• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1.1-1.13
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• 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by production of autoantibodies to various nuclear antigens and overexpression of genes regulated by IFN-I called IFN signature. Genetic studies on SLE patients and mutational analyses of mouse models demonstrate crucial roles of nucleic acid (NA) sensors in development of SLE. Although NA sensors are involved in induction of antimicrobial immune responses by recognizing microbial NAs, recognition of self NAs by NA sensors induces production of autoantibodies to NAs in B cells and production of IFN-I in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Among various NA sensors, the endosomal RNA sensor TLR7 plays an essential role in development of SLE at least in mouse models. CD72 is an inhibitory B cell co-receptor containing an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) in the cytoplasmic region and a C-type lectin like-domain (CTLD) in the extracellular region. CD72 is known to regulate development of SLE because CD72 polymorphisms associate with SLE in both human and mice and CD72^-/- mice develop relatively severe lupus-like disease. CD72 specifically recognizes the RNA-containing endogenous TLR7 ligand Sm/RNP by its extracellular CTLD, and inhibits B cell responses to Sm/RNP by ITIM-mediated signal inhibition. These findings indicate that CD72 inhibits development of SLE by suppressing TLR7-dependent B cell response to self NAs. CD72 is thus involved in discrimination of self-NAs from microbial NAs by specifically suppressing autoimmune responses to self-NAs.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.625-635
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• 2004

Trichnuris suis does not excrete eggs during larval stage as well as in particular adult stage, It is impossible to diagnose by use of fecal examination method in those periods. Therefore, serological diagnostic method can be very useful for those stages. In order to produce monoclonal antibody, specific somatic and secretory-excretory (SE) antigens of T. suis were identified and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma cells were cloned, which were made of popliteal lymph node of BALB/c mice immunized with a 45 kDa somatic antigen of T. suis. Five clones (1B9, 2C4, n2C5, 2D7 and 2D8) showing strong responses to T. suis antigens were selected and the isotype identified. All monoclonal antibodies were IgG1 isotype and the light chains were k chain. Established monoclonal antibodies reacted specifically to somatic and SE antigens of T. suis and did not cross-reacted to antigens of ascaris suum, trichuris vulpis, or Trichinella spiralis. The sensitivity of somatic and SE antigens against these monoclonal antibodies were significant (p<0.01) associated with those of positive and negative sera.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2014

Background: Aberrant phenotypes in acute leukemia have variable frequency and their prognostic and predictive relevance is controversial, despite several reports of clinical significance. Aims: To determine the prevalence of aberrant antigen expression in acute leukemia, assess clinical relevance and demonstrate immunophenotype-karyotype correlations. Materials and Methods: A total of 73 (40 AML and 33 ALL) newly diagnosed acute leukemia cases presenting to KAMC, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were included. Diagnosis was based on WHO criteria and FAB classification. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, conventional karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization for gene rearrangements were performed. Results: Aberrant antigens were detected in 27/40 (67.5%) of AML and in 14/33 (42.4%) in ALL cases. There were statistically significant higher TLC in Ly+ AML than in Ly-AML (p=0.05) and significant higher blast count in ALL with aberrant antigens at presentation and day 14 (p=0.005, 0.046). There was no significant relation to clinical response, relapse free survival (RFS) or overall survival (p>0.05), but AML cases expressing ${\geq}2$ Ly antigens showed a lower median RFS than those expressing a single Ly antigen. In AML, CD 56 was expressed in 11/40. CD7 was expressed in 7/40, having a significant relation with an unfavorable cytogenetic pattern (p=0.046). CD4 was expressed in 5/40. CD19 was detected in 4/40 AML associated with M2 and t (8; 21). In ALL cases, CD33 was expressed in 7/33 and CD13 in 5/33. Regarding T Ag in B-ALL CD2 was expressed in 2 cases and CD56 in 3 cases. Conclusions: Aberrant antigen expression may be associated with adverse clinical data at presentation. AML cases expressing ${\geq}2$ Ly antigens may have shorter median RFS. No specific cytogenetic pattern is associated with aberrant antigen expression but individual antigens may be related to particular cytogenetic patterns. Immunophenotype-karyotype correlations need larger studies for confirmation.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.233-241
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• 1986

Patients of chronic hepatic diseases(n=107) including chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus infections(n=31), liver cirrhosis(n=53), and hepatocellular carcinoma(n=23) were examined to ascertain genetic relationship between chronic hepatic diseases and histocompatibility antigen. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were separated from whole blood by the method of Ficoll/Hypaque gradient. Total 54 histocompatibility antigens(class I antigens: 41, class II antigens: 13) were analysed by performing of complement dependent microlymphocytotoxicity method using Terasaki's and Catholic Medical College tissue typing plates. HLA antigen frequencies were compared with those of 661 normal controls. The following results were obtained: 1. HLA antigen frequencies of HLA-Bw46, -Bw76, -Cw1, -Cw6, and HLA-DR8 in chronic hepatitis patients were shown to be higher than those in controls(P<0.01). 2. HLA antigen frequencies of HLA-Bw46, -Cw7(P<0.01), and HLA-B37, -Bw58, -Cw1, -MT1(P < 0.05) in liver cirrhosis patients were shown relatively higher frequencies than those in controls. 3. In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, antigens of HLA-A1, -A26, -Cw3, -Cw7 and HLA-DR6 were dominantly detected. 4. There were negative associations with HLA-Cw4, and -DR4 in patients of chronic hepatic diseases(P < 0.05).

