• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2022

DEXA, as the standard areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measurement method, often shows an insuficient correlation between aBMDs of the measured bones and referring bones and is inaccurate due to the mass effect. In contrast, quantitative computer tomography (QCT), as a volumetric BMD (vBMD) measurement method, is being advanced so that it uses less radiation before, owing to improved CT device and computer imaging technology. Because dual-energy CTs can modulate the image signals showing tumor or specific chemicals as well as the ability to measure vBMD, they are expanding their application. For pre-checking vBMD of surgeon-specific bone volume at implantation candidate sites, a finite element creation-based local vBMD measurement technique was developed. The local vBMD measurement function for surgeon-specific shape volumes will be added to clinical imaging systems.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.359-367
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of soy protein and soy isoflavones on bone and mineral density in young female Sprague-Dawley rats. Fifty eight rats (body Weight 75 $\pm$ 5 g) were randomly assigned to one of four groups, consuming casein, soy protein concentrate, soy protein isolate (57 mg isoflavones/100 g diet) or casein added isoflavones (57 mg isoflavones /100 g diet). All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin, USA) in spine and femur on 3, 6, 9 weeks after feeding. The serum and urine concentrations of Ca and P were determined. Diet did not affect weight gain and mean food intake. Food efficiency ratio was lower In soy protein groups. The serum concentration of Ca and P were not changed by soy protein and isoflavones. Urinary Ca and P excretion were not significantly different. Spine BMD was significantly increased by soy protein isolate on 3 and 6 weeks after feeding. Femur BMD was significantly increased in the groups of soy protein isolate and isoflavones adding on after 9 weeks. Therefore, soy protein with rich isoflavones may be beneficial on spine and femur BMD increasement in growing female rats.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.114-120
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• 2014

Bone mineral density (BMD) is one of the quantitative traits that are genetically inherited and affected by various factors. Over the past years, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have searched for many genetic loci that influence BMD. A recent meta-analysis of 17 GWASs for BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar spine is the largest GWAS for BMD to date and offers 64 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 56 associated loci. We investigated these BMD loci in a Korean population called Korea Association REsource (KARE) to identify their validity in an independent study. The KARE population contains genotypes from 8,842 individuals, and their BMD levels were measured at the distal radius (BMD-RT) and midshaft tibia (BMD-TT). Thirteen genomic loci among 56 loci were significantly associated with BMD variations, and 3 loci were involved in known biological pathways related to BMD. In order to find putative functional variants, nearby SNPs in relation to linkage equilibrium were annotated, and their possible functional effects were predicted. These findings reveal that tens of variants, not a single factor, may contribute to the genetic architecture of BMD; have an important role regardless of ethnic group; and may highlight the importance of a replication study in GWASs to validate genuine loci for BMD variation.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the problem of bone health and potential influencing factors of bone mineral density (BMD) for women across the life cycle of menopause. Methods: Complex sampling design data analysis was performed on the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010 in order to identify the problems with bone health, BMD and its influencing factors in 3,499 women who answered the menopausal status. Women's life cycle was categorized by premenopausal, postmenopausal, and elderly. Results: 35.1% of premenopausal women, 73.3% of postmenopausal women, and 96.0% of elderly women had problems with bone health that were related to low BMD. Influencing factors of BMD were residential area, alcohol drinking, and body mass index (BMI) for premenopausal women; age, residential area, education, marital status, income, and BMI for postmenopausal women; and age, education, and BMI for elderly women. Conclusion: Problems with bone health required to be considered as a major health problem in all women regardless their life cycle. Interventions to maximize BMD need to be developed by considering its influencingfactors across the women's life cycle.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.236-243
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• 2006

A recent study reported that a diet rich in isoflavones is beneficial for bone formation in growing rats. It therefore seemed desirable to find out whether the beneficial effect of isoflavones in ovariectomized rats could also be reproduced with same amount of isoflavones which used for growing rats. To study the effect of isoflavones, an equal amount of isoflavones which used for growing rats, on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in ovariectmized rats were performed. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight $210{\pm}5g$) were divided into two groups, ovariectomy and sham groups, which were each randomly divided into two subgroups that were fed casein and casein supplemented with isoflavones diets for 9 weeks after operation. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin) in spine and femur. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and osteocalcin and urinary DPD crosslinks value were measured as markers of bone formation and resorption. The results of this study indicate that body weight gain and food intake were higher in ovariectomy groups than in sham groups regardless of diets. Serum Ca concentration was lower in ovariectomy groups than in SHAM groups. Serum ALP, osteocalcin, and crosslink value were increased in ovariectomy groups. Spine BMD/weight, femur BMD/weight, and femur BMC/weight of ovariectomy groups were significantly lower than SHAM groups after 9 weeks. However, isoflavones supplemented group in ovariectomy groups, serum ALP and osteocalcin concentrations, spine BMD/weight and spine BMC, femur BMD/weight and femur BMC/weight were significantly increased after 9 weeks. In conclusion, the beneficial effect of isoflavones on bone in ovareiectomized rats was shown on 9 weeks after feeding with an equal amount of isoflavones supplementation which used for growing rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.642-655
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• 1992

