• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.290-292
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• 2017

Various changes in ocular position are possible during general anesthesia as opposed to the awakening state. However, unexpected ocular deviation under general anesthesia is a disconcerting event as it can lead to difficult complications intraoperatively. To date, sudden fixed upward ocular deviation has been rarely reported previously. This phenomenon was observed in an 8-year-old boy during strabismus surgery. Suddenly fixed upward ocular deviation occurred when the speculum was inserted into the right eye. When the eyeball was pulled down, using forceps, there was some resistance, such as contracture of superior rectus. The eyeball sprang back into the upward position when the forceps was released. These changes could hamper the good exposition of the surgical field, leading to significant intraoperative difficulties and complications. Surgeons should be aware of this possibility, despite general anesthesia; if it occurs, proceed with the surgery as planned preoperatively, and both ophthalmic and anesthetic interventions should be used to solve this problem.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.150-161
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• 2007

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to investigate the prevalence of insomnia and to compare sleep patterns, demographic characteristics, and obstacles for sleep between women with and without insomnia. Methods: This was a descriptive study. Study participants were 1,679 Korean women aged over 20 years. Information on symptoms of insomnia, sleep patterns, and related factors was assessed by questionnaire. Symptoms of insomnia included difficulties in initiating and maintaining sleep and early morning awakening. Results: This study found that 32.0% of the study participants had insomnia, subjects with insomnia had bad sleep patterns compared to comparison group, lower educational level and menopause were closely related to insomnia, and noise, temperature, lighting, presence of bed partner, intake of caffeine, frequent urination, and pain or itching were associated with insomnia. Conclusion: This study suggests that insomnia is prevalent in women and closely associated with education level and menopausal status.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 1998

The effect of ISO 9000 jcertification for quality management is investigated. 213 domestic manufacturing companies which had been certified more than one and half year ago were selected to send the questionnaires for a field survey. Among them 89 were returned. Crosby's Quality Management Maturity Grid' is utilized for analyzing the effect of ISO 9000 certification aquistion. Comparisons for the QM maturity level are made between before- and after-aquisition. It is shown that, on the average, the QM maturity level had been increased from awakening (stage 2) to the mid point of enlightenment(stage 3) and wisdom(stage 4).

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 1986

The height of pillow was investigated from the ergonomics standpoint. The main concern of this research was to investigated the appropriate height of the pillow in lying on one's side. The infestigation in this study was administered to a sample of forty men who were similar to Korean standard body-build. The experiment was conducted under the awakening state. The experimental method was performed using ; 1) Sensuous test 2)Electromyogram survey 3) X-ray observation Sensuous test was performed using both a plain wood board and a slope wood board by jack to objectify. RESULTS : 1) By sensuous test, the height of pillow for the most comfortable state turned up 9.4±1.1cm in lying on one's side. 2) By electromyogram survey and X-ray observation, the numerical value was substantially confirmed well-grounded physiologically and anatomically. Ihope this research will be useful to establishing the suitable height of pillow for Korean.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.718-725
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• 2007

Sleep disorders are very common among pediatric patients. Its prevalence is between 10% and 45% in preschool- and school-aged children. However parents commonly do not concern about their children's sleeping habits and for many pediatricians, there is not part of the routine office visit about a childs sleep. Sleep disorders were classified by International Classification of Sleep Disorder (ICSD) as dyssomnias, parasomnias, sleep disorders associated with mental, neurologic, or other medical disorders, and proposed sleep disorders. There are lots of differences in the causes, manifestations, and managements of sleep disorders between children and adult. The sleep disorders in childhood may manifest themselves as bedtime resistance, refusal to go to bed at a parentally described time, sleep-onset delay, inability to fall asleep within a reasonable time, prolonged nighttime awakening, and inability to return to sleep without assistance after waking during the night, and so have wide-ranging influences on children's behavior, mood, school performance, and family life. It's very important for pediatrician to concern about the sleep disturbances in childhood and so the problems of sleep in children should be early detected and managed.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.414-425
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• 1997

