• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.1259-1270
• /
• 2019

The upper bound of differential characteristic probability is mainly used to determine the number of rounds when constructing a block cipher. As the number of rounds affects the performance of block cipher, it is critical to evaluate the tight upper bound in the constructing process. In order to calculate the upper bound of differential characteristic probability, the previous searching methods for minimum number of active S-boxes constructed constraint equations for non-linear operations and linear operations, independently. However, in the case of BOGI design strategy, where linear operation is dependent on non-linear operation, the previous methods may present the less tight upper bound. In this paper, we exploit the properties of BOGI strategy to propose a new method to evaluate a tighter upper bound of differential characteristic probability than previous ones. Additionally, we mathematically proved the validity of our method. Our proposed method was applied to GIFT-64 and GIFT-128, which are based on BOGI strategy, and the upper bounds of differential characteristic probability were derived until 9 round. Previously, the upper bounds of differential characteristic probability for 7-round GIFT-64 and 9-round GIFT-128 were 2^-18.395 and 2^-26.885, respectively, while we show that the upper bounds of differential characteristic probability are more tight as 2^-19.81 and 2^-28.3, respectively.

• Journal of Oriental Physiology
• /
• v.14 no.2 s.20
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 1999

The effects of Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs on glutamate receptor using nystatin perforated patch clamp under voltage clamp were investigated and the following results was obtained. Ginseng radix and Astragali radix were chosen as Bogi herbs. Cervi cornu and Boshniakiae herba were used as Boyang herbs. Aconiti tuber and Zingiberis rhizoma were selected as Onri herbs. 1. $10^{-6}M$ of glycine brought about the increase of the ion currents by Astragali radix. Cervi cornu. Boshniakiae herba and Aconiti tuber to a minute extent that has no experimental meaning. 2. It was assumed that Bogi herb had no effect on glutamate receptor since the ion currents of Ginseng radix and Astragali radix that are Bogi herbs had not been inhibited to a great extent by D-AP5 and CNQX. 3. Boyang herbs were seem to have meaningful relationship with non-NMDA receptor since the ion currents by Cervi cornu and Boshniakiae that are Boyang herbs were inhibited by CNQX but not inhibited to a meaningful extent by D-AP5. 4. D-AP5 had not a significant effect on the ion currents activated by Onri herbs such as Aconiti tuber and Zingiberis rhizoma. CNQX had a significant effect on the ion currents of Aconiti tuber but no effect on the ion currents of Zingiberis rhizoma. Therefore, it seemed that Aconiti tuber had a relationship with non-NMDA receptor while Zingiberis rhizoma had no relationship with glutamate receptor. In summary, Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs had different effects through different mechanisms on glutamate receptor. Hence it was believed that. through experiments on acetylcholine receptor new classification could be made.

• Journal of Oriental Physiology
• /
• v.14 no.2 s.20
• /
• pp.67-82
• /
• 1999

The effects of Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs on glutamte receptor, and the regulatory mechanism of cAMP-protein kinase on the ion currents activated by Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs using nystatin-perforated patch clamp were investigated and the following results were obtained. Ginseng radix and Astragali radix, Cervi cornu and Boshniakiae herba, and Aconiti tuber and Zingiberis rhizoma were chosen as Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs respectively. 1. The ion currents activated by $10^{-5}M$ of glycine were used as controls. The magnitudes of the ion currents by the above named herbs were as follows; Cervi cornu>Astragali radix>Aconiti tuber>Zingiberis rhizoma>Ginseng radix>Boshniakiae herba. 2. The magnitudes of the ion currents by $10^{-5}M$ of glutamate pre-treated with 0.01 mg/ml of Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs were sharply decreased. 3. The activity of ion channels activated by Bogi herbs pre-treated with $10^{-7}M$ of staurosporin, an inhibitor of protein kinase, for thirty seconds was observed as the experiment proceeded. Staurosporin brought about dephosphorylation of ion channels. Hence, while the activity of ion channels activated by Ginseng radix was decreased, the activity of ion channels activated by Astragali radix was increased, as time went by. 4. The activity of ion channels activated by Boyang herbs pre-treated with $10^{-7}M$ of staurosporin, an inhibitor of protein kinase and an dephosphorylating agent of ion channels, for thirty seconds was investigated. While the activity of ion channels activated by Cervi cornu was increased, the activity of ion channels activated by Boshniakiae herba was initially increased then sharply decreased. 5, The activity of ion channels activated by Onri herbs pre-treated with $10^{-7}M$ of staurosporin, an inhibitor of protein kinase and an dephosphorylating agent of ion channels, for thirty seconds was investigated. While the activity of ion channels activated by Aconiti tuber was increased, that of ion channels activated by Zingiberis rhizomal sharply declined.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.179-191
• /
• 2002