This study was designed to investigate the effect of nutrient intake on bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine(L2longrightarrowL4) in 41 postmenopausal women. The BMD of the lumbar spine was positively correlated with caiorie protein animal protein fat animal fat calcium animal calcium milk ad dairy calcium phosphorus iron animal iron vitamin A thiamin animal calcium milk and dairy calcium phosphorus iron animal iron vitamin A thiamin riboflavin niacin and ascorbic acid intake. Postmenopausal wmen of BMD$\geq$100% showed enhanced calorie protein fat calcium phosphrous niacin intake compared women of BMD<100% In the group of calorie protein riboflavin intake$\geq$recommended dietary allowances(RDA) BMD was significantly higher than BMD in the group of these nutrient intakes$\geq$700 mg/d is significantly higher than BMD that of examined using stepwise multiple regression analysis. From this analysis in subjects aged 50~59 years fat intake only in subjects aged 60~69 years niacin intake Ca/P in total subjects fat riboflavin intake were signifiant independent predictors of BMD In the group of menopausal significant independent predictor of BMD This study suggests that dietary calcium is a major constituent affecting lumbar spin BMD in postmenopausal women whose menopausal period is over than 5 years.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.242-250
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• 2005

This study was conducted to assess the bone mineral density (BMD) and the anthropometric measurements, life style, and other environmental factors affecting BMD in Korean adolescents. Subjects were 167 high school students (83 male students, 84 female students) in Seoul. BMD was measured in the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), femoral trochanter (FT), and Ward's triangle (WT) by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The questionnaire was used to assess the anthropometric measurements, life style, and other environmental factors. Bone mineral density of LS, FN, FT and WT were 0.967, 0.960, 0.795, $0.761 g/{\cal}cm^2$. The BMD of LS was not different by sex but the male students's BMD of FN, FT and WT were higher significantly than the female students (LS: 0.976 vs. 0.958, FN: 1.040 vs. 0.880, FT: 0.842 vs. 0.749, WT: 0.827 vs. $0.695 g/{\cal}cm^2$) Female students's BMD of LS, FN, WT, and FT was positively correlated with weight but male students's BMD of WT was not correlated with weight. The factors such as the life style, activity and exercise have significant influence on BMD. This study confirms that the major factor affecting BMD was body weight and the factors such as the life style, activity and exercise is related to accumulation of BMD. The classification of sexual characteristics is needed for further studies on BMD of adolescents.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.203-213
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was carried out to evaluate correlation between Bone Mineral Density(BMD) and degenerative lumbar disease in postmenopausal low back pain patients. Methods : 69 postmenopausal patients with low back pain were examined. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to evaluate degenerative lumbar disease and bone mineral density of lumbar spine was measured by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data were analyzed by Pearson's Linear Correlation Coefficient. Results : In postmenopausal patients with low back pain, BMD(T-score, Z-score) had negative correlation with the grade of intervertebral disc herniation and positive correlation with weight. Other lumbar diseases including Spinal stenosis, Spondylolisthesis and Facet joint arthrosis didn't have significant correlation with BMD. Conclusion : In postmenopausal patients with low back pain, BMD(T-score, Z-score) had inverse relationship with the grade of intervertebral disc herniation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.559-568
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• 2007

Weight control diets induce reducing women' bone mineral density (BMD) that has a close relationship to risk in osteoporosis. This study was carried out to identify bone density risk factors affecting women's BMD, and to examine the relationship age, lifestyle and dietary habits for bone health by physical measurement and questonnaies. The subjects of this study were 194 women living on the Seoul area. When the subjects were divided into 4 age groups, BMI was the highest in the 50 years group (24.8) and the lowest in the 20 years group (21.63). Average T-score, which is BMD of forearm bone and calcaneus was the highest in the 40 years (-0.07) and the lowest in the 20 years (-0.59). The rate of eating breakfast was shown significantly higher in the 50 years group than that in the younger group. The frequencies of eating out, fried food intakes, and alcohol drinks were shown significantly different by age (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the risk rate of BMD was high in the 20syears and 50 years groups. It may due to the 20s' weight-control diet. Breakfast eating, exercise, intakes of anchovies, radishes, carrots, zucchinis and tomatoes were significantly important factors to prevent bone density risk.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.216-223
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary caffeine supplementation on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in ovariectomized rats. Twenty eight female Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight $210\;{\pm}\;5\;g$) were divided into two groups, ovariectomy (OVX) and Sham groups, which were each randomly divided into two subgroups that were fed control and control supplemented with caffeine diets (caffeine 0.03% diets). All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 6 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin) in spine and femur. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and osteocalcin and urinary DPD crosslinks value were measured as markers of bone formation and resorption. The results of this study indicate that body weight gain and food intake were higher in OVX groups than in Sham groups regardless of diets. There were no differences weight gain between the control and caffeine groups in both OVX and Sham groups. Within the OVX groups, serum Ca concentration was lower in rats fed caffeine than in rats fed the control diet. Serum ALP, osteocalcin, urinary Ca, and phosphate were not different in each group. Spine BMD, spine BMD/weight, and spine BMC/weight, femur BMD/weight and femur BMC/weight of ovariectomy groups were significantly lower than Sham groups. Within the OVX group, there were no differences in spine BMD and BMC and femur BMD and BMC. These results indicate that no significant differences in spine and femur BMD were found due to 0.03% caffeine intakes in diet in OVX rats for 6 weeks. No negative effect of caffeine in 0.03% diet on bone mineral density were found in the present study. Further investigation of the relation between caffeine and bone mineral density are warranted. (KoreanJNutr2008; 41(3): 2l6~223)