• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.361-364
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• 2000

To remove nitrogen compound from wastewater six kinds of bacillus were isolated from sludge. Each bacillus was identified as B. subtillis $I{cdot}II$, B. cereus $I{cdot}II$, B. anthracis, B. circulans. The test of effect of nutrient and cofector on the nitrogen removal showed that peptone, yeast extract, magnesium, iron, and calsium accerated the efficiency of nitrogen removal. In syringe test aerobic nitrification and denitrification was occured.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.811-815
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• 2011

Inhalational anthrax is caused by B. anthracis, a virulent sporeforming bacterium which secretes anthrax toxins consisting of protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF). LF is a Zn-dependent metalloprotease and is the main determinant in the pathogenesis of anthrax. Here we report the identification of a lead small-molecule inhibitor of anthrax lethal factor by screening an available synthetic small-molecule inhibitor library using fluorescence-based high-throughput screening (HTS) approach. Seven small molecules were found to have inhibitory effect against LF activity, among which SM157 had the highest inhibitory activity. All theses small molecule inhibitors inhibited LF in a noncompetitive inhibition mode. SM157 and SM167 are from the same family, both having an identical group complex, which is predicted to insert into S1' pocket of LF. More potent small-molecule inhibitors could be developed by modifying SM157 based on this identical group complex.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2014

Shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., has been considered a health food for centuries in Asia and is known to contain the isothiocyanate compound sulforaphane. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of a sulforaphane-containing solution (SCS) isolated from shepherd's purse. SCS had significant anti-inflammatory activity indicated by the decreased levels of nitric oxide (NO), cytokines (interleukin $1{\beta}$ [IL-$1{\beta}$], IL-6, and IL-10), and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. In addition, SCS decreased the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) levels, which confirmed the anti- inflammatory activity of SCS. Further, SCS inhibited vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and Bacillus anthracis. The minimal inhibitory concentration was $250{\mu}g/ml$ for VRE and $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ for B. anthracis. Taken together, these data indicate that SCS has potential anti-inflammatory and anti-superbacterial properties, and thus it can be used as a functional food or pharmaceutical.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.176-180
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• 1989

Four bacterial strains having inducible resistance to erythromycin were isolated from soil samples in Korea and characterized. MLS inducibility was checked in each strain. Cloning of inducible resistance gene(s) has been tried. Four isolates were identified as B. anthracis, Micrococcus luteus, Streptococcus faecium and B. licheniformis, in which erythromycin, oleandomycin, cirramycin and carbomycin acted as resistance inducers respectively. The resistance gene cloned from B, licheniformis 597 strain using pBS 42 vector was found to have a 3.2 kb insert.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.614-622
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• 2013

Daqu, a traditional fermentation starter, has been used to produce attractively flavored foods such as vinegar and Chinese liquor for thousands of years. Although Bacillus spp. are one of the dominant microorganisms in Daqu, more precise information is needed to reveal why and how Bacillus became dominant in Daqu, and next, to assess the impact of Bacillus sp. on Daqu and its derived products. We combined culture-dependent and culture-independent methods to study the ecology of Bacillus during Daqu incubation. Throughout the incubation, 67 presumptive Bacillus spp. isolates were obtained, 52 of which were confirmed by 16S rDNA sequencing. The identified organisms belonged to 8 Bacillus species: B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. cereus, B. circulans, B. megaterium, B. pumilus, and B. anthracis. A primer set specific for Bacillus and related genera was used in a selective PCR study, followed by a nested DGGE PCR targeting the V9 region of the 16S rDNA. Species identified from the PCR-DGGE fingerprints were related to B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. pumilus, B. benzoevorans, and B. foraminis. The predominant species was found to be B. licheniformis. Certain B. licheniformis strains exhibited potent antimicrobial activities. The greatest species diversity occurred at the Liangmei stage of Daqu incubation. To date, we lack sufficient knowledge of Bacillus distribution in Daqu. Elucidating the ecology of Bacillus during Daqu incubation would enable the impact of Bacillus on Daqu to be accessed, and the quality and stabilization of Daqu-derived products to be optimized.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.960-968
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• 2011

A series of isonicotinyl hydrazones and their 4-thiazolidinones have been synthesized by condensation of isonicotinic acid hydrazide with various aromatic aldehydes to yield Schiff's bases, followed by the cyclocondensation of Schiff's bases with 2-mercaptoacetic acid to yield their 4-thiazolidinones. The synthesized compounds have been characterized by their elemental, analytical and spectral studies. All these compounds were evaluated for their invitro antimicrobial activity against a spectrum of non-resistant and resistant microbial organisms. These studies proved that compounds 5e,i against B. subtilis; 5e,f,h against B. anthracis; 5g,i against S. aureus showed good activity at lower concentrations. Compounds 5d-5i displayed significant activity against resistant strain of K. pneumonia with minimum inhibitory potency in the concentration range of 2-16 ug/ml.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 1970

