• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.18-34
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• 2008

Based on external morphology, each of five species can be classified into three groups: 1) B. falcatum group (B. falcatum, B. scorzonerifolium), 2) B. euphorbioides group (B. euphorbioides) and 3) B. longiradiatum group (B. longiradiatum, B. latissimum). B. falcatum group has cauline leaves linear or lanceolate in shape and attenuate at base and not surrounding the stem. In contrast, B. longiradiatum group and B. euphorbioides group have cauline leaves ovate, lanceolate or panduriform in shape and auriculate or cordate at base and completely surrounding the stem. The inflorescence is basically compound umbels terminated at the apex of stem. But B. euphorbioides group is small in size and pedicels are rather short and the number of the pedicel is ca. 20. On the other hand, B. longiradiatum and B. falcatum groups are large in size and their pedicels are long and the number of the pedicel is around 10. The pore of pollen aperture of B. longiradiatum and B. latissimum is partially projected or not while those of B. falcatum group and B. euphorbioides is usually remarkably projected. The number of somatic chromosomes was counted as 2n=20 in B. falcatum, 2n=12 in B. scorzonerifolium and B. longiradiatum, and 2n=16 in B. euphorbioides and B. latissimum. Although chromosome numbers of B. euphorbioides and B. latissimum are the same, the two species are not likely to relate because the karyotypes of the two species are different from each other. Based on these observations, it can be concluded that B. latissimum is most closely related to B. longiradiatum. However, molecular data indicated that the species is probably related to B. bicaule distributed in central Siberia. In terms of conservation of B. latissimum, overexploitation by human and grazing by goat are most threatened factors.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.481-487
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• 1983

The need to synchronize flowering in two lines of different maturities is frequently encountered in hybrid com (Zea mays L.) seed production. To establish the methods for synchrony of flowering in parent lines of different maturities be effects of clipping at 4 and 6-leaf stages of growth and two levels, clear polyethylene mulching and five different planting dates on flowering date growth and seed yield of two dent com inbred lines of different maturities were evaluated Clipping just above the shoot-apex delayed pollen sheeding 6 to 9days and silking 5 to 13 days but reduced stand and seed yield 30 to 70% and 67 to 81%. respectively. Clipping 5cm above the shoot apex delayed flowering 1 to 4 days without stand reduction but reduced yield 3 to 29%. Laterclipping was slightly more effective for delaying flowering than earlier clipping but reduced stand more severely when clipped just above the shoot apex. Under clear polyethylene film mulching, flowering of two lines was 13 to 15 days earlier and seed yield of B68 (late line) was significantly increased. As planting was delayed from April 18 to June 13, the number of days from planting to flowering of two lines decreased due to increase in air temperature. However, growing degree days (GDD) from planting to flowering of each lines was similar regardless planting dates indicating that GDD can be satisfactoryly used for choosing the planting dates of parent lines of different maturities. Seed yields of two lines were decreased with delaying planting dates.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.12
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• pp.1-5
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• 1972

In order to compare the analytical efficiency of the Kjeldahal, Dye binding and Biurett method for the determination of nitrogen content in the brown rice, correlation coefficients were calculate with the analytical data obtained by the above mentioned 3 different methods for the brown rice of 36 varieties or lines grown at 5 different nitrogen levels (0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5 and 30.0kg/10a). Analysis of variance were made for the data of 6 varieties among those 36, and compared the precision of the data obtained by the 3 analytical methods. The expenditure (in terms of chemicals and labour) required for the 3 methods are also compared. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The correlation between D. B. C. and Kjeldahl value were generally more significant than the correlation between the value of Biurett and the value of Kjeldahl. But, the D. B. C. method generally overestimates than the Kjeldahl method at both extreme low and extreme high nitrogen contents, and the Biurett method includes more dispersed error than other two methods, though the optical values are parallel to the Kjeldahl nitrogen values at any levels of nitrogen applied. 2. The varietal difference in nitrogen value obtained by the 3 methods were different at the different nitrogen level applied. That is the interaction between variety and analytical method, and between the nitrogen level and analytical method were significant statistically. 3. The coefficient of variance (C, V.) was largest in the data analyzed by Biurett method and next in the data analayred by D. B. C. method. In the data analyzed by Biurett, the C. V. increased along onglong increase of nitrogen applied. But, in the data obtained by D. B. C. or Biurett the C. V. increased along the decrease of nitrogen applied. 4. From the comparison of the expenditure (in terms of chemicals and labour) required for the analysis of 100 samples by 3 methods, it was noticed that, the Biurett or D. B. C. method largely curtail the chemical expenditure and labour costs. Especially the Biurett method could curtail more labour costs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to identify genetic polymorphisms of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (mtDNA cyt b) gene in Korean black (KB) cattle breed and to analyze the genetic relationship between the KB and other breeds. We determined the complete sequence of the mtDNA cyt b gene in 38 KB cattle. We also analyzed their genetic diversity, and phylogenetic analysis was performed by comparison with Korean cattle (KC, called Hanwoo) and breeds from China and Japan. A nucleotide substitution was detected in the KB cattle, and two haplotypes were defined. In the neighbor-joining (NJ) tree, the haplotypes of KB were located in Bos taurus lineage with those of KC, Japanese black (JB), Yanbian and Zaosheng breeds. However, the haplotypes of Chinese breeds, excluding Yanbian and Zaosheng, were separated into B. taurus and B. indicus lineages. In the NJ tree of breeds based on Dxy genetic distances, Chinese breeds mixed with B. taurus and B. indicus lineages were located between B. indicus and B. taurus lineages. KB was contained within B. taurus lineage and was determined to be genetically more closely related to two Chinese (Yanbian and Zaosheng) breeds than to KC and JB. The haplotype distribution and the results of the phylogenetic analysis suggest that KB and KC have genetic differences in their mtDNA cyt b gene sequences.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.109-115
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• 2010

