. Gradient Echo EPI sequence with TR/TE= 2250/40 msec was used for 17 contiguous axial slices of 7mm thickness, covering the whole brain volume (240mm Field of view, 64 ${\times}$ 64 in plane resolution). The acquired data were applied to SPM99 for the processing such as realignment, normalization, smoothing, statistical ANOVA and statistical preference. Results/Disscusion: The comparison of familiar faces vs unfamiliar faces yielded significant activations in the medial temporal regions, the occipito temporal regions and in frontal regions. These results suggest that when volunteers are asked to recognize familiar faces among unfamiliar faces they tend to activate several regions frequently involved in face perception. The medial temporal regions are also activated for familiar and unfamiliar faces. This interesting result suggests a contribution of this structure in the attempt to match perceived faces with pre existing semantic representations stored in long term memory.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2003

목적 : 남, 여 ADHD 환자에서 뇌 혈류상태의 차이점을 알아보기 위하여, 다른 정신과적 질환이 없는 ADHD 환자의 SPECT 뇌혈류 영상에 대하여 SPM을 통한 뇌 혈류상태의 차이점을 비교분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 남자 ADHD 환자군 51 명 (4-11세, 평균 9.0세)과 정상군 8명(6-17세, 평균, 9.6세) 그리고, 여자 ADHD 환자군 13명(6-12세 평균 9.0세)과 정상군 4 명(6-12세 평균 9.0세)의 SPECT영상을 비교분석하였다. 방사성의약품 $^{99m}$ Tc-ECD 0.33mCi/kg을 환자의 정맥내에 주사하고 30분후 잠을 재운상태에서 Multi SPECT3 camera를 이용하여 영상을 기록하였다. Matlab을 이용한 SPM program에서 남여별 ADHD환자의 뇌혈류지도 영상을 비교하였으며, BOLD(blood oxygenation level dependent effect) data plotting을 이용하여 혈류증가율과 감소율을 분석하였다. 결과 : 1) 남자 ADHD환자군의 혈류증가부위의 경우, P<0.02 에서 대상회전 (cingulate gyrus)이 나타나 P<0.05까지 한 부위에서만 나타났으며, 정상군에 비하여 15.61%의 혈류증가율을 나타내었다. 혈류감소부위로는 P<0.004에서 좌측 대뇌 도이랑 (insula gyrus), P<0.005에서 우측 대뇌 측두엽이랑, P<0.007에서는 우측 대뇌 전두엽아래이랑에서 각각 감소되었으며 P<0.01에서는 좌측 대뇌 전두엽 아래이랑에서도 나타났다. ADHD 환자군은 정상군에 비하여 각각의 클러스터에서 평균 14.97-15.28%의 혈류 감소율을 보였다. 뇌 혈류의 증가율과 감소율은 유의 수준변화에 영향을 받지 않았다. 2) 여자 ADHD환자의 혈류증가의 경우 P<0.003에서 소뇌 후엽 중앙부위, P<0.005에서는 좌측 대뇌 변연엽, P<0.009에서는 좌측 대뇌 측두엽 그리고 P<0.02에서는 소뇌 후엽을 비롯하여 9개부분에서 혈류증가 클러스터가 나타났으며, ADHD환자군은 정상군에 비하여 24.68-31.25%의 혈류증가율을 나타내었다. 혈류감소를 나타낸 부위로는 P<0.001에서 좌측 대뇌의 렌즈핵(lentiform nucleus), P<0.003에서 우측 대뇌의 렌즈핵 그리고 P<0.005에서 P<0.01까지 좌측 대뇌 측두엽중심에서 나타났다. 각각의 클러스터에서 평균 혈류감소율은 30.57-30.84%이었다. 결론 : 남여ADHD 환자의 혈류 증가와 감소부위는 서로 일치하지 않았으며 여자의 경우 혈류 증가와 감소율이 남자보다 더 크게 나타나, ADHD환자의 SPECT를 이용한 분석에서 남여환자를 동시에 분석하는 것 보다는 남여환자를 구분하여 실시하는 것이 더욱 정확한 진단정보를 제공할 수 있다고 판단된다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2002

Purpose : The minimum stimulus onset asynchronoy(SOAmin) is one of important experimental parameters for an event-related fMRI experiment designed with the stochastic stimulus. In this study, the most efficient SOAmin is explored for the stronger activation in motor and language tasks with the stimulus designed stochastically. Materials and methods : The event-related fMRI during motor and language tasks were obtained in four normal right-handed subjects. EPI-BOLD sequence is used at 1.5Tesla MR system for the acquisition of event-related fMRI. For each task the subjects are responded for the stimulus' with 2, 3, 4, and 6 seconds SOAmin. The obtained images are processed with SPM99, and the p value is set as 0.05 for the significant activation detection. The Z value and the number of activated pixels are compared for each task. Results : For the motor task, the primary and supplementary motor areas are activated, and for the language task the consistent activated signals are detected in the Broca's. The activated signal is to be stronger for the shorter SOAmin for both motor and language tasks. At primary motor area, the activated signals is the strongest for 3 seconds SOAmin and for the supplementary motor area the result with 2 seconds SOAmin shows the strongest activation. And the result of language task shows the strongest activation at the 2 seconds SOAmin. Conclusion : In the event-related fMRI of motor and language tasks with the stochastically designed stimulus, the 2 or 3 seconds SOAmin is efficient for more activated and clustered activation.