The literatual study on the Bogi haehun-tang(補氣解暈湯), the results were obtained as follows : 1. Bogihaehun-tang(補氣解暈湯) is reported Fuqingzhu's Gynecology, Qing dynasty at the first and is used when puerperal faintness, a disorder due to deficiency of vital energy and blood and up ward attack of the asthenic yang, or due to lochistisis and blood stasis attacking the heart. 2. Bogihaehun-tang(補氣解暈湯) is composed of Radix Ginseng(人蔘), Radix Astragali, Radix Angelicae sinensis(當歸) Rhizoma Zingiberis praeparatae(乾臺), Spica Schizonepetae(荊芥). 3. Bogihaehun-tang(補氣解暈湯) have an effect on homeostasis by in vigorating the vital energy, a treatment for prolonged bleeding due to deficiency of vital energy(補氣攝血) applicable to the patient suffening from chronic hemorrhagic disease accompanied with the anifestations of the deficiency of vital energy.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.325-336
• /
• 2020

Nonlinear Invariant Attack is an attack that should be considered when constructing lightweight block ciphers with relatively simple key schedule. A shortcut to prove a block cipher's resistance against nonlinear invariant attack is checking the smallest dimension of linear layer-invariant linear subspace which contains all known differences between round keys is equal to the block size. In this paper, we presents the following results. We identify the structure and number of optimal bit-permutations which require only one known difference between round keys for a designer to show that the corresponding block cipher is resistant against nonlinear invariant attack. Moreover, we show that PRESENT-like block ciphers need at least two known differences between round keys by checking all PRESENT-like bit-permutations. Additionally, we verify that the variants of PRESENT-like bit-permutations requiring the only two known differences between round keys do not conflict with the resistance against differential attack by comparing the best differential trails. Finally, through the distribution of the invariant factors of all bit-permutations that maintain BOGI logic with GIFT S-box, GIFT-variant block ciphers require at least 8 known differences between round keys for the resistance.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.75-85
• /
• 2003

Objective : The main purpose of this research is to make a survey of the effective way of the Korean traditional medical care about Industrial accidental patients. Methods : In following research, 40 cases of industrial accidental patients who hospitalized in the Dong-Shin Korean Traditional Medicine Hospital from January 1, 1996 to October 21, 2002 were surveyed. Results : 1. The highest incidence was shown in the age of twenties to fifties as much as 92.5% and the ratio of malr to female was 35:5. 2. The highest type in the industrial is professional negligences. 3. The number of patients via other hospital(82.5%) was much than that of the first visitor to our hospital(17.5%) 4. In admission motives, the patients who had been treated by western medical treatment expressed the dissatisfaction of that treatment, so hoped to be treated by oriental medical styles. 5. CVA was 47.5%, disease of sinews and bones system was 52.5%. 6. Hemiplegia(47.5%) was the most frequent out of all CVA patients symptoms, back pain(32.5%) was the commonest pain region of all the condition of sinews and bones system. 7. At first stage of admission period, Acupunture and Herb-medication was frequently prescribed for hwalhyultonglakgige, but as going to end stage was frequently used for bogi, bohyul, gudam and ansingige. 8. The treatment methods which was used for treating industrial accident was acupunture, cupping therapy, physical therapy.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.67-85
• /
• 2015

Objectives : To find appropriate constitutional therapy by understanding Hyeong and Gi from the perspective that "Gi is inner position, and Hyeong is outer position, and Yang converts to Gi, Eum makes Hyeong(氣裏形表, 陽化氣 陰成形)". Methods : 1. Defined Hyeong(形)and Gi(氣)and studied Wonhyeong(圓形) and Banghyeong(方形), the shapes that are formed as a result of Gi-movement. 2. Used 'Hyeong-Gi' concept to analyze physiological and pathological phenomena; classifies parts of the body into Sasang by extrapolating from WonBang concept; and studied Sasangchejil. 3. Based on the above 1 and 2, studied medical direction of Sasangchejil written in Hwangjenaegyeongsomun Tongcheon Results : 1. Wonhyeong is the result of Yang(陽) movement, whereas Banghyeong is the result of Eum (陰) movement. 2. Hyeong(body) can be classified into Won(圓, circle) and Bang(方, square) or more specifically into Won of Won, Bang of Won, Won of Bang, Bang of Bang. Each corresponds to Taeyang(太陽), Soyang(少陽), Taeeum(太陰), and Soeum(少陰). 3. The constitutional therapy can be formulated by refering to "Tongcheon(通天)" and by taking into consideration that each Sasang constitution has a bias toward Mok(木), Hwa(火,) Gum(金), Su(水). Conclusions : Basic treatment for round shaped people needs to be focused on a cure of Boeum(補陰) and Bojeong(補精), whereas for angular shaped people, treatment should be about Bogi(補氣) and Boyang(補陽). Treatment for Taeyangin(太陽人) should be about strengthening Ganeum(肝陰) and reducing Paeyang(肺陽) and for Soyangin(少陽人), the treatment needs to be strengthening Sineum(腎陰) and diminish Biyang(脾陽). Taeeumin(太陰人) should receive a cure that reinforces Pyeyang(肺陽) and brings Ganeum(肝陰) down, whereas Soeumin(少陰人) should have a cure that strengthens Gi and increases Yang.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.250-264
• /
• 2000

