• Title/Summary/Keyword: B-Class

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래치구조의 드라이브 증폭단을 이용한 2단 전력 증폭기 (A Two-Stage Power Amplifier with a Latch-Structured Pre-Amplifier)

  • 최영식;최혁환
    • 한국정보통신학회논문지
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.295-300
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    • 2005
  • 본 논문에서는 블루투스 Class-1에 응용 가능한 중심주파수 2.4CHz의 2단 Class E 전력 증폭기를 설계하였다. 전력 증폭기는 고효율 특성을 위해 소프트-스위칭을 하는 Class E로 설계하였다. 증폭기 가 포함된 래치-구조의 구동증폭기는 다음단의 전력 증폭기를 소프트-스위칭 모드로 동작시키기 위해 빠른 상승시간과 하강시간의 출력신호를 만든다. 이 구조는 전력 증폭기의 효율특성을 개선시킨다. 제안한 전력 증폭기는 65.8$\%$의 전력부가효율, 20dBm의 출력전력과 20dB의 전력이득을 나타낸다.

FIXED POINTS OF BETTER ADMISSIBLE MAPS ON GENERALIZED CONVEX SPACES

  • Park, Se-Hie
    • 대한수학회지
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    • 제37권6호
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    • pp.885-899
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    • 2000
  • We obtain generalized versions of the Fan-Browder fixed point theorem for G-convex spaces. We define the class B of better admissible multimaps on G-convex spaces and show that any closed compact map in b fro ma locally G-convex uniform space into itself has a fixed point.

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Characterizations of Several Modules Relative to the Class of B(M, X)

  • Talebi, Yahya;Hosseinpour, Mehrab
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • 제53권1호
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    • pp.37-47
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    • 2013
  • Let M and X be right R-modules. We introduce several modules relative to the class of B(M, X) and we investigate relation among these modules. In this note, we show if M is X-${\oplus}$-supplemented such that $M=M_1{\oplus}M_2$ implies $M_1$ and $M_2$ are relatively B-projective, then M is an X-H-supplemented module.

정상교합 및 III급부정교합의 두개악안면 골격요소에 관한 두부방사선계측학적 연구 (A ROENTGENOCEPHALOMETRIC STUDY ON MORPHOLOGIC FACTORS OF NORMAL OCCLUSION AND CLASS III MALOCCLUSION)

  • 김정호;서정훈
    • 대한치과교정학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.23-32
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    • 1987
  • There are variations in regional cranial and facial balance as a normal developmental process and regional imbalances often tend to compensate each other to provide functional equilibrium. This study was designed to analyse the patterns of morphologic harmony and inharmony inherent in normal occlusion and malocclusion. The subjects consisted of 92 individuals with normal occlusion and 60 Class III malocclusion patients. Their lateral cephalograms were traced and analysed using the counterpart analysis described by Enlow. The normal occlusion group was divided into Normal Types A and B according to the relative positions of Points A and B. The following conclusions were reached: 1 The normal occlusion consisted of $28.3\%$ of Normal Type A and $69.6\%$ of Normal Type B. 2. The Normal Type A and B differed from each other in the morphology of the cranial base, the mandibular ramus and corpus, and the functional occlusal plane. The Normal Type B showed considerable mandibular protrusion effect in the effective dimension and alignment of the above factors. 3. Most normal individuals showed some degree of disharmony among morphologic factors but the deviations were relatively small. 4. The Normal Type B was less balanced than the Normal Type A. 5. More regional imbalances were involved in Class III malocclusion and the imbalances were more severe.

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스위칭 모드 E급 주파수 체배기 설계 (The Design of the Class E Swiching Frequency Multiplier)

  • 노희정;서춘원
    • 조명전기설비학회논문지
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    • 제23권10호
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    • pp.90-99
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    • 2009
  • 본 논문에서는 고효율 특성을 가지는 E급 주파수 체배기 설계를 제안하였다. 주파수 체배기는 2.9[GHz] 입력신호에 대하여 주파수 체배방식을 사용해 5.8[GHz] 출력신호를 얻도록 설계되어졌다. 또한 본 논문에서는 E급 주파수 체배기를 설계 및 제작하여 그 특성을 연구하였다. 측정결과, 2.9/5.8[GHz] E급 주파수 체배기는 출력전력 24.5[dBm]에서 최대 8.5[dB]의 변환 이득을 가지며 최대 32[%]의 고효율 특성을 보였다. 제작한 E급 주파수 체배기에 디지털 사전왜곡 선형화 기법을 적용하였다. 측정결과, 선형화 후의 출력스펙트럼은 중심주파수에서 각각 +11[MHz], +20[MHz], +30[MHz] offset인 주파수에서 적응형 선형화방식이 아닌 경우와 비교하여 12[dB], 12[dB], 13[dB]의 ACPR 특성이 향상되었으며, IEEE 802.11a 무선랜 송신스펙트럼 마스크 규격을 만족하였다. 54[Mbps] 전송속도를 가지는 64-QAM 변조방식에 따른 선형화 후의 EVM은 3.83[%]로 IEEE 802.11a 송신부 EVM 규격을 만족하였다. 본 논문의 결과는 주파수 체배기를 디지털사전 왜곡 선형화를 통해 선형성과 효율성 모두를 보상할 수 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 주파수 체배기를 이용한 WLAN/셀룰러/PCS/WCDMA 등의 다양한 모듈 설계에 유용하게 활용 가능할 것이다.

