• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1388-1396
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• 2003

The hydrodynamic instability of the three-dimensional boundary layer on a rotating disk introduces a periodic modulation of the mean flow in the form of stationary cross flow vortices. The instability labeled Type II by Faller occurs first at lower Reynolds number than that of well known Type I instability. Detailed numerical values of the amplification rates, neutral curves and other characteristics of the two instabilities have been calculated over a wide range of parameters. Presented are the neutral stability results concerning the two instability modes by solving the appropriate linear stability equations reformulated not only by considering whole convective terms but also by correcting some errors in the previous stability equations. The present stability results agree with the previously known ones within reasonable limit. Consequently, the flow is found to be always stable for a disturbance whose dimensionless wave number is greater than 0.75. Some spatial amplification contours have been computed for the stationary disturbance wave, whose azimuth angle $\varepsilon$= 11.29$^{\circ}$ to 15$^{\circ}$ and for the moving disturbance wave, whose azimuth angle $\varepsilon$ = 12.5$^{\circ}$ to 15$^{\circ}$. Also, some temporal amplification contours have been computed for the stationary disturbance wave, whose azimuth angle $\varepsilon$= 11.29$^{\circ}$ to 15$^{\circ}$ and for the moving disturbance wave, whose azimuth angle $\varepsilon$= 12$^{\circ}$ to 15$^{\circ}$. The flow instability was observed by using a white titanium tetrachloride gas over rotating disk system. When the numerical results are compared to the present experimental data, the numerical results agree quantitatively, indicating the existence of the selective frequency mechanism.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.653-664
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• 2010

The land surface reflectance is a key parameter influencing the climate near the surface. Therefore, it must be determined with sufficient accuracy for climate change research. In particular, the characteristics of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) when using earth observation system (EOS) are important for normalizing the reflected solar radiation from the earth's surface. Also, wide swath satellites like SPOT/VGT (VEGETATION) permit sufficient angular sampling, but high resolution satellites are impossible to obtain sufficient angular sampling over a pixel during short period because of their narrow swath scanning. This gives a difficulty to BRDF model based reflectance normalization of high resolution satellites. The principal objective of the study is to add BRDF modeling of high resolution satellites and to supply insufficient angular sampling through identifying BRDF components from SPOT/VGT. This study is performed as the preliminary data for apply to high-resolution satellite. The study provides surface parameters by eliminating BRD effect when calculated biophysical index of plant by BRDF model. We use semi-empirical BRDF model to identify the BRD components. This study uses SPOT/VGT satellite data acquired in the S1 (daily) data. Modeled reflectance values show a good agreement with measured reflectance values from SPOT satellite. This study analyzes BRD effect components by using the NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and the angle components such as solar zenith angle, satellite zenith angle and relative azimuth angle. Geometric scattering kernel mainly depends on the azimuth angle variation and volumetric scattering kernel is less dependent on the azimuth angle variation. Also, forest from land cover shows the wider distribution of value than cropland, overall tendency is similar. Forest shows relatively larger value of geometric term ($K_1{\cdot}f_1$) than cropland, When performed comparison between cropland and forest. Angle and NDVI value are closely related.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.751-757
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• 2007

The authors aim to establish the theory necessary for developing free gyro positioning system and focus on measuring the nadir angle by using the motion rate of a free gyro. The azimuth of a gyro vector from the North can be given by using the property of the free gyro. The motion rate of the spin axis in the gyro frame is transformed into the platform frame and again into the NED (north-east-down) navigation frame. The nadir angle of a gyro vector is obtained by using the North components of the motion rate of the spin axis in the NED frame. The component has to be transformed into the horizontal component of the gyro by using the azimuth of the gyro vector and then has to be integrated over the sampling interval.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2012

The photovoltaic is one of the most important sustainable technologies appliable to architectures. The power performance mainly depends on the installation conditions of them. This study aims to evaluate the power performance of photovoltaic system by the installation conditions, the tracking methods and reflecting mirrors. For the study, the Solar Pro computer simulations have been conducted on installation angles, solar azimuth and solar altitude. Also, the field mock-up tests are performed to of its application to verify the simulation results. Both the results of the experiment and the simulation have proved that the efficiency of 90-degree fixed angle method was higher than that of 30-degree fixed angle, the efficiency of altitude tracking was better than that of azimuth tracking method, and changing both the altitude and the azimuth together is more efficient rather than the shortened tracing way. In addition, the light-concentrating method in which the incidence angle of the sun is controlled by an adhered reflector has been analyzed to have better efficiency than the general method of tracing according to the orbit of the sun. Therefore, this thesis is expected to offer the basic data to set a more effective tracing-type of photovoltaic power generation system in the future. For this, more researches are to be conducted hereafter on a high efficiency drive motor and the establishment of an economic system.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2008