A retrospective study has been carried out for 47 cases of traffic accident victims which was entered to the Dongguk Bundang O. M. Hosp. from Jan 1, 1999 to May 4, 2000. This study was focused on finding out the distribution, pattern of the traffic accidents, clinical characteristics of the patients, motives of their choosing oriental medical treatments, the kinds of oriental medical treatment. This results were as follows : 1. The highest incidence was shown in the age of twenties to thirties as much as 59.6% and the ratio of male to female was 17:30. 2. 80.9% of all patients was injured by car accidents. 68.2% of all patients was injured as drivers and passengers and 19.2% was injured as pedestrians. The highest type in the collision between cars, was rear impact. 3. The number of patient(61.7%) via other hosp. was more than that of the first visitor(38.3%) to our hosp. 4. In admission motives, The patients who had been treated by western medical treatment, expressed the dissatisfaction of that treatment, so hoped to be treated by oriental medical styles. Also The others wanted to be treated by oriental medical methods in the reason of no deep surgical, orthopaedical lesions 5. C-spine sprain(80.9%) was the most frequent out of all patients's diagnosis and then L-spine sprain(51.1%), contusion(46.8%), etc. 6. Head Cervix(80.9%) was the commonest pain region of all patients. and then shoulder back(70.2%), lumbar region(61.7%), etc. 7. In general, the pedestrian injuries were more serious than those sustained in the car as passengers. 8. After discharge, Duration of OPD treatment was long as much as that of admission treatment. 9. At first stage of admission period, Herb medication was frequently prescribed for hwalhyultonglakgige(活血通絡之劑). but As going to end stage, was frequently used for bogi(補氣) bohyul(補血), gudam(祛痰), ansin(安神).

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.421-428
• /
• 2022

Background: The exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation is a significant risk factor generally underestimated by outdoor workers and employers. Several studies have pointed out that occupational solar exposure increased eye and skin diseases with a considerable impact on the lives and productivity of affected workers. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness against ultraviolet radiation of some measures recently undertaken for the protection of lifeguards in a coastal area of Tuscany. Methods: Different shading structures (gazebos and beach umbrella) were tested during a sunny summer's day on a sandy beach by means of two radiometers; the UV protection offered by some T-shirts used by lifeguards was also tested in the laboratory with a spectrophotometer. Results: The analysed shading structures strongly reduced the ultraviolet radiation by up to 90%, however a not always negligible diffuse radiation is also present in the shade, requiring further protective measures (T-shirt, sunglasses, sunscreen, etc.); the tested T-shirts showed a very good-excellent protection according to the Australian/New Zealand standard. Conclusion: Results obtained in this study suggest how the adoption and dissemination of good practices, including those tested, could be particularly effective as a primary prevention for lifeguards who are subjected to very high levels of radiation for long periods.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
• /
• no.39
• /
• pp.393-413
• /
• 2019

As one of a shaman song to reveal features of the byeolsin rite, East Sea coast, Gyeongbuk, Korea is matgut have been discussed for a long time. The rite is held to greet other shamans who were invited by a village resident and the highest shaman to perform the rite. When there is no highest shaman in the village, or when the highest shaman lacks the ability to perform the exorcism, other shamans are invited if a person is required to meet the scale of the rite, which is a rite of passage to verify their abilities and to become a community, even while the byeolsingut is held. The best shaman team, or village Pungmul team, and shaman team, When the strings are between them, they play music and struggle with each other, and the strings are lifted, they greet the god of the game at the altar, and the shaman turns around and plays with the field. However, the process of greeting the shaman at the exorcism rite after 2000 and the procedure of "Paggi-bogi" in which shamans take turns singing songs are disappearing. In addition, although the village Pungmul team has participated in the rite as a welcoming party for the shaman team, the purpose of the rite, which is to greet the shaman, is also being tarnished by leaving the role of the village Pungmul team to the outside team. This is due to changes in the villagers' perception of gut and shaman. As in the old days, it was necessary to greet a shaman as a rite of worship, although it was not necessary to confirm its ability to perform the rite of the village, due to the disparity of status. However, after the shaman has been transformed from a 'mysterious' existence into an intangible cultural asset functional owner, the perception of shaman changes and the village confirms the shaman's ability through an intangible cultural asset certificate. In addition, the number of villagers who know the details of the rite is decreasing, and most of the tasks such as preparation and proceedings of the rite are delegated to the shaman to hold the byeolsingut, and the nature of the exorcism of the exorcism is changing.