• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.657-665
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• 2017

This study is for checking the possibility of Lotus Rhizome and node of Lotus Rhizome as cosmetic materials. For this we carried out biological active evaluation about anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkle by using ethanol extract of Lotus Rhizome and node of Lotus Rhizome. We extracted Lotus Rhizome and node of Lotus Rhizome with 95% ethanol and then in order to evaluate anti-oxidant activity we treated samples by concentrations (100, 500, 1000) ${\mu}g/mL$ and carried out 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and The activity of 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) cation radical scavenging. Also, in order to evaluate effect of anti-wrinkle we carried out evaluation of Elastase inhibitory activity. To evaluate effect of anti-inflammatory we evaluated toxicity of samples through MTT assay with a macrophage (Raw 264.7 cells) and measured nitric oxide production inhibitory activity. As a result, DPPH radical scavenging activity of Lotus Rhizome and node of Lotus Rhizome at $1000{\mu}g/mL$ was 66.7% and 99.5%, respectively and ABTS + radical scavenging activity was 51.2% and 98.3% at the same concentration, respectively. Elastase inhibitory activity results showed that the nodes of the Lotus Rhizom extract excellent anti-wrinkle efficacy than Lotus Rhizom. Node of Lotus Rhizome showed higher anti-wrinkle activity than the positive the control group BHT at $1000{\mu}g/mL$ concentration. According to the result of nitric oxide production inhibitory activity, Lotus Rhizom showed 55.8% effect and nodes of the Lotus Rhizom showed 66.6% effect respectively. This showed that effect of anti-inflammatory was greater in nodes of the Lotus Rhizom extracts. As a result it suggests that Lotus Rhizome and node of Lotus Rhizome extracts can be used as natural substance of cosmetics which are safe in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-wrinkle.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.843-848
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• 2009

Green peppers were dried using maltodextrin and recycled dehydration liquid as dehydrating agents, and the quality of dried green pepper powders was compared with that of freeze-dried and hot air-dried samples in terms of moisture content, color, antioxidant activity, capsaicinoid level, and sensory acceptability. The moisture content of maltodextrin-treatedgreen pepper powder was higher than that of samples prepared using recycled dehydration liquid. The lightness (L) value rose with increasing concentrations of maltodextrin powder or liquid. The antioxidant activities of pepper powders prepared using the molecular press dehydration method were similar to that of alpha-tocopherol, and better than that offreeze-dried or hot air-dried samples. Capsaicinoid levels fell with increasing concentrations of maltodextrin powder and liquid. The sensory evaluation data on green pepper powders prepared using the molecular press dehydration method were better than those obtained when freeze-dried and hot air-dried samples were evaluated. These results indicate that drying of green pepper powders using maltodextrin and recycled dehydration liquid as dehydrating agents is very efficient.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 1991

Local extravasation during intravenous administration of adriamycin (doxorubicin HCl) can cause severe skin ulceration and necrosis. To investigate the mechanism of adriamycin-induced skin toxicity, effects of adriamycin on reactive oxygen radical metabolism using cultured skin cells of fetal rat. Adriamycin produced significant release of lactic dehydrogenase from cultured skin cell preparations dose- and time-dependently. The production of superoxide anion in sonicated suspensions of cultured skin cells was significantly increased by adriamycin under the presence of NADPH and NADH. The drug also stimulated malondialdehyde (MDA) production, an index of lipid peroxidation, in NADPH- and NADH-supported cell preparations. The increased production of MDA was significantly inhibited by oxygen radical scavengers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, thiourea) and antioxidants (butylated hydroxytoluene, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$). Treatment of cultured skin cells with 1, 3,-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), an inhibitor of glutathione reductase, enhanced the lipid peroxidation induced by adriamycin. The present study suggests that lipid peroxidation which is resulted from the stimulated production of reactive oxygen radical causes cellular damage in adriamycin-treated skin cells of rat.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4378-4384
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• 2011

