• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2022

For a locus with two alleles (I^A and I^B), the frequencies of the alleles are represented by $$p=f(I^A)={\frac{2N_{AA}+N_{AB}}{2N},\;q=f(I^B)={\frac{2N_{BB}+N_{AB}}{2N}$$ where N_AA, N_AB and N_BB are the numbers of I^AI^A, I^AI^B and I^BI^B respectively and N is the total number of populations. The frequencies of the genotypes expected are calculated by using p², 2pq and q². Choi showed the method of whether some genotypes is in these probabalities. Also he calculate the probability generating function for offspring number of genotype under a diploid model( [1]). In this paper, let x(t, p) be the probability that I^A become fixed in the population by time t-th generation, given that its initial frequency at time t = 0 is p. We find adapted equations for x using the mean change of frequence of alleles and fitness of genotype. Also we apply this adapted equations to several diploid model and it also will apply to actual examples.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제20권
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

90년대 들어서 국내 패션시장은 소비자들의 생활수준향상, 라이프 스타일의 변화와 함께 해외 라이센스 브랜드 도입의 증가와 대기업은 물론 중소기업들의 신규참여 또한 증가하는 추세에 있다. 이러한 급변하는 시장환경 속에서 오랜 전통과 기술력을 가지고 있는 선발 패션업체로서 주식회사 세정의 인디안 브랜드는 90년대 현 상황에서 타 브랜드들과의 경쟁에서 상대적 우위를 선점 하고 미래의 소비자들을 충족시킬 수 있는 새로운 이미지 정립이 절실히 필요한 상황이다. 이러한 시점에서 (주)세정의 인디안 브랜드 이미지 제고를 위하여 경영환경의 입체적 마아케팅 조사를 실시, B.I. 컨셉을 설정한 후 시각적 이미지 표현작업에 착수하였다. 그 후 설문조사를 통해 Logo mark를 결정한 후 인디안 B.I의 주요 디자인 항목인 기본 요소와 응용요소를 전개, 전체 디자인 시스템을 완성하였다. 그리고 브랜드 이미지 통일의 효과를 극대화하기 위해 보완되어져야 할 요소로는 디자인 조형상의 원칙준수와 철저한 관리, 브랜드 관련 전체 구성원들의 사고와 행동의 일치, B.I의식 실천을 위한 지속적인 교육프로그램의 실시 등이 요구된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2011

Korea Nuclear Fuel is developing the X-GEN fuel which shows high performance and robust reliability for the worldwide supply. However, the simplified code systems such as CESEC-III which were developed in 1970s are still used in the current Non-LOCA safety analysis of OPR1000 and APR1400 plants. Therefore, it is essential to secure an advanced safety analysis methodology to make the best use of the merits of X-GEN fuel. To accomplish this purpose, the $\b{i}$ntegrated $\b{s}$afety $\b{a}$nalysis $\b{m}$ethodology (iSAM), is developed by selecting the best-estimate thermal-hydraulic code RETRAN. iSAM possesses remarkable advantages, such as generality, integrity, and designer-friendly features. That is, iSAM can be applied to both OPR1000 and APR1400 plants and uses only one computer code, RETRAN, in the whole scope of the non-LOCA safety analyses. Also the iSAM adopts the unique and automatic initialization and run tool, $\b{a}$utomatic $\b{s}$teady-$\b{s}$tate $\b{i}$nitialization and $\b{s}$afety analysis too l (ASSIST), to enable unhandy designers to use the new design code RETRAN without difficulty. In this paper, a brief overview of the iSAM is given, and the results of applying the iSAM to typical non-LOCA transients being checked during the reload design are reported. The typical non-LOCA transients selected are the single control element assembly withdrawal (SCEAW) accident, the asymmetric steam generator transients (ASGT), the locked rotor (LR) accident, and bank CEA withdrawal (BCEAW) event. Comparison to current licensing results shows a close resemblance; thus, it reveals that the iSAM can be applied to the non-LOCA safety analysis of OPR1000 and APR1400 plants.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2004

Purpose This study is to find the characteristics of voice quality based on the classifying the sound characteristics and B.M.I. by Sasang Constitution. Methods To make the notion of the consensus of Sasang Constitution's Voice, classification into 4 categories was made: clear/hoarse, high/low, powerful/powerless, fast/slow. Result The voice quality of Soyangin group was classified as powerful and fast, and that of Taeumin group was classified as powerful and hoarse and low, and that of Soeumin group was classified as powerless and clear. The mean B.M.I. of Soeumin group was classified as 21.4, and that of Taeumin group was classified as 26.3. Conclusion 1. Taeumin was significantly high compared with Soeumin in B.M.I. 2. It can be classified as Taeumin when B.M.I. is high(26.3). 3. It can be classified as Soeumin when B.M.I. is low(21.4). 4. The voice quality of Soyangin group was classified as clear and fast, or strong and clear, and that of Taeumin group as powerful and hoarse, and that of Soeumin group as powerless and low.