We investigated the morphological traits, hardness and color of fruting bodies on eight strains according to changes of the humidities in mushroom house in Flammulina velutipes. The morphological traits like length and thickness of stipe, diameter and thickness of pilei didn't show any relations to humidity. Variation of these traits were rather showed by strains. ASI 4065 and ASI 4031 produced the longest stipes and ASI 4103 did the shortest ones. Fruiting body of ASI 4103 showed the most thickness of stipe, diameter and thickness of pilei. The pilei of ASI 4065, ASI 4021 and the stipe of ASI 4153 was the thinest. Brightness (L) values of white strains were increased at the low humidity except ASI 4021. But chroma (a, b) value showed little variation according to the humidity. L value of brown strains usually increased at the low humidity and a chroma (a, b) value showed little variation according to the humidity. But the chroma (a) value of pilei increased and the chroma (b) value of pilei decreased at the hight humidity. Most strains were brighter at pilei than at stipes. Hardness were not any relations to the humidity. In general, hardness of stipes were higher than that of pilei and their degrees were different according to strains. Hardness of ASI 4021 was the highest and ASI 4166 was the lowest. White strains were higher than brown strains at the hardness. As a result, hardness was rather affected by strains than by humidity.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2013

The significance of environment change and genetic safety has been recently recognized by many genetically modified (GM) plants. This study was to evaluate the safety of drought-tolerant rice and to identify the environment variance. The GM rice of drought-tolerant rice and four check cultivars were analyzed the data on agronomic characters and principal component in large-GM crop field. There was no significant difference in agronomic characters between the drought-tolerant rice and donor plant, 'Ilmi'. Grain yield showed the standard deviation of the difference, did not significant statistically. Related to grain characters, grain appearance were similar to the drought-tolerant rice and donor plant, 'Ilmi'. In Chemical characters, brown rice of the drought-tolerant rice and a donor plant, 'Ilmi' did difference in starch and protein, however, was similar as 'Ilpum'. These results indicated that drought-tolerant rice may perform to detect genetic safety in GM plants progeny.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.223-229
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• 2000

Phylogenetic relationships between 8 species Korean loaches (Cobitidae) were investigated by comparing mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences. However our results are in accordance with finding observed using other morphological studies, new interesting interspecific variation in Korean loaches were found. Orthrias and Lefua appeared to be paraphyletic in Cobitidae observed. Their sequence divergence value was agreed with interfamilic sequence divergences between Cobitidae and Cyprinidae ranged from 0.184 to 0.272. Otherwise, the present results support that two species of Iksookimia and Cobitis melanoleuca were early diverged respectively. And another remarkable result was sequence divergence between Misgurnus anguillicaudatus from China and M. anguillicaudatus from Yongdok, Korea. That was 0.099, which was interspecific value. Also the phylogenetic location of some Iksookimia species was suggested as the cobitid intergeneric hybrid origin.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.26 no.4 s.73
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• pp.269-272
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• 1987

Effects of dithane flowable and dithane M-45 on the control of opium poppy downy mildew were examined under field conditions. Application of these two fungicides significantly reduced the disease and increased latex yield, compared to other non-systemic fungicides.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2017

One of the most important species, Brassica rapa encompasses a variety of commercial vegetables, such as the Chinese cabbage, pak choi and oilseed crops. The LP08 of yellow sarson (Brassica rapa ssp, tricolaris) have a distinct morphology, with yellow seed color and a unique tetralocular ovary. LP21 of pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp, chinensis) have a dark brown seed color and bilocular ovary. In this study, we generated double haploid plants by crossing the LP08 (maternal variety) and LP21 (paternal variety), using microspore culture. A total of 66 accessions with various morphological characteristics were used for content analysis of flavonoids. The three flavonoids, quercetin, naringenin and kaempferol, showed differing contents in the two crossing parents. The Chinese cabbage type 'Chiifu' was used as the control. The highest accumulation of total flavonoids was observed in LP08. The lowest mean total flavonoids were found in 'Chiifu'. Among the 66 DH accessions, the quercetin contents of 18 accessions showed higher content than LP08. Kaempferol content was also high, and was found to be 79.7% of the total flavonoid content. Naringenin content was low at 2.8%, and was not detected in 22 accessions. Interestingly, the quercetin content positively correlated with the kaempferol content. These results can be used to identify genetic locus and genes related to useful traits. Phenotypic analysis of 66 DH accessions can further be used for natural selection of good breeding materials in B. rapa.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.137-143
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• 1994

In an attempt to optimize the in vitro-regeneration conditions necessary for the genetic manipulation of tomato species, we examined several hybrid lines and wild species (peruvianum, pimpinellifolium, glandulosum) of Lycopersicon for. their, different regeneration ability. The basal medium used for callus growth and organogenesis was MSB (MS + B5) supplemented with three combinations of TDZ (Thidiazuron) 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L, BA 2.0mg/L+NAA0.05 mg/L, and zeatin 3.0 mg/L + IAA 0.02 mg/L. In the genotype of Lycopenicon grandulosum, combination of TDZ and NAA was more effective in inducing shoot and root differentiation than those of BA and NAA or zeatin and IAA. When all genotypes tested were considered, however combination of zeatin and IAA was shown to be the best in shoot regeneration. Result indicate that callus and organogenesis of Lycopenicon species are dependent upon the hormone types and plant genotypes, but MSB medium with zeatin 3.0 mg/L + IAA 0.02 mg/L maybe appropriate for genotype-independent plant regeneration system of Lycopercicon species. We also tried TDZ as a cytokinin source in tomato tissue culture and found it highly significant in tomato regeneration system.