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.168-173
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• 1988

곤충치사 독소를 생성하는 Bacillus thuringiensis serovar. kurstaki HD1과 HD73 균주에 대한 내독소 단백질의 특성을 규명하기 위하여 독소단백질의 항체 생산성, 항원 안정성, 정량 및 교차반응실험을 수행하였다. 곤충치사 내독소 단백질에 대한 항체는 토끼 마리당 약 2mg의 내독소 항원을 4회 주사했을 때 급격히 증가하여 6~7회 투여시에 최대치의 항체가 생성되었다. 내독소의 항원 안정성을 ELISA로 조사했을 때 5일 이내는 안정하였으나 9일 이후는 급격히 감소하였다. 간접 ELISA에 의한 B. t. k. HD1과 HD73 내독소의 정량 감도는 각각 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, 400ng/$m\ell$이었다. HD1과 HD73 균주의 내독소 단백질에 대한 항혈청은 B. t. serovar israelensis 와 침강반응이 일어나지 않았다. B. t. k. 균주의 동일 아종간 내독소 단백질에 대한 항체의 교차반응에서 HD1 내독소 항체는 HD73 균주의 내독소 항원과 부분적으로 반응하였으나 HD73 내독소 항체는 HD1 항원과 100% 반응하였다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2005

Mucin 당단백질은 인체 타액 성분 중 혈액형 항원을 표지하는 주요 성분으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 보관중인 타액 검체에서 일어나는 분해과정 중에 A형 혹은 B형 혈액형 항원이 H형 항원으로 변환이 일어나는 지를 조사하는데 있다. A형과 B형 각각 20명씩 총 40명의 분비자로부터 채취한 전타액과 상층액을 실온에서 1주일간 보관한 다음, SDS-PAGE와 immunoblotting법을 이용하여 혈액형 항원의 변환 여부를 조사하였다. 전타액에서 변환을 보인 연구대상 중에서 A형과 B형 각각 4명씩 총 8명에서 이하선 타액과 악하선-설하선 타액을 채취하였고, 악하선-설하선 타액과 악하선-설하선 타액 및 이하선 타액의 혼합액을 실온에서 1주일간 보관하였으며, 같은 방법으로 혈액형 항원의 변환 여부를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전타액 상층액을 1주일 보관한 검체의 경우, A형 항원이 분해되지 않은 경우가 5%, 분해된 경우가 95%이었고, A형 항원의 H형 항원으로의 변환이 5명(25%)의 연구대상에서 관찰되었다. 원심분리하지 않은 전타액 검체에서는 90%의 경우에서 A형 항원이 분해된 형태로 관찰되었고 10%에서는 관찰되지 않았으며, 혈액형 항원의 변환은 4명(20%)의 연구대상에서 관찰되었다. 2. 전타액 상층액을 1주일 보관한 검체의 경우, B형 항원이 분해되지 않은 경우가 20%, 분해된 경우가 65%이었고 15%에서는 관찰되지 않았으며, B형 항원의 H형 항원으로의 변환이 7명(35%)의 연구대상에서 관찰되었다. 원심분리하지 않은 전타액 검체에서는 5%의 경우 B형 항원이 분해되지 않은 형태로 관찰되었고, 65%의 경우에서 분해된 형태로 관찰되었으며 30%에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 이 경우 혈액형 항원의 변환은 2명(10%)의 연구대상에서 관찰되었다. 3. 개별 타액선 타액검체의 경우, 4명중 각각 1명에서 A형 항원 혹은 B형 항원에서 H형 항원으로의 변환이 관찰되었다. 이 경우 혈액형 항원의 변환은 악하선-설하선 타액과 악하선-설하선 타액 및 이하선 타액의 혼합액 모두에서 일어났다. 그 외 3명의 검체에서는 항원의 분해나 변환이 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 타액에서 혈액형 항원의 변환이 일어남을 보여주는 것으로 타액에 이러한 변환을 가능하게 하는 효소가 존재함을 암시해 주었다. 그러므로 향후 혈액형 항원 변환의 정량적 연구와 함께 타액에 존재 가능성이 있는 특정 당분해효소의 근원이나 활성에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.7-7
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• 1995