• 전기의세계
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.17-20
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• 1972

The magnetic properties of Ba-Ferrite ( $M^{+2}$O.nF $e_{2}$ $O_{3}$ is highly improved under the condition of composition ratio n=4.4 when B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$ is added to Ferrite, the adding amount and sintering temperature which affect the magnetic properties were investigated and the following results; were obtained; 1. Magnetic properties are varied with B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$ content and singering temperature, and coercive force and residual induction can be improved with B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$. 2. The optimal content of B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$ amount is about 4 mol %, 3. Without the addition of B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$, the optimal sintering temperature is about 1300.deg. C, but when 4 mol % of B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$ is added, the optimal sintering temperature falls to the range of 900.deg. C to 1100.deg. C and it also improves magnetic properties. 4. Residual induction increases as the singering temperature is raised to 1100.deg. C. Coercive force also increased as the sintering temperature is raised to 1000.deg. C, but it rapidly decreases when sintering temperature goes beyond 1000.deg. C. 5. Only a negligible change may be noticed in the decrease of Curie temperature by the addition of about 4 mol % of B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2008

Purpose: The nitric oxide (NO) release by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is the key events in macrophage response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is suggested to be a crucial mediator for inflammatory and innate immune responses. NO is an important mediator involved in many host defense action and may also lead to a harmful host response to bacterial infection. However, given the importance of iNOS in a variety of pathophysiological conditions, control of its expression and signaling events in response to LPS has been the subject of considerable investigation. Materials and Methods: The Raw264.7 macrophage cell line was used to observe LPS-stimulated iNOS expression. The expression of iNOS is observed by Western blot analysis and real-time RT-PCR. Protein kinase C $(PKC)-{\alpha}$ overexpressing Raw264.7 cells are established to determine the involvement of $PKC-{\alpha}$ in LPS-mediated iNOS expression. $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity is measured by $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation and $NF-{\kappa}B$ luciferase activity assay. Results: We found that various PKC isozymes regulate LPS-induced iNOS expression at the transcriptional and translational levels. The involvement of $PKC-{\alpha}$ in LPS-mediated iNOS induction was further confirmed by increased iNOS expression in $PKC-{\alpha}$ overexpressing cells. $NF-{\kappa}B$ dependent transactivation by LPS was observed and $PKC-{\alpha}$ specific inhibitory peptide abolished this activation, indicating that $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation is dependent on $PKC-{\alpha}$. Conclusion: Our data suggests that $PKC-{\alpha}$ is involved in LPS-mediated iNOS expression and that its downstream target is $NF-{\kappa}B$. Although $PKC-{\alpha}$ is a crucial mediator in the iNOS regulation, other PKC isozymes may contribute LPS-stimulated iNOS expression. This finding is needed to be elucidated in further study.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.334-341
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• 1995

IB-AI-VIB2 및 IB-AI-VIB2 :Co2+ 결정을 고순도 원소를 출발 물질로 하고 iodine을 수송 매체로 사용하여 chemical transport reaction method로 성장시켰다. 성장된 결정의 결정구조는 chalcopyrite 구조였으며, energy gap은 direct band gap으로 3.514~1.814 eV 정도로 주어졌으며, cobalt를 불순물로 첨가할 때 energy gap은 감소하였다. IB-AI-VIB2 :Co2+ 결정에서 첨가된 cobalt가 모체결정의 Td symmetry site에 Co2+ ion으로 위치하여, Co2+ ion의 energy 준위 사이의 전자전이에 기인하는 불순물 광흡수 peaks가 나타났다. 이 불순물 광흡수 peaks에 결정장 이론을 적용하여 구산 1st-order spin-orbit coupling parameter(λ)는 -183~ -189cm-1정도였고, 2nd-order spin-orbit coupling parameter(P)는 225~239 cm-1정도였으며, crystal field parameter(Dq)는 328~395cm-1, Racah parameter(B)는 531~552cm-1정도였다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.361-364
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• 2001

