• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2019

The initial buckling of thin walled structures does not result in immediate failure. This post buckling capability is used to achieve light weight design, and final failure of thin walled structure is called crippling. To predict the failure load, empirical methods are often used for thin walled structures in design stage. But empirical method accuracy depend on geometry. In this study, experimental, empirical and numerical study of the crippling behavior of I-section beam made of carbon-epoxy are performed. The progressive failure analysis model to simulate the crippling failure is evaluated using the test results. In this study, commercial software LS-DYNA is utilized to compute the collapse load of composite specimen. Six kinds of specimens were tested in axial compression where correlation between analytical and experimental results has performed. From the results, we have partially conclude that the flange width-to-thickness ratio is found to influence the accuracy of empirical and numerical method.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.477-493
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• 2014

This study examines the behaviour of single micropiles subjected to axial tension or compression load in collapsible loess under in-situ moisture content and saturated condition. Five tension loading tests and five compression loading tests on single micropiles were carried out at a typical loess site of the Loess Plateau in Northwest China. A series of laboratory tests, including grain size distribution, specific gravity, moisture content, Atterberg limits, density, granular components, shear strength, and collapse index, were carried out during the micropile loading tests to determine the values of soil parameters. The loess at the test site poses a severe collapse risk upon wetting. The tension or compression load-displacement curves of the micropiles in loess, under in-situ moisture content or saturated condition, can generally be simplified into three distinct regions: an initial linear, a curvilinear transition, and a final linear region, and the bearing capacity or failure load can be interpreted by the L1-L2 method as done in other studies. Micropiles in loess should be considered as frictional pile foundations though the tip resistances are about 10%-15% of the applied loads. Both the tension and compression capacities increase linearly with the ratio of the pile length to the shaft diameter, L/d. For micropiles in loess under in-situ moisture content, the interpreted failure loads or capacities under tension are 66%-87% of those under compression. However, the prewetting of the loess can lead to the reductions of 50% in the tensile bearing capacity and 70% in the compressive bearing capacity.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.265-281
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• 2022

A set of slurry shield test system capable of cutter cutting and slurry automatic circulation is used to investigate the deformation characteristics, the evolution characteristics of support resistance and the distribution and evolution process of earth pressure during excavating and collapsing of slurry shield tunneling in circular-gravel layer. The influence of cover-span ratio on surface subsidence, support resistance and failure mode of excavation face is also discussed. Three-dimensional numerical calculations are performed to verify the reliability of the test results. The results show that, with the decrease of the supporting force of the excavation face, the surface subsidence goes through four stages: insensitivity, slow growth, rapid growth and stability. The influence of shield excavation on the axial earth pressure of the front soil is greater than that of the vertical earth pressure. When the support resistance of the excavation face decreases to the critical value, the soil in front of the excavation face collapses. The shape of the collapse is similar to that of a bucket. The ultimate support resistance increase with the increase of the cover-span ratio, however, the angle between the bottom of the collapsed body and the direction of the tunnel excavation axis when the excavation face is damaged increase first and then becomes stable. The surface settlement value and the range of settlement trough decrease with the increase of cover-span ratio. The numerical results are basically consistent with the model test results.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.211-226
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• 2004

A relatively simple multiple-vertical-line-element macro model has been incorporated into a standard computer code DRAIN-2D. It was used in blind predictions of seismic response of cantilever RC walls subjected to a series of consequent earthquakes on a shaking table. The model was able to predict predominantly flexural response with relative success. It was able to predict the stiffness and the strength of the pre-cracked specimen and time-history response of the highly nonlinear wall as well as to simulate the shift of the neutral axis and corresponding varying axial force in the cantilever wall. However, failing to identify the rupture of some brittle reinforcement in the third test, the model was not able to predict post-critical, near collapse behaviour during the subsequent response to two stronger earthquakes. The analysed macro model seems to be appropriate for global analyses of complex building structures with RC structural walls subjected to moderate/strong earthquakes. However, it cannot, by definition, be used in refined research analyses monitoring local behaviour in the post critical region.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.105-112
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• 2006

Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading has been the most extensive damage to pile foundations during earthquakes. However, a case of pile failure was reported despite the fact that a large margin of safety factor was employed in their design. This means that the current seismic design method of pile is not agreeable with the actual failure mechanism of pile. Newly proposed failure mechanism of pile is a pile failure based on buckling instability. In this study, failure behavior of pile embedded in liquefied soil deposits was analyzed considering lateral spreading and buckling instability performing 1g shaking table test. As a result, it can be concluded that the pile subjected to excessive axial loads ($near\;P_{cr}$) can fail by buckling instability during liquefaction. When lateral spreading took place in sloping grounds, lateral spreading increased lateral deflection of pile and reduced the buckling load, promoting more rapid collapse. In addition, buckling shape of pile was observed. In the ease of pile buckling, hinge formed at the middle of the pile, not at the bottom. And in sloping grounds, location of hinge got loiter compared with level ground because of the effects of lateral spreading.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.475-485
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• 2024

The mechanical behavior of the steel tube encased high-strength concrete (STHC) composite walls under constant axial load and cyclically increasing lateral load was studied. Conclusions are drawn based on experimental observations, grey evolutionary algorithm and finite element (FE) simulations. The use of steel tube wall panels improved the load capacity and ductility of the specimens. STHC composite walls withstand more load cycles and show more stable hysteresis performance than conventional high strength concrete (HSC) walls. After the maximum load, the bearing capacity of the STHC composite wall was gradually reduced, and the wall did not collapse under the influence of the steel pipe. For analysis of the bending capacity of STHC composite walls based on artificial intelligence tools, an analysis model is proposed that takes into account the limiting effect of steel pipes. The results of this model agree well with the test results, indicating that the model can be used to predict the bearing capacity of STHC composite walls. Based on a reasonable material constitutive model and the limiting effect of steel pipes, a finite element model of the STHC composite wall was created. The finite elements agree well with the experimental results in terms of hysteresis curve, load-deformation curve and peak load.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2014

최근 일련의 연구로부터, 중공이 있는 프리캐스트 콘크리트(hollewed precast concrete, HPC) 기둥를 사용할 경우, 일반적인 PC기둥에 비하여 접합부 콘크리트를 충실하게 채울수 있으며 이에 따라, 접합부의 고정도는 일체식 철근콘크리트(RC)와 같이 향상될 수 있음이 확인되었다. 그러나 충전콘크리트로 중공부가 채워진 후, HPC부재와 충전콘크리트의 강도가 서로 다르고 이 두 부재 사이에는 접촉면이 있음에 따라 합성구조와 같은 거동을 보이게 되며 이는 합성된 기둥의 구조적 거동과 강도에 영향을 미치게 된다. 이 논문에서는 HPC 기둥에서 중공의 크기와 중공부분 콘크리트의 채움 유무에 따른 기둥의 압축강도 시험을 실시하였다. 중공의 비율은 35, 50 그리고 59%이며 실험체의 양단을 단순지지 형태로서 지지한 뒤 중심압축력을 기둥의 상단에 작용시켰다. 또한 압축에 대한 HPC 기둥의 파괴거동을 묘사하기 위하여 유한요소 해석을 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 중공내부가 충전콘크리트로 채워진 기둥에서, PC와 충전콘크리트의 강도차이와 상관없이 중공률은 기둥의 초기강성에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 기둥의 압축강도는 중공률에 반비례하는 것으로 나타났다. 충전콘크리트가 채워지지 않은 HPC기둥의 구조성능은 중공의 직경에 밀접하게 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히, HPC의 두께가 지나치게 얇은 경우에는 국부적인 파괴가 전체 파괴를 지배하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 영향을 고려하여 HPC기둥의 압축내력을 산정할 수 있는 식을 제시하였다. 유한요소해석에서는, HPC와 충전콘크리트 사이의 접촉면을 고려할 경우, 해석 결과가 실험 결과와 좋은 대응을 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.959-965
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 Al/CFRP 혼성 구조부재가 승용차용 사이드부재에 사용될 것을 상정하여 Al/CFRP 혼성 구조부재의 단면형상의 변화, 최외각층의 변화가 압궤 특성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 실험적으로 고찰하여 수송기계의 경량화를 위한 사이드부재로 사용될 수 있는 설계 데이터를 얻고자 하였다. 실험결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 최외층각이 $0^{\circ}$로 적층된 원형 Al/CFRP 혼성 충격 흡수부재가 사각 Al/CFRP 혼성 충격 흡수부재 보다 52,9%, 모자형 Al/CFRP 혼성 충격 흡수부재 보다 49.93% 높게 나타났으며, 최외층각이 $90^{\circ}$로 적층된 경우 원형 Al/CFRP 혼성 충격 흡수부재 사각 Al/CFRP 혼성 충격 흡수부재 보다 50.49%, 모자형 Al/CFRP 혼성 충격 흡수부재 보다 49.2% 높게 나타났다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.501-520
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• 2015

