• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the needling depth of Hwangmun (BL51) and Jisil (BL52) retrospectively using an L-spine MRI. Methods : We measured the shortest distance from the skin to transversalis fascia at both sides of Hwangmun and Jisil, and analyzed the difference between male and female using a student t-test, and between the left and right sides with a paired t-test. Results : In the case of males, the average depth of left Hwangmun was $48.24{\pm}10.16mm$, and that of right was $47.23{\pm}9.59mm$ ; left Jisil was $56.91{\pm}9.00mm$ and right was $55.74{\pm}8.75mm$. In the case of females, the average depth of left Hwangmun was $42.26{\pm}9.29mm$, and that of right was $41.63{\pm}9.32mm$ ; left Jisil was $49.21{\pm}10.77mm$ and right was $48.41{\pm}11.38mm$. The depth of male insertion was deeper than that of female in Jisil, but there was no significant difference according to gender in Hwangmun. Conclusion : For males, the needling depth of left Hwangmun is 37.21 ~ 68.23 mm and right is 36.91 ~ 70.50 mm, while left Jisil is 42.97 ~ 70.84 mm and right is 43.75 ~ 72.00 mm. For females, the needling depth of left Hwangmun is 26.80 ~ 68.28 mm and right is 25.70 ~ 65.59 mm, while left Jisil is 30.94 ~ 79.06 mm and right is 28.13 ~ 77.27 mm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.424-431
• /
• 2015

This study was focused on acoustic scattering characteristics of jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) at frequency 38, 70, and 120 kHz by Kirchhoff-ray mode (KRM) model. The body length (BL) of 16 individuals ranged in 12.2~22.0 cm ($mean{\pm}S.D.$: $17.8{\pm}3.2cm$) and the swimbladder length ranged in 4.2~8.6 cm ($mean{\pm}S.D.$: $6.6{\pm}1.6cm$) and the swimbladder cross section ranged in $1.7{\sim}6.6cm^2$ ($mean{\pm}S.D.$: $3.8{\pm}1.6cm^2$). This result shows that results correlate well between the BL and the length and cross section of swimbladder. The swimbladder angle ranged in $7{\sim}12^{\circ}$ and the maximum TS values ranged in $-16{\sim}-5^{\circ}$ at tilt angle. The averaged TS-to-BL relationship were $TS_{38kHz}=20{\log}_{10}BL-65.33$ ($R^2=0.66$), $TS_{70kHz}=20{\log}_{10}BL-65.90$ ($R^2=0.67$), and $TS_{120kHz}=20{\log}_{10}BL-66.65$ ($R^2=0.65$). These results can be used fundamental data in order to estimate distribution and biomass of jack mackerel by using hydro-acoustic method.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.294-298
• /
• 2008

Effects of endosulfan (EN), an insecticide, and bleomycin (BL), an antibiotic, on the body weight in the normal mice, and the in vivo cell growth, tumor weight, and hematological parameters of the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell-bearing Swiss albino mice Mus musculus were evaluated. EN and BL were respectively administered orally and intraperitoneally to the experimental mice; the control group consisted of EAC cell-bearing untreated mice only. EN reduced the body weight in normal mice, whereas BL resulted in a steady body weight compared to the control. EN increased the EAC cell count significantly by reducing the growth of normal viable cells. In contrast, BL reduced the cell count by increasing the proportion of viable cells in the body. The tumor weights induced by EN were significantly higher than those of the EAC control and the BL-treated animals. In comparisons with the control and the BL mice, hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (%) and the number of RBC and lymphocytes were lowered, while counts of WBC, neutrophils, and monocytes were elevated after EN treatments. These results show that BL is capable of reducing the EN-induced neoplastic and haematological alterations in the mice under laboratory conditions.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.177-186
• /
• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study is to report a case of a 51-year-old patient with Herpes zoster, whose symptoms were relieved within five weeks after the East-west medical combined treatment. Methods : A Herpes zoster patient with extreme pain around the right lower ribs and lower back was admitted into the Korean medicine hospital. Bee venom acupuncture was applied directly onto the site of pain and electroacupuncture was applied on $GV_6-BL_{20}$, inferior site of spinous process of the 12th thoracic vertebra-$BL_{21}$, $GV_5-BL_{22}$, $GV_4-BL_{23}$ six times a week. Moxibustion was applied on $BL_{49}$, $BL_{50}$, $BL_{51}$, $BL_{52}$, $GB_{25}$, $LR_{13}$ six times a week, and the patient took daily doses of herbal medicine and western medicines such as anticonvulsants, analgesics, antiepileptics. The patient's symptoms were evaluated with numeric rating scale(NRS) and neuropathic pain scale(NPS). Results : The results were as follows: 1. After the East-west medical combined treatment, the NRS grade decreased from 8 to 1. 2. On the neuropathic pain scale, the patient's symptoms changed from deep sharp pain and burning sensation to superficial dull pain and coldness. Sensitivity to touch, discomfort, and itchiness also decreased. Sudden attacks of pain appeared 14 to 21 days after onset, but disappeared after final treatment. Conclusions : The results of the above patient suggests that the East-west medical combined treatment may be effective for total remission of herpes zoster. Further research is needed to confirm such effects.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2003

