• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.425-431
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of visual control on gait speed and balance in patients with stroke. Static balance and gait speed were investigated with comparison and fixed direction of visual. METHODS: We included twenty-six patients with stroke. Participants were measured static balance while standing on a forceplate with one of 4 different visual direction in front, floor, non-affected side and affected side for 30 seconds. To compare of the gait speed, participants had to walk with one of fixed visual direction. And to compare of gait speed with visual dispersion, gait speed were measured with visual change in left and right, up and down direction every 5m, 2m and 1m intervals. RESULTS: The result of the static balance with fixed visual showed that the affected side and the non-affected side were shown significantly increased sway of total sway length, mediolateral distance, anteroposterior distance, average velocity(p<.05). The gait speed with fixed visual showed that affected side was significantly slower(p<.05). And the gait speed significantly increased as interval of visual dispersion decrease in the sagittal and horizontal plane(p<.05). CONCLUSION: The results from this study showed that the visual direction effected on static balance and the faster visual movement made to increase the gait speed. Therefore the rehabilitation training with visual control may be implemented for stroke patients.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.677-685
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• 1998

To investigate the effects of neonatal stress on behavior and neurochemistry, rats were exposed to the footshock stress on postnatal day (PND) 14 or PNDs 14 and 21. Rats were exposed to uncontrollable electric shocks delivered to the floor with a constant current (0.8 mA) for 5 sec period. Daily sessions consisted of 60 trials on a random time schedule with an average of 55 sec. The first exposure to footshocks on PND 14 decreased body weight gain for 1 day. However, the second exposure to footshocks on PND 21 did not affect body weight gain. Exploratory activity was measured by exposing a rat to a novel environment 24 h after experience of footshocks. Similar to the body weight changes, a decreased activity was noted after the first exposure to footshocks, while no changed activity was noted after the second exposure to footshocks. However, the Bmax value of $5-HT_{2A/2C}$ receptors in the cortex decreased by the second exposure to footshocks, but not by the first exposure to footshocks. Moreover, an autoradiographic study revealed that the density of $[^3H]dexamethasone$ binding in hippocampus decreased in rats exposed to footshocks 4 times during PND $14{\sim}20.$ These results suggest that the uncontrollable footshock stress changes 5-hydroxytryptamine and glucocorticoid receptor systems acutely and that the repeated exposure to the same stress may not elicit behavioral alterations by the compensatory activity of young brain although changes in some neurochemistry exist.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.53-61
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• 2017

Cityschumers experience the urban with the visual perception while walking an average speed of 4km per hour. At this time, recognition of the color field accounts for more than 70%. Therefore, in this paper the environmental color of urban street is examined by dividing the pedestrian visual field area. In the urban street, the area of the visual field area of the pedestrian is divided into Ground Plane, Roadside, Canopy and Building Wall. In addition, we observe and color survey the environmental color of Exhibition Road, which is the northern side space of South Kensington in London, which adopted the world's first shared space. The color of the visual filed area was dominated as YR, GY, Y, PB. The Ground Pland was dominated by the YR. The reason for this is that the color of the floor has changed due to the shadows of surrounding architecture and facilities. Roadside was dominated in various ways such as GY, BG, PB, B and P. Canopy was mainly composed of PB, GY, etc. It was found that the material color of the lower part of the architecture was reflected. The architecture wall was affected by the reflectance and absorption rate of the transparent material. The first image that comes to mind when thinking about the urban is the street where pedestrians walk, feel and enjoy themselves. Therefore, it is suggested that various policy frameworks for managing and managing urban planning professionals may be different from the perceptions of pedestrians active in mega cities.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2008

In recent years, Korean population aged 65 and over has grown faster(7.2% in 2000, 14.4% projected in 2018 and 20.0% in 2026) than the other age groups and average life expectancy has increased from 65.8 years in 1980 to 75.9 years in 2000. The Aging Simulation Center(ASC) was built for people to give educational chance for further understanding of the elderly and the environment for the aged. People are able to recognize the changes including hearing loss, vision changes, and changes in the ability to touch and move after experiencing the simulated daily life of older persons. In general, ASC is composed of residential setting area and exhibition area of daily commodities for the elderly and care person. Currently, there are four ASCs in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of space design and design elements of ASCs and to suggest design implementation for better residential environment for the elderly. For the research purpose, design characteristics such as floor plans and spatial design elements of three ASCs were analyzed and compared. As a whole, space design of three ASCs was almost same without distinguished characteristics. The major finding of this study indicates that the ASC is considerably helpful environment to understand aging. However, some of design elements such as lighting should be supplemented for safety issue. It is recommended for future design of ASC to include exterior space including outdoor stairs, paths and roads and so on. In addition, reception and preparation area should be arranged with universally designed furniture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2012

This study was accomplished by analyzing the change of land cover pattern in high-rise buildings in Korea. For this study, we selected 15 locations of high-rise buildings. The ratio of average building coverage and paved area was 79.7%, and both green and water area were low, relatively. The biotope area factor of the site showed low percentage by 15.90% due to the underground space development. As a result of correlation analysis between the time of construction and land-cover type, building coverage has been decreased according to the stream of time. However, biotope area factor has been increased And, the paved area has m correlation. It was identified that reducing paved area is effective to enhance the ecological functions of a high-rise building outdoor.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1437-1446
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• 2014