Presence of torsional loadings can significantly affect the flow of internal forces and deformation capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. It increases the possibility of brittle shear failure leading to catastrophic collapse of structural members. This necessitates accurate prediction of the torsional behaviour of RC members for their safe design. However, a review of previously published studies indicates that the torsional behaviour of RC members has not been studied in as much depth as the behaviour under flexure and shear in spite of its frequent occurrence in bridge columns. Very few analytical models are available to predict the response of RC members under torsional loads. Softened truss model (STM) developed in the University of Houston is one of them, which is widely used for this purpose. The present study shows that STM prediction is not sufficiently accurate particularly in the post cracking region when compared to test results. An improved analytical model for RC square columns subjected to torsion with and without axial compression is developed. Since concrete is weak in tension, its contribution to torsional capacity of RC members was neglected in the original STM. The present investigation revealed that, disregard to tensile strength of concrete is the main reason behind the discrepancies in the STM predictions. The existing STM is extended in this paper to include the effect of tension stiffening for better prediction of behaviour of square RC columns under torsion. Three different tension stiffening models comprising a linear, a quadratic and an exponential relationship have been considered in this study. The predictions of these models are validated through comparison with test data on local and global behaviour. It was observed that tension stiffening has significant influence on torsional behaviour of square RC members. The exponential and parabolic tension stiffening models were found to yield the most accurate predictions.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2018

Low cyclic loading tests are conducted on the steel reinforced recycled concrete (SRRC) column-steel (S) beam composite frame joints. This research aims to evaluate the earthquake damage performance of composite frame joints by performing cyclic loading tests on eight specimens. The experimental failure process and failure modes, load-displacement hysteresis curves, characteristic loads and displacements, and ductility of the composite frame joints are presented and analyzed, which shows that the composite frame joints demonstrate good seismic performance. On the basis of this finding, seismic damage performance is examined by using the maximum displacement, energy absorbed in the hysteresis loops and Park-Ang model. However, the result of this analysis is inconsistent with the test failure process. Therefore, this paper proposes a modified Park-Ang seismic damage model that is based on maximum deformation and cumulative energy dissipation, and corrected by combination coefficient ${\alpha}$. Meanwhile, the effects of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage and axial compression ratio on the seismic damage performance are analyzed comprehensively. Moreover, lateral displacement angle is used as the quantification index of the seismic performance level of joints. Considering the experimental study, the seismic performance level of composite frame joints is divided into five classes of normal use, temporary use, repair after use, life safety and collapse prevention. On this basis, the corresponding relationships among seismic damage degrees, seismic performance level and quantitative index are also established in this paper. The conclusions can provide a reference for the seismic performance design of composite frame joints.