• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.373-380
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• 2001

Marek's disease virus (MDV) can cause skin lesions including inflammatory to tumorous. The phenotypical changes of lymphocytes infiltrating in the skin lesions induced by MDV were not clear. Therefore, the skin biopsies taken at weekly intervals for 8 weeks from the same specific-pathogen free chickens inoculated with Md/5 MDV were examined to analysis the phenotypical changes of lymphocytes. Histologically skin lesions progressed from initial inflammatory to late tumorous. Sequentially CD4+ T lymphocytes increased gradually in number from initial skin lesions and were major composition cells in the tumor lesions. Regardless of inflammatory or tumor lesions, CD8+ T cells and ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells infiltrated particularly in the dermis and subcutaneous on which MDV was actively replicated in the feather follicle epithelium(FFE). In addition, IgG bearing B lymphocytes in considerable number infiltrated in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. From these results, the development of MDV-induced skin lesions was inflammatory following tumorous. In addition, each CD8+, ${\gamma}{\delta}$ and CD4+ T cells and B cell might act to protect MDV replication in the FFE or tumor cells which turned on lytic cycle.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1270-1275
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• 2008

Effects of polysaccharide fraction from Euonymus alatus Sieb(EPF) on the immune response of T-, B-lymphocytes and macrophages were examined in vitro and in vivo system. EPF (500 mg/kg) were administered p.o. twice a day for 5 days to C57BL/6 mice, and then the cells were separated from mice. EPF decreased the viability of thymocytes, but increased the viability of splenocytes in vitro and in vivo system. Also, the administration of EPF enhanced the population of helper T cell and cytotoxic T cell in thymocytes and did not affect the population of splenocytes. Furthermore, EPF enhanced the phagocytic activity and the production of nitric oxide in peritoneal macro phages in vivo system. These results suggest that EPF regulates an immune response via the enhancement of mature T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes viability and phagocytic activity of macrophages.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.291-296
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• 2000

To evaluate the biological effects of boxthorn (Lycium chinense Mill.) extracts on the immune response systems, the mitogenic effects were tested by LPS (lipopolysaccharide) and Con A (concanavalin A) using water extracts from various parts of Lycium chinense Mill. The proliferation of B-lymphocytes which were activated by the mitogen, LPS, was markedly increased in the concentration of 0.1mg/ml to 0.5mg/ml, but inhibited in more than 0.5mg/ml. It increased only proliferation of B-lymphocytes but not that of T-lymphocytes by Con A. There was no difference between boxthorn species in immune response. Water extracts of various parts in boxthorn enhanced the humoral immune response which was related to B-lymphocytes.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.25-35
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Boheo-tang (B) and Boheo-tang plus cervi pantotrichum cornu (B+CP) on immune response in postpartum C57BL/6N mice. Methods: Normal saline(control), B and B+CP (8${\mu}{\ell}$/g) were administerd p.o. twice a day for 20 days. Subpopulation of T and B lymphocyte were accessed by flow cytometric analysis. Results: Splenic T and B lymphocytes were increased by the treatment of B. Subpopulation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the spleen, were significantly increased by both treatment of B and B+CP. Subpopulation of cytotoxic T lymphcytes in the thymus, were significantly increased by both treatment of B and B+CP. IL-4 production was significantly increased by the treatment of B+CP. Conclusion: This study shows that treatment of Boheo-tang and Boheo-tang plus cervi pantotrichum cornu can improve postpartum immune response in C57BL/6N mice.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.95-109
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• 1996

This work was carried out to investigate the functional heterogeneity of peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBLs) in carp, Cyprinus carpio. PHA, Con A, LPS and BCG were injected intraperitoneally into carp to determine the blastogenic response and rosette formation activity. In each group of fish treated with stimulators, the cell numbers and DNA contents of lymphocytes were higher than those of untreated control group and reached the highest level between 1 week and 2 weeks after injection with mitogens. These results showed that BCG and Con A were strong stimulators of proliferation compared to PHA and LPS. However, PHA-treated fish twice showed the highest rosette formation response among the consecutive stimulations with the same mitogen. Alase, the results on consecutive mitogen stimulation revealed that carps reinjected by different mitogens led to an increased stimulation higher than the one reinjected after 1 week with same mitogen. It seems that different mitogens may stimulate different cell populations and implies functionally separated subpopulations of lymphocytes in carp.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.525-530
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• 1989

In order to enumerate the T-lymphocytes in bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by E rosette assay, KGRBC were treated with various concentrations of 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide(AET) and dextran(Dex), singly or in combination. To further standardize the assay, optimum concentration of AET- and/or Dex-treatment and incubation time for rosette forming cell(RFC) counts were determined. The levels of B-lymphocytes in the PBL were evaluated by erythzocyte-antibody($EA_{Fc}$)- and erythrocyte-antibody-complement (EAC)-rosetting techniques. The results obtained were as follows; The PBL from 20 clinically normal Korean cattle were formed as low percentage of spontaneous E-rosette ($6.7{\pm}2.4%$) in control group, whereas in KGRBC treated with 0.1M AET for 20 minutes and 8% Dex were formed as $37.3{\pm}2.7%$ and $45.1{\pm}2.1%$, respectively. And the synergistic effects were noted no less than $66.5{\pm}5.6%$ when the KGRBC treated with 0.1M AET and 8% Dex subsequently and rate of RFR did not change significantly between 3~24 hours incubation time at $4^{\circ}C$, EA-and EAC-RFR were $23.3{\pm}9.1%$ and $23.1{\pm}7.9%$, respectively. These results suggest that the KGRBC would be a useful agent for the enumeration of T-lymphocytes by E rosette assay and B-lymphocytes by EA- or EAC-rosette assay in cattle-PBL.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.51.1-51.1
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• 1982