In order to evaluate the anti-oxidative capabilities of Angelica dahurica Radix ethanol extract (ADEE), we analyzed the contents of polyphenol and flavonoid compounds and the electron donating ability from ADEE. For animal experimentation, the test agent was topically applied to the artificial tanning spots which were induced by 1,500 mJ/$cm^2$ of ultraviolet B radiation on the backs of brown guinea pigs weighing approximately 450~500g. The test agent of $30{\mu}{\ell}$ was applied (6areas per group) twice a day, five days a week, for five weeks. On completion of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed under anesthetization, and the artificial tanning spots were obtained by biopsy punch and stained with H&E to observe the histological change in the epidermis and dermis. As a result, the contents of polyphenol and flavonoid compounds in ADEE were 20.7mg/g and 19.5mg/g respectively. As the for electron-donating capability of ADEE, it was observed that ADEE displays a dose-dependent antioxidative capacity of 14.8% and 19.8% at the concentration of 500 and 1000 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ respectively. Tissue staining with H&E revealed that the epidermis of the control group was slightly thicker than that of the other groups. However no inflammation or any other undesirable effect on the skin tissue due to ADEE was observed. These results indicate that ADEE is of value as a natural antioxidant.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.610-617
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• 2016

Melatonin, known as a powerful wide-spectrum antioxidant, is consumed as a food supplement in some countries, but its applicability as an antioxidant additive was not yet studied. Therefore, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of melatonin by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and ORAC assays as well as its ability to inhibit perilla oil oxidation. The activities of four other related indoles were also compared. Melatonin showed the highest antioxidant activity (mmol trolox equivalent per mol indole, mmol TE) in ORAC (2,159) assay, but a low antioxidant activity in DPPH (0.63), ABTS (91), and FRAP (764) assays, whereas serotonin showed an opposite result. Addition of 1% (w/w) melatonin to perilla oil extended the induction period of oxidation up to about 2 times ($2.93{\pm}0.47h$) compared to that of control ($1.43{\pm}0.26h$) in the Rancimat assay, corresponding to almost 50% of the ability of butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT). Tryptamine was the most effective indole that inhibited perilla oil oxidation ($9.53{\pm}1.43h$).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.540-546
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• 2018

Annona muricata, generally known as soursop, graviola, or sirsak, is native to the warmest tropical areas of North and South America and is now widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical parts of the world, including India and Nigeria. This study tested the contents of polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, and minerals, as well as the antioxidative effects of DPPH radical-scavenging activity, Fe/Cu-reducing power, linoleic-acid peroxidation using thiobarbituric-acid (TBA) methods and peroxidation of rat-hepatocyte microsomes, and ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching assay. These were tested with in-vitro experimental models using water, ethanol, and methanol extracts of the Annona muricata leaf (AMl). Water extracts of AMl showed the highest extraction yield (1.76%). The total polyphenol-compound concentration was the highest in the methanol extract of AMl. However, the flavonoids concentration was the highest in the ethanol extracts of AMl. AMlMl major minerals were Ca, K, and Mg. In DPPH radical-scavenging activity, the contents exhibited a strong scavenging effect on the ethanol and methanol extracts of AMl. Additionally, the Fe/Cu-reducing power was strong in ethanol and methanol extracts of AMl. $Fe^{2+}$/ascorbate-induced linoleic-acid peroxidation using TBA methods and auto-oxidation of rat-hepatic microsomes showed strong antioxidative activities in ethanol extracts of AMl. ${\beta}$-Carotene bleaching was also highest in the ethanol extracts of AMl. These results may provide the basic data to understand the chemical characteristics and antioxidative effects of Annona muricata leaf extract for the development of functional foods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

The antioxidative, antimutagenic and cytotoxic activities of ethanol extract from Cornus officianalis have been studied. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The inhibition effects on the mutagenicity in Salmonella Typhimurium TA100 were evaluated by Ames test and cancer cell inhibitory effects in Hep3B cell and HeLa cell were tested by MTT assay. Cornus officianalis had an important free radical-scavenging activity towards the DPPH radical. At a concentration of 500 ppm, the DPPH radical-scavenging activity of Cornus officianalis was similar to that of L-ascorbic acid. None of the extracts produced a mutagenic effect on S. Typhimurium TA100. The ethanol extract from Cornus officianalis showed about 77% of inhibition at 500 ppm on the mutagenicity induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. The extract from Cornus officianalis showed strong cytotoxicity against Hep3B and HeLa cells, with inhibition of 83 and 78% at a dose of $700{\mu}g$/plate, respectively. Moreover, the ethanol extracts had 34.33 mg H.E/g of polyphenols and 5.67 mg Q.E/g of flavonoids, respectively. Therefore, the present study showed antioxidative, antimutagenic and anticancer potential of the ethanol extract from Cornus officianalis.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.437-444
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• 2008