The objective of this study is to improve the efficiency of embryo transfer in generation of transgenic mice using inbred mouse (C57BL/6J) embryos. The embryos of C57BL/6J and BCF1 mice were superovulated by the standard protocol. One-cell stage of embryos were microinjected and the resulted one-or two-cell were transferred into one-or two-side oviducts of foster mother, respectively. When one-cell stage of embryos were transferred into one-side oviduct of 0.75 d.p.c. foster mother, the results were not ideal because of showing pregnancy ratios of 68.8$\pm$7.83% for C57BL/6J and 48.3$\pm$14.22% for BCF1, and development ratios of pups vs transferred embryos of 11.9$\pm$5.51% for C57BL/6J and 10.5$\pm$8.03% fur BCF1 . However, when two-cell stage of embryos were transferred into two-side oviducts of 0.5 d.p.c. foster mother, we got better results of 94.4$\pm$9.64% and 100$\pm$0% pregnancy ratio, and 22.1$\pm$0.4% and 21.8$\pm$0.38% development ratio for C57BL/6J and BCF1, respectively. Therefore, transferring two-cell stage of C57BL/6J embryos into two-side oviducts of 0.5 d.p.c. foster mother may be competitive to the result in BCF1 embryos. Even if there are a lot of other factors affecting these results, we conclude from these experiments that transfer of two-cell embryos into two-side oviducts of 0.5 d.p.c. foster mother is a more efficient and safe method than others in generating transgenic mice using inbred mice embryos.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.49-51
• /
• 2004

A four-year-old female Pekingese dog was presented with intermittent ambulatory hindlimb lameness and severe back pain. The course of the disease was acute and static and 5 days passed by until presentation. In neurological examination, severe back pain and slightly decreased proprioception in right hindlimb were shown. In radiographic examination, radiopacity was increased at T10-11 intervertebral disc space. According to the history taking, neurological examination and radiographic examination, it was tentatively diagnosed as intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). Conservative treatment was performed including cage rest, medication with prednisolone and traditional acupuncture. Acupoints were GV-6, GV-7, BL-18, BL-19. BL-40 and GB-34. Dry needlings rested for 20 minutes. Just after the first acupuncture treatment back pain was significantly decreased. With additional acupuncture treatment, all the clinical signs were not observed. It is considered that conservative therapy including traditional acupuncture, medication and cage rest might be the first choice of therapeutic method for Grade I or II IVDD in dogs.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2001

Postharvest decay of onion bulbs was examined by inspecting the commercial packages in the market or in storage. Bulb rot incidence was unexpectedly high, and onion bulbs with 1st quality grade were rotten most severely by 51%, followed by 32% for 2nd and 21% for 3rd grades. This indicates that larger bulbs had higher incidences of bulb rots. Major pathogens associated with basal and neck rots were Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus sp. or Botrytis allii, respectively, of which basal rot was most prevalent and damaging during storage. Among the epiphytic microorgani는 from onion plants, several Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp. and previously selected Pseudomonas putida and Trichoderma harzianum had inhibitory efficacy against bulb rot pathogens. Among these B. amyloliquefaciens BL-3, Paenibacillus polymyxa BL-4, and P. putida Cha 94 were highly inhibitory to conidial germination of F. oxysporum and B. allii. P. putida Cha 94, B. amyloliquefaciens BL-3, P. polymyxa BL-4, and T. harzianum TM were applied in the rhizoplane of onion at transplanting. Initially antagonist populations decreased rapidly during the first one month. However, among these antagonists, rhizoplane population densities of BL-3, Cha 94, and TM were consistently high thereafter, maintaining about 10$^4$-10$^{5}$ cells or spores per gram of onion root up to harvest time. The other bacterial antagonist BL-4 survived only for two months. TM was the most effective biocontrol agent against basal rot, with the number of rotten bulbs recorded at 4%, while that of the control was 16%. Cha 94 was effective for the first 20 days, but basal rot increased thereafter and had about the same control efficacy as that of BL-3 and BL-4. When the antagonists were applied to the topping areas of onion bulbs at harvest, TM was the most effective in protecting the stored onion bulbs from neck rotting. The second effective antagonist was BL-3. TM and BL-3 completely suppressed the neck rot in another test, suggesting that biocontrol of postharvest decay of onion using these microorganisms either at the time of transplanting or at harvesting may be promising.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.49-63
• /
• 2021