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2014

Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica is a causative agent of swine atrophic rhinitis that promotes colonization of the mucous membrane of the swine nasal cavity by Pasteurella (P.) multocida. Mixed infection with B. bronchiseptica and P. multocida leads to growth inhibition of pigs, resulting in significant economic loss. There are many commercial vaccines for atrophic rhinitis, including B. bronchiseptica as a killed vaccine antigen (Ag). However, the immunogenicity of killed B. bronchiseptica Ag has not yet been elucidated; therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the immunogenicity of killed B. bronchiseptica Ag and the type of immune response it induces. In vitro assays using mouse spleen cells and flow cytometry revealed that B. bronchiseptica Ag induced high proliferation capability of lymphocytes, especially B lymphocytes, and the proliferating cells showed a significant response to interleukin (IL)-2. B. bronchiseptica Ag also enhanced the production of IL-12, a representative cytokine for cell-mediated immunity. In vivo experiments using mice showed that the injection of B. bronchiseptica Ag markedly induced Ag-specific antibody. Taken together, these results indicate that B. bronchiseptica Ag has high immunogenicity by itself.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.398-403
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• 1999

In our previous studies, we reported that hybridoma B-lymphocytes can be used to determine the virulence of Listeria species in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. Here, we examined the cytopathic effect, i.e., membrane damage and the nature of cell death induced by Listeria monocytogenes on murine hybridoma B-lymphocytes (Ped-2E9). Membrane damage was assessed by microscopic analyses and by measuring the release of intracellular alkaline phosphatase(AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Cell death was determined by DNA fragmentation analyses using agarose gel electrophoresis. Infection by listeriolysin O (LLO)-producing L. monocytogenes strains induced substantial amounts of AP and LDH release from Ped-2E9 hybridoma B-cells, suggesting severe membrane damage in these cells, while an LLO-negative L. monocytogenes mutant strain had no effect. An LLO-producing recombinant L. innocua ($prifA^+hly^+$) strain also induced high AP and LDH release and cytopathic changes in Ped-2E9 cells. Light or scanning electron microscopic examination revealed L. monocytogenes mediated membrane destabilization, pore formation, intense cytoplasmic granulation, bleb formation, and lysis of Ped-2E9 cells. LLO-producing L. monocytogenes and L. innocua ($prifA^{+}hly{^}+$) also induced ladder-like DNA fragmentation in Ped-2E9 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that L. monocytogenes, specifically LLO-producing strains, can induce a severe cytopathic effect leading to apoptosis in hybridoma B-lymphocytes (Ped-2E9).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.317-340
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• 1993

This study was designed 1) to compare the distributions of periapical inflammatory cells and 2) to identify lymphocytes and compare the lymphocyte distribution with T lymphocyte subpopulation and then 3) to examine the distribution of cycling cell in human dental periapical lesions. From each of the twenty-five human dental periapical lesions observed one small portion was fixed, embeded in paraffin, sectioned serially and stained with HE. The periapical inflammatory cells were counted to obtain the relative concentration of lymphocyte, plasma cell, macrophage and neutrophil. The large part of each lesion was analysed using Flow cytometer and monoclonal antibodies to obtain the relative concentration of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, T'helper cell and T suppressor/cytotoxic cell. In addition to that, seven human dental periapical lesions were examined with DNA analysis to observe the distribution of cycling cell. Following results were obtained: 1. 24 cases of the 32 periapical lesions examined were diagnosed as periapical granuloma and the remaining 8 cases as periapical cyst. Lymphocytes comprised 42.1% of total inflammatory cells in periapical granuloma and 41.8% in periapical cyst. Corresponding percentages for macrophages were 33.8% and 30.3%; for plasma cells, 15.9% and 19.0%; for neutrophils, 8.2% and 8.8%. 2. All of the periapical lesions examined had T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, T helper cell, T suppressor/cytotoxic cell. And in all cases, T lymphocytes were observed predominantly more than B lymphocytes. 3. In 2 cases of the control group only T lymphocytes were found, and in the remaining 2 cases T lymphocytes were observed predominantly. 4. T helper cells were observed predominantly more than T suppressor/cytotoxic cells in all cases of perapical granulomas. 5. T suppressor/cytotoxic cells were observed predominantly more than T helper cells in 4 cases of periapical cysts (total 5 cases were examined) and only in one case T helper cells were more than T suppressor/cytotoxic cells. 6. In control group, T helper cells were predominant in 2 cases and T helper cells were equivalent to T suppressor/cytotoxic cells in one case. In remaining one case T suppressor/cytotoxic cells were predominant. 7. As the result of DNA analysis, the average proliferating indices of the various groups examined were measured as follows: in the control group 5.45%, in periapical granuloma 6.64%, in periapical cyst 10.1%. The highest index was observed in periapical cyst.