Over an additive abelian group G of order g and for a given positive integer $\lambda$, a generalized Hadamard matrix GH(g, $\lambda$) is defined as a gλ$\times$gλ matrix[h(i, j)], where 1 $\leq i \leqg\lambda and 1 \leqj \leqg\lambda$, such that every element of G appears exactly $\lambd$atimes in the list h($i_1, 1) -h(i_2, 1), h(i_1, 2)-h(i_2, 2), …, h(i_1, g\lambda) -h(i_2, g\lambda), for any i_1\neqi_2$. In this paper, we propose a new method of expanding a GH(g^m, \lambda_1) = B = [B_{ij}] over G^m$ by replacing each of its m-tuple B_{ij} with B_{ij} + GH(g, $\lambda_2) where m = g\lambda_2. We may use g^m/\lambda_1 (not necessarily all distinct) GH(g, \lambda_2$)s for the substitution and the resulting matrix is defined over the group of order g.

• 한국독어학회지:독어학
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• 제7집
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• pp.105-125
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• 2003

Personal- und Reflexivpronomen stehen in einer komplementaren Beziehung zueinander. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, welches von beiden Pronomen verschiedenen AcI-Konstruktionen jeweils richtig ist Vor allem stelle ich hier die These auf, dass Grammatik in erster Linie ein Regelwerk ist und dass dernzufolge $S\"{a}tze$ mit gleicher Struktur immer einheitlich und konsistent mit denselben Regeln $erkl\"{a}rt$ werden sollten: (1) a. Der Gefangen $l\"{a}sst$ den Polizisten auf ${\ast}sich_i/ihn_i$ achten. b. $Hans_i{\;}l\"{a}sst$ Maria zu $sich_i/{\ast}ihm_i$ kommen. (2) a. $Peter_i$ sieht Hans von ${\ast}sich_i/ihm_i$ betrogen. b. $Hans_i{\;}f\"{u}hlt$ die Freundin von $sich_i/{\ast}ihm_i$ weggezogen. Bei diesen Beispielen liegt der Verteilungsunterschied der Pronomina nicht an Grammatikregeln sondern am individuellen Sprachgebrauch. Ferner wird hier darauf hingewiesen, dass die AcI-Verben mit Ausnahme des Verbs lassen a1s 3-wertige Verben so wie die $S\"{a}tze$ in Beispiel (3) zu behandein sind D.h., die Struktur $f\"{u}r$ AcI-Konstruktionen sieht so aus wie (4b), nicht wie (4a). Betrachten wir dies noch einmal an einem Beispiel: (3) a. Ich sehe mich $m\"{u}de$ b. Ich $f\"{u}hle$ mich viel besser.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제26권3_4호
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• pp.457-469
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• 2008

In this paper, we study the existence of positive solutions for the following nonlinear m-point boundary value problem with p-Laplacian: $\{{{{(\phi_p(u'))'\;+\;f(t,u(t))=0, \;0<t<1,} \atop u'(0)={\sum}{^{m-2}_{i=1}}\;a_iu'(\xi_i),} \atop u(1)={\sum}{^k_{i=1}}\;b_iu(\xi_i)\;-\;{\sum}{^s_{i=k+1}}\;b_iu(\xi_i)\;-\;{\sum}{^{m-2}_{i=s+1}}\;b_iu'(xi_i),}$ where ${\phi}_p(s)$ is p-Laplacian operator, i.e., ${\phi}_p(s)=\mid s\mid^{p-2}s$, p>1, ${\phi}_q\;=\;({\phi}_p)^{-1}$, $\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}=1$, $1\;{\leq}\;k\;{\leq}\;s\;{\leq}m\;-\;2$, $b_i\;{\in}\;(0,+{\infty})$ with $0\;<\;{\sum}{^k_{k=1}}\;b_i\;-\;{\sum}{^s_{i=k+1}}\;b_i\;<\;1$, $0\;<\;{\sum}{^{m-2}_{i=1}}\la_i\;<\;1$, $0\;<\;{\xi}_1\;<\;{\xi}_2\;<\;{\cdots}\;<\;{\xi}_{m-2}\;<\;1$, $f\;{\in}\;C([0,\;1]\;{\times}\;[0,\;+{\infty}),\;[0,\;+{\infty}))$. We show that there exists one or two positive solutions by using fixed-point theorem for operator on a cone. The conclusions in this paper essentially extend and improve the known results.