• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.361-397
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• 2017

The unloading effect from excavations can cause the deformation of adjacent tunnels, which may seriously influence the operation and safety of those tunnels. However, systematic studies of the deformation characteristics of tunnels located along side excavations are limited, and simplified methods to predict the influence of excavations on tunnels are also rare. In this study, the simulation capability of a finite element method (FEM) considering the small-strain characteristics of soil was verified using a case study. Then, a large number of FEM simulations examining the influence of excavations on adjacent tunnels were conducted. Based on the simulation results, the deformation characteristics of tunnels at different positions and under four deformation modes of the retaining structure were analyzed. The results indicate that the deformation mode of the retaining structure has a significant influence on the deformation of certain tunnels. When the deformation magnitudes of the retaining structures are the same, the influence degree of the excavation on the tunnel increased in this order: from cantilever type to convex type to composite type to kick-in type. In practical projects, the deformation mode of the retaining structure should be optimized according to the tunnel position, and kick-in deformation should be avoided. Furthermore, two methods to predict the influence of excavations on adjacent tunnels are proposed. Design charts, in terms of normalized tunnel deformation contours, can be used to quantitatively estimate the tunnel deformation. The design table of the excavation influence zones can be applied to determine which influence zone the tunnel is located in.

• 대한암한의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

Objectives: To grasp the traditional stream of cancer treatment inherited from the previous doctors. Methods: The author's research has been performed cancer treatment based on JIJU(積聚) taking the original text as a reference. Results & Conclusion: The general three outlines and five detailed rules of cancer treatment have been obtained as follows. The first outline of cancer treatment is that reinforced vital function makes cancer reduce naturally. the second is that Harmless cancer can coexist in human beings and aging with them. and the third is that Elimination and reinforcing therapies should be executed in appropriate era and those therapies should utilize appropriate methods. The first detailed rule of cancer treatment is when using reinforcing therapy, it must applicate mildly and when using elimination therapy, it must applicate calmly. The second detailed rule is that the methods of cancer treatment are different from each cancer stage. The concentration should be made on reinforcing therapy at early stage while reinforcing and elimination therapies must be conducted together at middle stage. At terminal stage reinforcing therapy is the sole method to be taken. The third detailed rule is that the basis property of cancer drug is warm nature and extremely biased property should be avoided and when complication arises (eg. inflamatory disease, cancer fever, etc), cold or cool nature can be applied. The fourth detailed rule is that Cancer drug must have the effect eliminating the blood stasis, phlegm and excessive fluid, all together. The fifth detailed rule is that Physicians have to control patient's stress or stress related symptom and teach patients about right way of taking care of themselves and patients should take hygienic rules with their free will by themselves (eg diet, exercise, stress, etc)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.424-431
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• 2017

Objective: Study on the application of high pressure processing (HPP) for dark-firm-dry (DFD) beef was conducted to observe whether HPP has any impact on physical properties and to evaluate oxidative deterioration during refrigerated storage under vacuum. Methods: The longissimus lumborum muscles obtained from Friesian Holstein steers ($33{\pm}0.5$ months old) with 24-h postmortem pH higher than 6.0 were vacuum-packed and subjected to pressurization at 200, 400, and 600 MPa for 180 s at $15^{\circ}C{\pm}2^{\circ}C$; the samples were then stored for 9 days at $4^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and compared with control (0.1 MPa). Results: HPP increased meat pH by 0.1 to 0.2 units and the tenderness of cooked DFD beef significantly with no significant effects on meat texture profile. The stability of meat pH was well maintained during refrigerated storage under vacuum. No clear effects were found on the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase, however, glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly reduced by high pressure. HPP and storage time resulted in aroma changes and the increasing amount of malondialdehyde and metmyoglobin relative composition. Conclusion: Although the increasing amount of malondialdehyde content, metmyoglobin formation and aroma changes in HPP-treated samples could not be avoided, HPP at 200 MPa increased $L^*$ and $a^*$ values with less discoloration and oxidative deterioration during storage.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.327-339
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• 1992