Cockroach antigen have been known as a cause of allergic disease. German ockroach(Blattella germanica L.) was chosen because it has the highest distribution range and poulation density. To identify the common and specific antigens of adult and larval stage of german cockroach, we made monoclonal antibodies which were confirmen by SDS-PAGE and EITB. Anti-B. germanica antibody producing hybridomas were 24 among the total 960wells. Only 4 hybridomas did not have cross reaction to other species of cockroach and hluse dust mites(Dermatophagodies farinae and D. pteronyssius). SDS-PAGE revealed about 20 bands from 90Kd to 15Kd to 15Kd. ETB showed specific antigens a6 60, 72 and 82Kd which were experimented by the culture supernatant of 4 selected hybridomas. Especially 60Kd coincided with a band of immunized mouse sera.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.408-413
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• 2012

Almost all melanoma cells express at least one member of the MAGE-A antigen family, making the cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) epitopes with cross-immunizing potential in this family attractive candidates for the broad spectrum of anti-melanoma immunotherapy. In this study, four highly homologous peptides (P264: FLWGPRALA, P264I9: FLWGPRALI, P264V9: FLWGPRALV, and P264H8: FLWGPRAHA) from the MAGE-A antigens were selected by homologous alignment. All four peptides showed high binding affinity and stability to HLA-A$^*02:01$ molecules, and could prime CTL immune responses in human PBMCs and in HLA-A$^*02:01/K^b$ transgenic mice. CTLs elicited by the four epitope peptides could cross-lyse tumor cells expressing the mutual target antigens, except MAGE-A11 which was not tested. However, CTLs induced by P264V9 and P264I9 showed the strongest target cell lysis capabilities, suggesting both peptides may represent the common CTL epitopes shared by the eight MAGE-A antigens, which could induce more potent and broad-spectrum antitumor responses in immunotherapy.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2018

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are known as significant immunosuppressive viruses in pigs. In this study, we investigated the correlation of PCV2 and PRRSV in enteric lesions of porcine salmonellosis. A total of 64 cases were classified into four pig groups as group A (24 cases, S. Typhimurium), group B (11 cases, S. Typhimurium+PCV2), group C (16 cases, S. Typhimurium+PRRSV) and group D (13 cases, S. Typhimurium+PCV2+PRRSV). Comparing with group A, ulcerative enteritis in large intestine was little more prevalent in the PCV2 infected pigs in group B and D. And lymphoid depletion in gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT) of large intestine was also detected in PCV2 positive group B (36.4%) and D (30.8%). According to the results of immunohistochemistry (IHC), PCV2 antigens (83.3%) were more prevalently distributed in the intestinal lesions of porcine salmonellosis than PRRSV antigens (10.3%). PCV2 were also detected in the lymphoid depleted GALT of the large intestine from 7 of the 8 pigs (87.5%), but PRRSV were not found in all cases. It may explain that PCV2 can play a certain immunological role to enhance secondary bacterial infection in porcine alimentary tracts.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.338-343
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• 2003

Various factors, such as the adsorption pH, adjuvant dose, and adjuvant age, which affect the adsorption degree and immunogenicity of an antigen, were investigated. In addition, the effect of pH, antigen content, and adjuvant content on immunogenicity was also studied through animal experiments. Within the ranges studied, a low pH for adsorption, freshly preformed gel, and low pH formulation for the combined DTwP-HepB vaccine were preferrable for the adsorption of the antigens. In addition, a higher DT content was found to have a positive effect on the HBsAg immunogenicity in the combined vaccine. Accordingly, considering the factors affecting the adsorption rate and immunogenicity of the antigens, a novel DTwP-HepB vaccine (40 Lf/ml of diphtheria toxoid, 15 Lf/ml of tetanus toxoid, 20 OU/ml of detoxified whole cell pertussis, $24\;\mu\textrm{g}$ of HBsAg, $24\;\mu\textrm{g}\;Al/ml\;of \;Al(OH)_3\;gel,\;776\;\mu\textrm{g}\; Al/ml\;of\;AIPO_4\;gel$, and pH 7.1) was developed, whose immunogenicity was comparable to the case of administrating, separately and simultaneously, a combined DTwP vaccine (40 Lf/ml of diphtheria toxoid, 15 Lf/ml of tetanus toxoid, 20 OU/ml of detoxified whole cell pertussis, $300\;\mu\textrm{g}\;Al/ml\;of\; AIPO_4\;gel$, and pH 7.1) and mono HepB vaccine [$Hepavax^{\circledR},\;24\;\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ of HBsAg and $500\;\mu\textrm{g}\;Al/ml\;of\;Al(OH)_3\;gel$], which satisfies the potency criteria of the K-FDA for a combined DTwP vaccine and mono HepB vaccine.