Structured lipids(SLs) were synthesized by enzymatic interesterification with DHA-enriched fish oil(containing 27% docosahexaenoic acid) and soybean oil in the hatch-type reactor. The interesterification was performed for 24 hr at $55^{\circ}C$ and TLIM(immobilized lipase from Thermonyces lanuginosa, 10% by weight of total substrates) was mixed with 180 rpm of shaking. The fish oil and soybean oil were interesterifed with several weight ratio(fish oil : soybean oil, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, w:w), Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light-scattering detector separated the triglyceride species of SLs. The products contained the newly synthesized peaks. Especially, one of peaks was distinctively increased with the increasing weight ratio from 2:8 to 5:5 while the peak of trilinolein (LLL) decreased vice versa. The effect of antioxidants such as catechin, BHT(Butylated hydroxytoluene), and their combinations on the oxidative stability in SL were investigated. Oxidative stability was carried out under oven test at $60^{\circ}C$ over 72 hr thereafter SLs were analyzed for total fatty acid content, rancimat, peroxide value, electronic nose and TBARS value. Among all combinations of antioxidant, the highest stability was obtained from 200 ppm of catechin. Besides, total tocopherol ($\alpha$, $\gamma$, and $\delta$-tocopherol), iodine and saponification value were analyzed in which iodine and saponification value of SLs were 151.19 and 182.35.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.37-43
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• 2018

Objectives : Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) were well known as anti-oxidant, but they were limited to use because of toxicity. So, many studies are being done to develope natural anti-oxidant. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents along with total antioxidant capacity of the ethanolic extract of Plantaginis Herba (PH) were evaluated to explore the reliable and potential sources of novel natural antioxidants. Methods : Total polyphenol contents and total flavonoid contents in PH ethanol extract were determined by colorimetric method. And DPPH(1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS(2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Surfonicacid)) free radical scavenging capacity and reducing power inhibition activities of PH ethanol extract were measured at 100, 500, 1000, $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentrations by spectrometric assay. Results : The total polyphenol contents and total flavonoid contents of the extract were 161.99 mg/g, 144.05 mg/g, respectively. Also, DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of PH ethanol extract in treated concentrations (100, 500, 1000, $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) increased dose dependently. In particular, DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of PH ethanol extract from $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ was significantly increased compared to positive control (BHA). ABTS free radical scavenging capacity of PH ethanol extract from $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ was significantly higher than BHA. Also, reducing power showed that PH ethanol extract from $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ was significantly increased compared to BHA. Conclusions : These results suggest that PH ethanol extract has effects to scavenge free radicals, thus PH has potential and applicable benefits for development of materials and products to have anti-oxidation functions.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.358-368
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• 2023

Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb., also known as the arrow tree in Korea, is a plant in East Asia used in traditional medicine and food. In particular, the wings of E. alatus are rich in phenolic compounds. This study evaluated the antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibition, and anti-cancer activities of E. alatus wing extracts. The radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging acitvities and reducing the power of 1,000 ㎍/mL E. alatus wing extracts, were similar to those of the positive control (0.1% BHT, 0.1% α-tocopherol). In addition, ethanol and methanol extract at 250 ㎍/mL showed 95.70 and 94.99% of α-glucosidase inhibition activity, respectively. The ethanol extract of E. alatus wings had the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents (867.8 mg% and 521.7 mg%, respectively). The E. alatus wing extracts significantly decreased the cell viability of LNCaP human prostate cancer cells (p<0.001), MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (p<0.001), and HT-29 human colon cancer cells (p<0.001) in a dose-dependent manner. However, there was no significant effect on B16 mouse melanoma cells. Notably, the ethanol extracts showed higher cancer cell growth inhibitory activity in LNCaP and HT-29 cells than the other extracts. These results suggest that E. alatus wing extracts could have significant clinical applications, and our results can be used as basic data for future functional food material development.