Due to the fact that an inactivated anthrax vaccine may lark its immunogenicity and stability of immunogen a number of spore vaccines were exclusively used worldwide. In these studies a number of important factors were emphasized to achieve the following: selection of non or less allergic strain of anthrax bacillus, capsulation of bacteria. obtaining of non sporulating but vegetative organisms, adequate inactivation of B. anthraccis by means of formalin, adsorption of immunogen to aluminum hydroxide gel. Non or less allergic strains of anthrax bacillus which is inactivated with formalin was selected by a hyperimmunization and shock test in rabbits. Obtaining capsular material and vegetative immunogen, a virulent anthrax organisms were cultivated on sodium bicarbonate medium with of without adding of l-alanine in which B, anthracis grew luxuriantly without forming spores. Inactivation was carried out at $37^{\circ}C$ water bath for 3 days after the bacterial culture was mixed with formalin, in a final concentration of two per cent of formalin. Aluminum hydroxide gel was added to the mixture of anthrax and blackleg bacterin. Vaccines were injected guinea pig via subcutaneous or intramusoular route and challenged after three weeks and the possibilities of protection was tested. Throughout the studies. the above mentioned vaccines possibly protected the vaccinated guinea pigs more than 80 per cent compared to that of the controls. This experimental results strongly suggest that the vaccine may possibly applicable to bovine.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.415-425
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• 2013

This study compared the characteristics of five Bacillus strains capable of aerobic and anaerobic growth, CBW3, CBW4, CBW9, CBW14 and EBW10. They were isolated and selected from a polychaete, Perinereis aibuhitensis, which is known as a good degrader of organic compounds in marine wetland. Based on a 16S rRNA sequence, CBW3 and CBW14 were found to share more than 99.8% similarity with B. nanhaiensis, B. arsenicus and B. barbaricus. CBW4, CBW9 and EBW10 shared 92.7%, 99.8%, and 99.8% similarity with B. anthracis, B. algicoa and B. thuringiensis, respectively. The temperature, salinity, and pH ranges of the cell growth of the Bacillus strains were $4-45^{\circ}C$, 0-17%, and pH 5-pH 9, respectively. All Bacillus strains were found to exhibit enzyme activities for the degradation of casein and starch. Notably, strain EBW10 exhibited the enzyme activities for all the tested macromolecules, DNA, casein, starch, cellulose, and four kinds of Tweens, which suggests the possibility that it had protease, amylase, cellulose, and lipase. All five Bacillus strains had alkaline phosphatase activities, and the strains CBW3, CBW4, and EBW10 also had acid phospatase. Strains CBW3 and EBW10 exhibited the enzyme activities both for esterase (C4) and esterase lipase (C8). The analysis of fatty acids revealed that in all strains, major fatty acids were anteiso $C_{15:0}$ and iso $C_{15:0}$.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2008

This study attempted to develop the technology by gaseous ozone for decontaminating building affected by a model of biological weapon agent(Bacillus subtilis spores) instead of Bacillus anthracis spore. The use of ozone is attractive method from a practical point of view of decontamination procedure since it has strong oxidation power but no residue after application. We examined the disinfection efficiency of gaseous ozone to Bacillus subtilis spores which suspension was sprayed on different material surfaces and dried. Three different types of gaseous ozone was applied : dry ozone, dry ozone with humidified air, and water bubbled wet ozone. Dry ozone(1500ppm) failed to achieve any significant inactivation for 2hrs. However, six log reduction of B. subtilis spore was achieved within 30min by 1500ppm of water bubbled wet ozone. This result shows the noticeable inactivation efficiency by gaseous ozone compared with previous studies. Good performance by wet ozone was also found for military material surface.(i.e. : gas mask hood, protective garments, army peinted metal surface).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 1972

Due to the fact that an inactivated anthrax vaccine may show no or lower immunogenicity and stability, a number of spore vaccines were exclusively used worldwide. In these studies non or less allergic strain of anthrax bacillus was selected and made a capsulated vegetative organisms. Anthrax organisms of a virulent strain were cultivated on sodium bicarbonate medium with or without adding I-alanine in which B. anthracis grew luxuriantly without forming spores. Inactivation of the organisims was carried out at $37^{\circ}C$ water bath for 3 days after the bacterial culture was mixed with formalin in a final concentration of two per cent. Aluminum hydroxide gel was added to the mixture of anthrax and blackleg bacterin. Guinea pigs were injected with the vaccine via subcutaneous or intramuscular route and challenged after three weeks, and the possibilities of protection was tested. Throughout the studies, the vaccines possibly protected the vaccinated guinea pigs more than 80 per cent compared to that of the controls. This experimental results strongly suggest that the vaccine may possibly applicable to the prevention of bovine anthrax and blackleg.