This study has analysed power output characteristics of transparent thin-film PV module depending on incidence angle and azimuth. The experiment results showed power outputs of transparent thin-film PV module applied to full-scale mock up model on slope of $90^{\circ},\;30^{\circ},\;0^{\circ}$ to the south. The simulation results was evaluated power outputs of transparent thin-film PV module depending on incidence angle and azimuth after calibrating the experimental and computed data. As a result. the best power output performance of transparent thin-film PV module was obtained at slope of $30^{\circ}$ to the south, producing the annual power output of 977kWh/kWp. The annual power output data demonstrated that the PV module with a slope of $30^{\circ}$ could produce a 68 % higher power output than that with a slope of $90^{\circ}$ with respect to the inclined slope of the module, Furthermore, the PV module facing south showed a 22 % higher power output than that facing to the east in terms of the angle of the azimuth, Specipically. the varying power output with incidence angle of PV module can be resulted from the influence of incidence angle modifier of glass on PV module. That is, the solar energy transmission can be reduced as an increase of incidence angle of PV module. Therefore, when the inclined slope of the PV module was over $70^{\circ}$ there was a significant reduction of power output, and this was caused by the decrease of solar energy transmission in the transparent thin-film PV module.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 필립스사의 지자기센서를 블루투스 통신시스템에 연결하여 방위각을 $5^{\circ}$ 단위로 전후 방향으로 기울기 각도를 변화시켜 $360^{\circ}$를 측정하였다. 측정된 방위값은 100M 이내에서 이동하면서 측정값을 블루투스 통신시스템으로 전송하여 측정값을 분석하였다. 블루투스를 이용하여 전파 장애가 없는 평지에서 직선거리 100M 이내에서 방위 측정값은 에러 없이 전송할 수 있었다. 지자기센서를 수평을 유지하면 98%의 신뢰를 가지는 방위측정값을 얻었다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 기울기를 가지는 지형을 이동하는 이동형 지능로봇에 장착 정확도가 향상된 방위 측정값을 전송하여 이동형 로봇의 방위추적을 할 수 있다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2006년도 6th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.625-630
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• 2006

A new method to get reliable viewing angle measurements on LCD reflective display is presented. This method is based on the use of commercial Fourier optics viewing angle instruments already proposed by ELDIM for more than 15 years. This apparatus is capable to measure simultaneously quasi all the incidence and azimuth angles and to control very precisely the illumination of the sample. We show that, in contrast to other instruments, a clever illumination procedure with two different conditions allows separation of the intrinsic reflective contribution of the display and of the parasitic front end reflection. In this way, intrinsic performances of the display can be obtained at any incidence and azimuth angles and realistic observer conditions can be simulated.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.165-165
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• 2000

The sunlight tracking and reflexing system can be divided into two parts. One is a sunlight tracking system and the other is a sunlight reflexing system. The sunlight tracking system detects an azimuth angie and an elevation angle of the sun using 2-axis sensor sun tracker. The sunlight reflexing system controls a reflection mirror to be reflected a sunlight at the target area after getting the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the sun from the sunlight tracking system. We applied the fuzzy PID controller to control the reflexing mirror.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2021

Wave energy is one of the most available sources of renewable energy in the world. It has been previously proven that the flapping foil can generate thrust forces using energy from the surface waves and an empirical formula was proposed to predict the thrust forces generated by a flapping foil consist of NACA0015 section (Kumar and Shin, 2019a). However, the proposed empirical formula was restricted to the head waves i.e. 0° azimuth angle which was not useful for the flapping foils encountering with oblique and following waves. Therefore, in this study, the thrust empirical formula was modified to include the effects of azimuth angles based on the experimentally obtained data. And the modified empirical equations were validated by the combination of foils experimentally.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.2541-2546
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 가시선 데이터링크용 추적안테나 시스템에 적용하기 위한 방위각 보정 알고리즘에 대해 연구한다. 이동하는 물체와 가시선 통신링크를 유지하기 위해서는 추적안테나 시스템이 필수적이다. 방위각과 고각계산을 위해서는 이동체와 안테나시스템의 GPS값을 이용하는데, 이때 두 좌표계의 동일성을 유지하기 위해서 초기에 지자기센서나 beacon등을 이용하여 보정을 하게 된다. 하지만 지형적으로 지자기교란이 생기기 쉬운 장소에서는 정확한 보정이 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 초기에 RF신호의 수신세기추적을 통해서 신호의 발생 위치를 검출하고 검출된 위치까지의 방위각 보정 값을 계산하여 통신링크개설 후 수신된 GPS값에 보정 값을 적용함으로서 주변의 영향을 최소화하면서 쉽고 빠르게 보정할 수 있다.