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of orthognathic surgery on occlusal force. The maximum bite force was measured in 26 dentofacial deformity patients, aged 14-26(mean age 20.3) years, before surgery and at IMF removal, 3, 6, and 12months postsurgery. To grope the correlation of bite force and skeletal change after orthognathic surgery, the cephalometric headplates were measured, tabulated and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows. 1. The presurgical maximum bite force was 13.7kg in upper first molar(rt. Side 12.7kg, it. Side 14.6kg). There was remarkable difference with that of normal occlusion. 2. The recovery of bite force was very significant in according to the operation method and the duration of IMF that was 7.6kg at IMF removal, 14.2kg at 3 months, 19.7kg at 6 months. 26.1kg at 12 months postsurgery. 3. To fasten the recovery and to increase the bite force after orthognathic surgery, the long IMF time and the injury to the masticatory muscle should be avoided by the internal rigid fixation and early physical exercise. 4. The bite force was positively correlated to the changes of mandibular plane angle, the angle between platatal plane and mandibular plan, the angle between occlusal plane and mandibular plane, and negatively correlated to the changes of mandibular body length in craniofacial structure. 5. There was no correlationship between bit force and mesial inclination of tooth long axis of first molar in this subject. 6. There was no correlation between the changes of bite force and the changes of mechanical advantage of the temporal and masseter muscle.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.461-476
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• 2003

메모리 병목현상의 완화와 구현상의 용이함으로 인해 NUMA 시스템이 지난 수년 동안 전형적인 다중 프로세서 시스템으로 자리를 잡아 왔다. 하지만 NUMA 시스템은 그 구조의 특성상 원격 메모리로의 접근 비율이 커질수록 응답 속도의 지연이 심화되므로, NUMA 시스템의 구현에 있어서 원격 캐쉬의 효율적인 설계를 요구한다. 본 논문에서는 보다 효율적인 원격 캐쉬의 설계를 목표로 하여, 원격 캐쉬 상에서 실제 응용 프로그램의 공유 단위(Granularity of Sharing)의 패턴을 분석하여 원격 캐쉬의 라인 사이즈를 실행 시간에 가상적으로 변화시킬 수 있는“다중 그레인 원격 캐쉬”방식을 제안한다. 그리고 이를 MINT를 통해 모델링한 후 시뮬레이션을 수행하고 그 결과를 분석한다. 시뮬레이션에서는 먼저 Profile-Based 방식을 이용하여 각 응용 프로그램별 최적의 원격 캐쉬 라인 사이즈를 찾아내고, 이를 이용하여 기존의 일반적인 NUMA 시스템에서의 원격 캐쉬와 본 논문에서 제안한 다중 그레인 원격 캐쉬와의 상호 비교를 통해 성능상의 차이점을 비교, 분석한다. 그 후 다중 그레인 원격 캐쉬가 시스템과 응용 프로그램간의 다양한 관계 속에서도 항상 최악의 경우를 피하면서 최적의 경우와 유사한 결과를 가짐을 보인다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.445-450
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• 2019

본 연구는 자기공명영상 동적검사 시 자동주입기의 사용에 따라 조영제 역류로 인한 생리식염수의 오염 현상을 실험적으로 증명함으로써, 오염된 실린지 재사용 문제의 심각성을 인식시키고자 하였다. 연구방법은 조영제 주입 전 생리식염수와 주입 후 생리식염수를 각각 채취한 다음, T1 강조영상을 획득하여 신호강도를 측정하여 비교하였다. 생리식염수의 주입 후 신호강도가 주입 전에 비해 523.43% 통계적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이는 조영제 주입에 따른 압력에 의해 조영제가 관을 통해 역류하여 압력이 낮은 반대쪽 생리식염수를 오염시킨 것으로 분석되었다. 결론적으로 조영제 주입 시 사용하는 실린지는 조영제 역류로 인해 교차오염이 발생하므로 정량적 분석을 위한 검사 시 동일한 환자의 검사라도 검사순서를 변경하거나 실린지를 교체하여 오류를 방지해야 한다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine how gaze angle affects muscle activity and kinematic variables during treadmill walking and to offer scientific information for effective and safe treadmill training environment. Method: Ten male subjects who have no musculoskeletal disorder were recruited. Eight pairs of surface electrodes were attached to the right side of the body to monitor the upper trapezius (UT), rectus abdominis (RA), erector spinae (ES), rectus femoris (RF), bicep femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), medialis gastrocnemius (MG), and lateral gastrocnemius (LG). Two digital camcorders were used to obtain 3-D kinematics of the lower extremity. Each subject walked on a treadmill with a TV monitor at three different heights (eye level; EL, 20% above eye level; AE, 20% below eye level; BE) at speed of 5.0 km/h. For each trial being analyzed, five critical instants and four phases were identified from the video recording. For each dependent variable, one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine whether there were significant differences among three different conditions (p<.05). When a significant difference was found, post hoc analyses were performed using the contrast procedure. Results: This study found that average and peak IEMG values for EL were generally smaller than the corresponding values for AE and BE but the differences were not statically significant. There were also no significant changes in kinematic variables among three different gaze angles. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, gaze angle does not affect muscle activity and kinematic variables during treadmill walking. However, it is interesting to note that walking with BE may increase the muscle activity of the trapezius and the lower extremity. Moreover, it may hinder proper dorsiflexion during landing phase. Thus, it seems to reasonable to suggest that inappropriate gaze angle should be avoided in treadmill walking. It is obvious that increased walking speed may cause a significant changes in biomechanical parameters used in this study. It is recommended that future studies be conducted which are similar to the present investigation but using different walking speed.

• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.25-27
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• 2014

The relative importance of radiation dose, storage time, and temperature in radiation processing of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), was evaluated in terms of the postharvest quality through a model study using leaf disks. Physiological activity and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured to represent the postharvest quality (in terms of external appearance) of spinach, a leafy green vegetable. At $22^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$, the higher gamma-radiation dose caused a greater decrease in the physiological activity, depending on the storage time of 4 d. However, this decrease was not significant at $4^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$. Total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were substantially decreased by 3 kGy at $15^{\circ}C$, and dose-dependently by 0.5-3 kGy at $22^{\circ}C$. In contrast, the proportion of lutein in total carotenoid was significantly increased in the 2-3-kGy samples only at $22^{\circ}C$, while that of ${\beta}$-carotene was slightly decreased, indicating progression of leaf aging. These data suggest that the unfavorable effect of gamma irradiation on the postharvest quality of spinach could be avoided or controlled by the storage time or temperature rather than the radiation dose. The current study could be available to improve radiation processing of other leafy green vegetables.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2002

The artificial aeration in the middle and the small scale reservoirs is widely used to destroy the stratified layer and algal boom. This study has been conducted at the Youncho reservoir located in Keoje island since Jan. 2000 to suggest the most suitable control strategy of the artificial aeration and reduce the side effect. The main results obtained from this research are as follows. The starting time of aeration for destratification was adjusted from the end of March to the beginning of April when the natural stratification is started. In order to prevent an anoxic condition the artificial mixing should be started by the middle of April when the DO in hypolimnion is dropped to less than $5mg/{\ell}$. The decrease DO, caused by the increase in water temperature, spreads rapidly from hypolimnion to themocline. Thermal stratification disappeared after the onset of artificial aeration within 7 days in the Yuncho reservoir. The air diffusers decrease water temperature in the layer of epilimnion and thermocline, but rise it in hypolimnion. The continuous operation of air diffuser prevent the stratification and anoxic condition in hypolimnion despite of the rising of water temperature and algal abundance. The algal abundance is not observed in effective zone by aeration. The turbidity rising problem induced from the aeration is avoided by keeping an air diffuser about 1.5m high from the bottom of lake. During the summer season, ceasing the aeration should be decided carefully. And also, it is necessary to operate the system it considering weather and temperature, and depending on the number and the position of aerators.

• 센서학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 보호용 실리콘 산화층과 Al 층을 이용한 $Al_2O_3$ 예비층의 형성을 제안하였다. 실리콘 기판 위의 보호용 산화막 위에 알루미늄을 증착하고 이를 $800^{\circ}C$에서 열처리함으로써 에피텍시 $Al_2O_3$ 예비층 형성시킬 수 있었다. 그리고 형성된 $Al_2O_3$ 예비층위에 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ 층을 형성하였다. ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$막 성장시 공정의 초기 상태에서 발생하는 $N_2O$ 가스에 의한 Si 기판의 식각을 $Al_2O_3$ 예비층을 이용함으로써 방지할 수 있었다. $Al_2O_3$ 예비층이 초박막 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$의 표면의 형태를 개선하는데 많은 효과가 있었다.