Relationship between Class III malocclusion and hyoid bone displacement during swallowing: a cine-magnetic resonance imaging study

  • Gokce, Sila Mermut;Gokce, Hasan Suat;Gorgulu, Serkan;Karacay, Seniz;Akca, Eralp;Olmez, Huseyin
    • 대한치과교정학회지
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    • 제42권4호
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    • pp.190-200
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    • 2012
  • Objective: The displacement of the hyoid bone (HB) is a critical biomechanical component of the swallowing function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the swallowing-induced vertical and horizontal displacements of the HB in subjects with 2 different magnitudes of skeletal Class III malocclusion, by means of real-time, balanced turbo-field-echo (B-TFE) cine-magnetic resonance imaging. Methods: The study population comprised 19 patients with mild skeletal Class III malocclusion, 16 with severe skeletal Class III malocclusion, and 20 with a skeletal Class I relationship. Before the commencement of the study, all subjects underwent cephalometric analysis to identify the nature of skeletal malformations. B-TFE images were obtained for the 4 consecutive stages of deglutition as each patient swallowed 10 mL of water, and the vertical and horizontal displacements of the HB were measured at each stage. Results: At all stages of swallowing, the vertical position of the HB in the severe Class III malocclusion group was significantly lower than those in the mild Class III and Class I malocclusion groups. Similarly, the horizontal displacement of the HB was found to be significantly associated with the severity of malocclusion, i.e., the degree of Class III malocclusion, while the amount of anterior displacement of the HB decreased with an increase in the severity of the Class III deformity. Conclusions: Our findings indicate the existence of a relationship between the magnitude of Class III malocclusion and HB displacement during swallowing.

한국 젊은이의 안면미 선호경향에 관한 연구 : 얼굴의 측모평가를 중심으로 (A STUDY ON THE FACIAL ESTHETIC PREFERENCES AMONG KOREAN YOUTHS: ASSESSMENT OF PROFILE PREFERENCES)

  • 송세진;최익찬
    • 대한치과교정학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.881-920
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    • 1992
  • This study was designed to assess profile preferences among Korean youths in the year 1992. Facial esthetics was evaluated by means of silhouette profiles, eliminating the influence of a number of aspects that may affect judgment when normal lateral photographs are used. The main points of preference to be clarified here are as follows. First, on facial convexity, Second, on nasion depth, Third, on mentolabial sulcus depth, Fourth, on the position of upper and lower lips, Fifth, on facial type according to Angle's classification of malocclusion, Sixth, on Song's tangents. The 54 subjects printed in questionnaire as black and white silhouettes were selected from 300 tracings from cephalometric radiographs of people whose age ranging from 11 to 20 years. Photographs of six female subjects were retouched by computer graphic software and printed in color and black/white photographs which were used for adaptation of eyes of participants in selecting profiles in silhouette. They constitute 2 questions. The 54 subjects were grouped as 22 questions, each of them composed of 6 subjects, according to the aspects to be clarified. Twenty four questions in total were asked to assess profile preferences. For the assessment, the profile line, the facial esthetic triangle, Song's tangents, and Angle's classification of malocclusion were introduced. The profile line is composed of 11 component points which are Trichion, Glabella, Nasion, Pronasale, Subnasale, Labrale superius, Stomion, Labrale inferius, Supramentale, Pogonion, and Gnathion. The facial esthetic triangle is composed of 3 tangents: A-tangent which is the tangent of dorsum of nose, B-tangent which is the line passing through Sn and Ls, and C-tangent which is drawn on the turning point of the curve which lies between mentolabial sulcus (Sm) and pogonion (Pg). Angle's classification has 3 types of malocclusion which are Class I, Class II, and Class III. Class II malocclusion is subdivided into Division 1 and Division 2. The participants of the survey were composed of 861 college students (448 male students, 413 female students) whose majors grouped as Fine Arts. Liberal Arts, and Natural Sciences, and whose mean age 21.8 years. The statistics program SPSS/PC + of SPSS Inc. was used to analyze answers of participants. Crosstabulation, Chi-square test, and Kendall test were done. The conclusions are as follows: First, Korean youths have a tendency to prefer the slightly convex face to the flat or concave face. Second, they prefer a moderately deep nasion. Third, they prefer a moderately deep mentolabial sulcus. Fourth, they prefer the position of lips which are near to Ricketts' E-line. The position of the upper lip which is slightly posterior to E-line is preferred. The upper lip which lies too far anterior or posterior to the lower lip is not perferred. Fifth, they prefer most, according to Angle's Classification of Malocclusion, Class I facial profile which has a slight inclination to Class II division 2. The order of preference is Class I, Class II division 2, Class III, and Class II division 1. Sixth, they prefer the type 2 and 3 of Song's tangents. The facial profile within which A-and B-tangent meet is preferred. The facial profile which has Cotangent that .meets with A-tangent slightly posterior to the crossing point of A-and B-tangent or that parallels with B-tangent is preferred.

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CONTRACTIONS OF CLASS Q AND INVARIANT SUBSPACES

  • DUGGAL, B.P.;KUBRUSLY, C.S.;LEVAN, N.
    • 대한수학회보
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.169-177
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    • 2005
  • A Hilbert Space operator T is of class Q if $T^2{\ast}T^2-2T{\ast}T + I$ is nonnegative. Every paranormal operator is of class Q, but class-Q operators are not necessarily normaloid. It is shown that if a class-Q contraction T has no nontrivial invariant subspace, then it is a proper contraction. Moreover, the nonnegative operator Q = $T^2{\ast}T^2-2T{\ast}T + I$ also is a proper contraction.

THE DIVISOR CLASS GROUP OF SURFACES OVER FINITE FIELDS

  • Choi, Sang-Ki
    • 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.269-274
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    • 2011
  • We investigate the divisor class group of surfaces over finite fields. For some surfaces the divisor class group depends on the characteristic of the field. We calculate the determinant of a matrix which will provide an information about the divisor class group of the surfaces.