• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.494-505
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• 2019

In this study, the antioxidant, anti-xanthine oxidase, anti-melanogenic and anti-wrinkle effects of methanol (ME) and hot water (HE) extracts from the fruiting bodies of Phellinus vaninii were investigated. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging activity of 2.0 mg/mL HE (95.38%) was comparable to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (96.97%), the reference standard. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of ME (98.19%) and HE (97.55%) were higher than that of butylated hydroxytoluene (92.66%) at 2.0 mg/mL. Neither ME nor HE was cytotoxic to murine melanoma B16-F10 cells at 25-750 ㎍/mL. Although the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory effects of ME and HE were significantly lower than that of allopurinol, the values were higher than 84 percent. The in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activities of ME and HE were comparable to kojic acid at 2.0 mg/mL. The cellular tyrosinase and melanin synthetic activities of ME and HE on B16-F10 melanoma cells at 500 ㎍/mL were higher than arbutin, indicating that the inhibitory effects of arbutin on the tyrosinase and melanin synthesis were higher than those of ME and HE. The collagenase inhibitory activity of HE was comparable to EGCG at 2.0 mg/mL, however, the elastase inhibitory activity of ME and HE was lower than EGCG at the concentration tested. The study results demonstrated that the fruiting bodies of Ph. vaninii possessed good antioxidant, anti-xanthine oxidase, cell-free anti-tyrosinase, cellular anti-tyrosinase, anti-collagenase, and moderate anti-elastase activities, which might be used for the development of novel anti-gout, skin-whitening, and skin anti-wrinkle agents.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2015

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Its effects on living organisms are different from those of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in Gram-negative bacteria. LTA contributes to immune regulatory effects including anti-aging. In this study, we showed that LTA isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum (pLTA) inhibited melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. pLTA reduced the cellular activity of tyrosinase and the expression of tyrosinase family members in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of microphthalmia- associated transcription factor (MITF), a key factor in the synthesis of melanin, was also decreased by pLTA. Further, we showed that pLTA activated melanogenesis signaling, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinse (PI3K)/AKT. In addition, the expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) and HuR, which are important RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), was reduced. pLTA likely degrades MITF via regulation of melanogenic signaling and RNA stability of melanogenic proteins, resulting in the reduction of melanin. Thus, our data suggest that pLTA has therapeutic potential for treating hyperpigmentation disorders and can also be used as a cosmetic whitening agent.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1496-1506
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• 2020

This study was conducted as follows in order to find out the possibility of using (Chamaecyparis obtusa) by part as a cosmetic material. Chamaecyparis obtusa was separated leaves, bark, wood, and root, and extracted with 99.9% ethanol, and the antioxidant and whitening effects of the sample were confirmed. For this, the following studies were conducted. Antioxidant evaluation was confirmed by 1 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+) radical scavenging activity. To evaluate the whitening effect, mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity evaluation and cytotoxicity evaluation of Chamaecyparis obtusa extract through MTT assay were conducted, and cellular tyrosinase inhibition rate was measured and melanin contents was confirmed. As a result of antioxidant activity, Bark extract among Chamaecyparis obtusa parts showed the best efficacy, and bark in B16F10 melanoma cell showed tyrosinase activity inhibition and melanin contents inhibitory effects. Therefore, it was confirmed that the ethanol extract of Chamaecyparis obtusa was developed as a natural material for safe and excellent whitening functional cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.462-470
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the Nypa fruticans extracts as a cosmetic additive. The tyrosinase inhibitory effects showed 52.0% at 1,000 ㎍/mL concentration. A cell viability test, measured on melanoma cell (B16F10) hot water extract of nypa fruticans showed 84.8% at 100 ㎍/mL concentration. The protein expression inhibitory effects of nypa fruticans extracts were measured by western blot at 25, 50, 100 ㎍/mL concentration and the β-actin. Results showed that the expression inhibition rates of the MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, tyrosinase protein were decreased by 70.7%, 83.3%, 45.7%, 45.9% at 100 ㎍/mL concentration, respectively. It was concluded that nypa fruticans extracts had the whitening effects and thus could be applied for cosmetics as a natural ingredient.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.649-653
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• 2008

The aqueous extract from Asiasari radix (AEAR) was used to investigate the effect of ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone induced melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melnoma cells. The treatment with AEAR at the 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml level significantly inhibited the biosynthesis of melanin without changes of cell growth and morphology compared with untreated control. The AEAR-treated cells at the 2.0 mg/ml level were more efficient than commercial arbutin at 0.1 mg/ml. The tyrosinase activity also significantly decreased in AEAR-treated cells at the 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml level. The Western analyses confirmed the slightly decreased expression of tyrosinase by AEAR treatment. These results indicate that AEAR may contribute to the inhibition of melanin biosynthesis through regulating tyrosinase activity and expression and serve as a new candidate in the design of new skin-whitening or therapeutic agents.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.280-284
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• 2005