Standark polysomnograms, and questionnaires were measured using 4 subjects during simulated 150m heliox saturation dives. These measurements were performed on 4 pre-dive nights, 8 bottom nights, 6 decompression nights and post decompression nights. Sleep disturbances caused by frequent awakening were found throughout the dive period, but the disturbances were more intense on the second and fourth nights at the bottom and on the third and fourth nights of decompression. Stage 4 of sleep decreased every night at the bottom and from the first through third nights of decompression. The subjective self-evaluation of sleep was in agreement with the physiological variables. Complaints of subjective feeling of fatigue slightly increased throughout the dive period. It could be surmised that sleep disturbance or fatigue was not as significant under the 150m deep hyperbalic environment of He-O/ sub 2/ mixture, and therefore should be able to be coped with partially, through there moght be individual differences in adaptation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.581-600
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• 1974

The purpose of this study is clarify consumer problem on the basis of understanding consumer behavior, that is, to make explicit the effect of economic levels and educational background upon consumer consciousness and consumption behavior. The data in this study is from a survey in 1973 by means of a questionnaire of the opinions of 200 housewives of Seoul. The ${\chi}^2$(Chi-Squire) was applied for the statistical analysis of the data and following results were found. Generally consumers lack understanding of economic matters and satisfactory consciousness on matters of consumption life. And there is significant difference among the class on several matters. That is, the lower economic level and educational background are, the lower the understanding of economic matters and consciousness of satisfaction are. So the consumer education must be carried out for lower class of economic level and educational background. And in the present awakening of salers and makers is needed for consumers.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2001

In 2000, the number of people aged 65 and over increased to 3.37 million, accounting for 7.1% of the total population of South Korea. The elderly population will increase up to 19.3% in 2030. Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) seems to increase with age. More than 50-60% of old people complain of SDB-related signs and symptoms including awakening headache, excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, personality changes, and depression. The influence of a mild degree of SDB upon the elderly is unclear, but moderate to severe SDB is well known to be associated with many diseases including hypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, stroke, dementia, and sudden death. Therefore, physicians should pay attention to elderly patients who complain of SDB related symptoms and signs that may not be normal signs of aging. Physicians need to become more sensitive to treat SDB in the elderly.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 1997

Nocturnal panic involves sudden awakening from sleep in a state of panic characterized by various somatic sensation of sympathetic arousal and intense fear. Many(18-71%) of the spontaneous panic attacks tend to occur from a sleeping state unrelated to the situational and cognitive context. Nocturnal panickers experienced daytime panics and general somatic sensation more frequently than other panickers. Despite frequent distressing symptoms, these patients tend to exhibit little social or occupational impairment and minimal agoraphobia and have a high lifetime incidence of major depression and a good response to tricyclic antidepressants. Sleep panic attacks arise from non-REM sleep, late stage 2 or early stage 3. The pathophysiology and the similarity of nocturnal panic to sleep apnea, dream-induced anxiety attacks, night terrors, sleep paralysis, and temporal lobe epilepsy are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.427-436
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the process of overcoming professional burnout among clinical nurses. Methods: Data were collected from 12 clinical nurses through in-depth interviews about their actual experiences. The main question was "How do you describe your experience of the process of overcoming professional burnout?" Qualitative data from the field notes and transcribed notes were analyzed using the grounded theory methodology developed by Strauss & Corbin. Results: The core category of experience of the process of professional burnout among clinical nurses was identified as "Keeping a balance by awakening-relaxing-coexisting". The participants used six interactional strategies such as 'Confronting problems', 'Exposing problems', 'Laying the mind's burdens down', 'Taking a breather', 'Seeing from a different perspective', 'Accepting realities'. The results of overcoming process of professional burnout were 'Coexisting' and 'Revitalizing'. Conclusion: The results of this study provide useful information for designing supportive programs and policies to solve professional burnout in clinical nurses.