This study, the urban energy used office building green roof type composition of the target by analyze building energy reductions. Green roof is total 6 types(type A~F) were selected, EnergyPlus the energy simulation programs were used. Top floor of green roof types evaluation, the reduction of the cooling peak load type E(1.26%), type D(1.30%), type C(1.37%), type B(1.45%), type F(1.49%), and heating peak load is type D(1.32%), type E(1.40%), type C(1.47%), type F(1.69%), type B(2.13%) order. Annual cooling load of heating load is reduced more than about 1% effect. The heating load reduction ratio for a maximum of 9% respectively. Cooling peak load of the building energy performance evaluation of type F > type B > type C > type D > type E in the order and in the case of peak loads heating type B > type F > type D > type E>type C order. Annual total energy use reduction of 1.07 to 1.22% and earn, type B in the best good. In primary energy use reductions in the presence of a green roof were in the 4249~4876 kWh/yr. Annual $CO_2$ emissions reductions of unapplied type A were analyzed on average 469.78 kg.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.83-92
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics such as spatial composition, areas, location of functional unit space and comparing the type and the number of operating programs by type of managements of multipurpose senior center in Youngnam metro area. first, the consignation management facilities had functional unit space of 152 things and the direct management facilities had 115 things. When comparing average areas composition ratio, direct management is public welfare, social education, public part, medical and rehabilitation order and consignation management is public part, social education, public welfare and rest part order. Second, medical part must be located around the first floor or the elevator, because many people can frequently use this area at the same time. Third, as a result of analysis of management programs indicated that the total number of programs is as a whole 74 things a range of $min12\~max20$ in the each direct management facilities and 111 things a range of $min20\~max24$ in the each in the each consignation management facilities. This fact shows that consignation management provided many people with more various programs than direct management. Finally, the number of staff in the direct management is less than consignation management. When comparing programs per staff and space, the direct and consignation management each appeared (2.74, 0.64) and (1.35, 0.73). This fact implied that the consignation management was more specialized than direct management in the service and function.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.5 s.58
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• pp.193-201
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• 2006

In according as the social action of women is active, the average life span is longer than male, not only woman's social position is higher, but also the construction of the more professional woman special hospital Is increased. In occasion to the recent woman special hospital, give medical treatment about pediatrics and the breast surgery as well, and the sphere is increasing as compose the variety network, from the health medical center to check the woman's physical to the postpartum care center. The trend of the lobby is arranged the more service area as the concept of the woman hospital is changed, the sphere is increasing. Accordingly, this study research and analyze the service zone and design elements on the focus the lobby of the internal woman special hospital, have an intention of guideline about the interior design of the after woman hospital. As the subject of study, selected the hospital that lobby serves to show the identity of total space, and the woman special hospital that is introduced to the relation journal with architecture or interior design, is opened after 2000 years, below the 100 bed. As the study method, understand the composition of lobby space through floor analysis, examination by the visit, analyzed the arrangement constituent, the design trend. The direction of lobby space mentioned in the study result is that secure the publicness, guarantee the privacy zone, and is important that the adequate arrangement of commercial space contribute to client's mental stability, desire that inflected as the more positive communication place.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.2
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• pp.200-207
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• 1997

The throughfall, stemflow and precipitation interception during the period of May to November 1995 were compared between three stands of Pinus koraiensis, Larix leptolepis and Quercus species stand growing at Kwangju-Gun, Kyunggi-Do. The total amount of precipitation during the period in the study area was 1,821mm, higher than average precipitation. The amount of interception showed 21.8% of the total precipitation in Quercus stand, whereas 15.7 and 19.4 in P. koraiensis and L. leptolepis stands, respectively. Precipitation leached on forest floor was occupied mainly by throughfall for all the stands, and it was specially higher in P. koraiensis stand. The amount of stemflow was appeared higher in Quercus stand(5.0%) than P. koraiensis stand(1.1%) or L. leptolepis stand(1.1%). The relationship between throughfall or stemflow and total precipitation in all the stands were highly significant.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.157-183
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• 1990

This study is proposed to research the rural clothing, dietary and housing style of living in order to adapt a basis which is supposed to improve the quality of rural life. The sample in this research comes from Daehang 1 Li, Bubuk Myun, Miryang Gun, Kyungnam, and the results are as following; Generally rural housewives are unconcerned with fashion or its information, instead, they care for the casual wear which represents economic and active life style. Because of their financial problems, inpurchasing, they spend only a small money without plan. When they launder Clothes, they use washing bat and pannel which is easy to break fabrics, and they ineffectively use to dry it by hands twisting. The total food intake per person in a day is 1170.6gram, and all nutrients intakes except fat and calcium exceed the recommended dietary allowances. But 90.3% of the food intakes are plant food, and the average food items taken per day per househod is 11.9items which are not so various, which represents the shortage of the nutrient quality. Both the nutrition knowledge score and the food habit score are very low. Therefore, in order to enhance the quality of clothing and diet in rural life, they need to learn clothing and nutrition management for their enlightment. The most comprehensive type of farmhouse site plan take the shape of ㄱ and ㄴ, and for the most part main building is the floor plan which includes 3-4 spans in front of the change from the type of traditional house, throught the revised one, to the type of newly built house. In main building of the farmhouse, kitchen, Kunbang and Chakunbang are extended to their real space, and both utility and the bathroom are added to build, and Malu is transformed into the living space.