Several biological activities of Rhododendron mucronulatum were investigated. The electron donating abilities of ethanol extracts of Rhododendron mucronulatum were more than 90% at 100 ppm, 500 ppm and 1,000 ppm. Xanthine oxidase was inhibition about 46% by the ethanol extracts of R. mucronulatum at 500 ppm 48% of tyrosinase activity relating to skin-whitening was shown at 1,000 ppm. Uniquely, the anti-microbial effects of water extract and ethanol extract were shown only on Staphylococcus aureus. The water extract 1 mg/disc showed the higher activity than ethanol extract. The growth inhibition effect of each sample on lung cancer (A549) and melanoma (B16F10) cell lines were over 70% at 1,000 ppm, while the effects on the melanoma (G361) and liver cancer (HepG2) were about 50% at the same concentration.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1193-1198
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• 2009

Ethylacetate and butanol fractions of leaf extracts (OLE) showed the higher contents of total phenolic compounds than hexane and water fractions. Oleuropein contents were $4.21{\pm}0.57,\;3.92{\pm}0.43,\;0.32{\pm}0.03,\;5.76{\pm}0.32$, and $32.47{\pm}0.25mg$/100g for ethanol extract, and hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fraction, respectively. Treatment of ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiated cells with 3 OLEs prepared by using ethylacetate and butanol at concentrations 0.001, 0.005, and 0.01% respectively showed significant recovery of cell viabilities. Treatment of dexametason 1 mM reduced tumor necrotic factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ secretion by about 40%. UVB irradiated immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells were treated with 3 different OLEs at the same concentrations. Ethylacetate fraction showed the strongest inhibition activity with respect of reduction of the elevated (TNF)-${\alpha}$. Cytotoxicity of OLEs on the B16-F1 cells was evaluated through thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Ethylacetate fraction has no cytotoxicity in the range of 0.005-0.01%. A slight cytotoxicity was observed at the concentration of 0.1% butanol fraction of OLE that caused 10% decrease in cell viability.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2022

Five sesquiterpenoids, 7-epi-eudesm-4(15)-ene,1β,6α-diol (1), 7-epi-eudesm-4(15)-ene,1β,6α-diol (2), saniculamoid D (3), aphanamol I (4), and 4β,10α-dihydroxyaromadendrane (5), were isolated from the stem bark of Aglaia grandis. The compounds' (1-5) chemical structures were identified by spectroscopic data including, IR, NMR (¹H, ¹³C, DEPT 135°, HMQC, HMBC, ¹H-¹H COSY), and HRTOFMS, as well as by comparing with the previously reported spectral data. Therefore, this study described the structural elucidation of compounds 1-5 and evaluated their cytotoxic effects against Hela cervical and B16F10 melanoma cells for the first time, but no significant result was discovered.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 2014

Objective : Lycii Fructus Extracts(LFE) can do Anti-hypertension activity, Antidepressant, Anti-diabetic activity. This study was designed to investigate effects of LFE on skin whitening and elasticity using melanoma cells. Methods : In this experiment, effect of LFE on cell viability, inhibition of melanin synthesis and inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and elastase. Results : More than $250{\mu}g/ml$ of LFE treated group showed lowered proliferation rates significantly compared to non-treated group. More than $125{\mu}g/ml$ of LFE treated groups were lower levels of melanin synthesis respectively. LFE showed inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activities in vitro. And, LFE suppressed tyrosinase activities in B16F10 cells significantly. Finally, LFE suppressed elastase type I and IV activities in dose-dependent manner in vitro. And LFE also slightly suppressed elastase activities in vivo. Conclusion : These results suggest that LFE can inhibit melanin synthesis through ihhibitory action on tyrosinase activity and inhibt elastase activity, and also suggest that these results can be used for the study on maintaining skin elasticity or whitening.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2019

Background: This study was designed to investigate the potential effects of Galgeungyulpitang for whitening and elasticity treatment by examining its effect on melanoma cells. Methods: The effects of Galgeungyulpitang on B16/F10 melanoma cell viability, production of melanin, tyrosinase and elastase, were investigated. Cell viability was measured by colorimetric assay that assesses cell metabolic activity (MTT assay). Melanin was measured by Hosei's method, tyrosinase was measured by Yogi's method and elastase was measured by James's method. Results: At concentrations higher than $500{\mu}g/mL$ Galgeungyulpitang, cell viability was significantly reduced ($p{\leq}0.05$). At concentrations of $500{\mu}g/mL$ and lower, morphological changes were not observed. The rate of melanin synthesis was significantly reduced to $73.49%{\pm}2.92%$ at a concentration of $500{\mu}g/mL$ Galgeungyulpitang compared with untreated cells (p < 0.05). Extracellular tyrosinase production was not significantly decreased in vitro, however, intracellular tyrosinase production was significantly reduced to $76.06%{\pm}2.17%$ when treated with Galgeungyulpitang at a concentration of $500{\mu}g/mL$ compared with the control (p < 0.05). Elastase Type 1 production was significantly reduced to $74.98%{\pm}3.24%$ and $69.62%{\pm}4.66%$ at concentrations of 250 and $500{\mu}g/mL$ Galgeungyulpitang, respectively (p < 0.05). Elastase Type 4 production was significantly reduced to $72.77%{\pm}3.52%$ at concentrations of 250 and $500{\mu}g/mL$ (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results in this study showed that Galgeungyulpitang may inhibit melanin and tyrosinase synthesis, and inhibit elastase production, suggesting that Galgeungyulpitang may be potentially beneficial for skin whitening and loss of skin elasticity treatments.