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the trend in treating fracture with acupuncture and to evaluate the quality of case reports. Methods All case reports of fractures treated with acupuncture were extracted from four Korean web databases. We classified these studies by five fracture sites and investigated frequently used meridian and acupoint, outcome measurements, treatment period. And we assessed the quality of the case reports by the STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) guidelines. Results A total of 33 case reports were included. The outcome measurements were divided into six categories, and the outcome measurements used in more than three studies showed improvement in patient symptoms. The mainly used meridians for each fracture site were as follows: chest and abdomen (GB, LR, CV), back (BL, GB), upper limb (LI, TE), lower Limb (GB, ST, BL, SP). The most commonly used acupoints for each fracture site were as follows: chest and abdomen (Ashi points, GB24, GB25, GB26, LR13, LR14, CV16, CV17, CV18, CV19), back (BL23, BL24, BL25, BL26, BL40, BL51, BL52, BL60, GB34), upper limb (LI4, LI10, LI11, TE3), lower limb (GB34, GB40). According to the STRICTA guidelines, more than 54.54% of the reports were found to be 'not reported' or 'not sufficient' in the following categories: 'response sought', 'description of participating acupuncturist', and 'number of needle insertions per subject per session'. Conclusions The meridians and acupuncture points frequently used for acupuncture treatment of fractures were near the fracture site. Future clinical studies involving acupuncture must be reported in accordance with the STRICTA guidelines to improve transparency and uniformity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.637-643
• /
• 2015

The diet composition of juvenile Trachurus japonicus were studied using 195 specimens collected from 2013 (May, June, July, and September) to 2014 (May, June, and July) in the coastal waters of Geumodo, Yeosu, Korea. The size of juvenile T. japonicus ranged from 4.3 to 15.2 cm in body length (BL). Juvenile T. japonicus was carnivorous and crustaceans predators that consumes mainly consumed copepods. Its diet also included small quantities of decapods, cirripedians, nematods, chaetognathans, fishes, amphipods, cumaceans, ostracods and euphausiids. The graphical method for feeding strategy revealed that juvenile T. japonicus is an opportunistic and specialized predator on copepods, especially Corycaeus. affinis, and showed narrow niche width. Juvenile T. japonicus showed ontogenetic diet change. Small size group individuals (4.3-8.0 cm BL) mainly consumed copepods. The portion of this prey item decreased in the large size group (8.0-15.2 cm BL), and this decrease was paralleled with increased consumption of decapods.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.49-51
• /
• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on gastric motility in dogs with radiography and ultrasonography. All experimental dogs were fed with the soup with barium (3% W/V), and thereafter gastric emptying time(GET) was measured with radiography and ultrasonography with Bolondi's method. The acupoints were CV-12, PC-6, ST-36 and BL-21 in this experiment. On these acupoints, electroacupunctral stimulation(15 MHz, continous wave) was applied for 20 minutes. The results were as follows: In the control group, normal GET was 70-85 minutes with ultrasonography, and 110-130 minutes with radiography. In acupuncture stimulation groups, there was no effect of gastric motility in CV-12, PC-6, and 57-36, whereas there was significant stimulating effect of gastric movement in BL-21 with ultrasonography (P < 0.05) and radiography (P < 0.01). Above these results, it is concluded that acupunctural stimulation of BL-21 was more effective in gastric motility compared to those of CV-l2, PC-6 and ST-36.