• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.859-863
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• 2018

Objective: Since very little information exists about the topic; in this experiment we compare, in a long-term finishing program, the growth-performance responses and carcass characteristics of Holstein steers where non-structural carbohydrate concentration of the diet is reduced from 64% to 51% (dry matter basis). Methods: Sixty Holstein steer calves ($129{\pm}2.2kg$) were blocked by initial weight into five groups and randomly assigned within weight groupings to 10 pens. Calves were fed with a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diets containing 51% higher fiber (HF) or 64% lower fiber (LF) nonstructural carbohydrates. Non-structural carbohydrates concentrations were manipulated substituting dried distiller grain with solubles and alfalfa hay for flaked corn. Cattle were weighed every 112 days and at the end of the experiment (day 308) when the cattle were harvested and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Results: Steers fed the HF diet showed improvement (8.8%) in average daily gain (ADG) during the initial 112-d period. This effect was followed by a numerical trend for greater ADG throughout the remainder of the study so that overall ADG tended to be greater (4.9%, p = 0.06) for the HF than for LF. There were no treatment effects on dry matter intake. Gain efficiency and estimated dietary net energy (NE) were greater 8.3% and 5.2%, respectively for HF during the initial 112-d period. Overall (308-d) gain efficiency and estimated dietary NE were similar for both dietary treatments. However, due to differences in tabular dietary NE, the ratio of observed:expected dietary NE tended to be greater (4.1%, p = 0.06) for the HF vs LF diet. There were no treatment effects on carcass characteristics except for a tendency toward a slightly greater (0.5%, p = 0.09) estimated carcass yield. Conclusion: Reducing the non-structural carbohydrate concentration of a conventional steam-flaked corn-based growing finishing diet for Holstein steers can effectively enhance growth performance, particularly during the early growing and late finishing phases.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1996

To investigate the effects of phosphate($P_2O_5$) fertilization levels on the dry matter(DM) yield, nutrition yield, and $P_2O_5$ efficiency of forages in mixed sward of alfalfa-grasses, a field experiment arranged by randomized complete block design with five treatments(0, 50, 100, 150 and 200kg $P_2O_5$/ha) was conducted at Livestock Experiment Station in Suwon, September, 1990 to Feb~ary, 1993. During two years, average DM yields of forages increased as $P_2O_5$ fertilization level was increased, but no significant difference was found between DM 10,754kg of $P_2O_5$ 150kg/ha and DM 10,845kg of $P_2O_5$ 200kg/ha. Cmde protein and energy productivity of forages increased as $P_2O_5$ fertilization level was increased, and the increasing degree was highest between $P_2O_5$ l00kg and 150kg/ha feriilization. With increasing $P_2O_5$ fertilization, mineral contents tended to increase in P, K and WCa+ Mg equivalent ratio, but not to be regular in the other elements. Efficiency of $P_2O_5$ was highest at $P_2O_5$ 150kg/ha fertilization, which produced DM 12.8kg. net energy lactation 75.4MJ. starch equivalent 6.lkStE, and total digestible nutrients 8.6kg per Ikg $P_2O_5$.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.634-639
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• 2012

The contribution levels of emissions from the heavy-duty vehicles have been continuously increased. Among the exhaust emissions, NOx (nitric oxides) have a ratio of 73.2% and particle matters have a proportion of 61.8% in the heavy-duty vehicles. Also, natural gas vehicles have the 78.9% of total registered local buses in Korea. Therefore, the investigation on emission characteristics of heavy-duty vehicles using CNG and diesel fuel according to the various driving cycles was carried out in this study. In order to analyze the emission characteristics, the five kinds of buses by using CNG and diesel fuels with a after-treatment devices (DPF, p-DPF) was used and five test driving schedules were applied for analysis of emission characteristics in a chassis dynamometer. To analyze the exhaust emission, the exhaust emission and PM analyzers were used. From this study, it is revealed that diesel buses with after-treatment had reduced emission of CO, HC, PM but NOx. Also, NMHC emission of CNG bus have a higher level and NOx level was similar with diesel buses. In addition, emissions in NIER06 with slow average speed shows lowest levels compared to other test modes.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2017

The types of installation of the photovoltaic system applied to domestic residential buildings are classified as follows: Mounted modules with air circulation, semi-integrated modules with air duct behind, integrated modules with fully insulated back. In order to study generation characteristics of PV system, we verified the validity of interpretation program based on long-term measurement data of demonstration house installed in BAPV form and also analyzed the generation characteristics and performance of each installation type. The results are as follows. First, the RMSE of amount of generation and simulation according to annual daily insolation of demonstration system located in Daejeon was 0.98kWh and the range of relative error of monthly power generation was -5.8 to 3.1. Second, the average annual PR of mounted modules was 82%, semi-integrated modules 76.1% and integrated modules 71.9%. This differences were attributed to temperature loss. Third, the range of operating temperature of annual hourly photovoltaic modules was -6.5 to $61.0^{\circ}C$ for mounted modules, $-6.0{\sim}73.9^{\circ}C$ for semi-integrated modules and -5.5 to $88.9^{\circ}C$ for integrated modules. The temperature loss of each installation type was -14.0 to 16.1%, -13.8 to 21.9%, and -13.6 to 28.5%, respectively.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 1980

$T_3-BSA\;and\;T_4-BSA$ conjugates were prepared and identified spectrophotometrically. The ${\lambda}max$ of the conjugates was just coincided with that of BSA, but the molar extinction coefficients of the conjugates were generally larger than that of BSA itself. The molar ratios of $T_3:\;BSA\;and\;T_4:\;BSA$ in the prepared conjugates were found to be 9:1 and 5:1, respectively. The titers of the $T_3$ antisera were generally higher (max. $1.5{\times}10^4:1$) than those of $T_3$ (max. $2{\times}10^3:1$), and the average cross reactivity of the $T_3$ antibody with $T_3$ was lower (0.45%) than that of $T_4$ antibody with $T_3(3{\sim}4%)$. The results of the study indicate that the predominant cause of the lower titers and the lower specificity of the $T_4$ antisera comparing with those of $T_3$ is mainly due to the unstability of the $T_4-BSA$ and consequent degradation of the conjugate to $T_3-BSA$ during preparation, purification, and even during immunization. The lower molar ratio of $T_4$ to BSA in the preparation stage is also considered to be a minor factor. By measuring $T_3,\;T_4$ levels in the reference control serum, it has been confirmed that the prepared antisera can sufficiently be utilized, respectively, in the established radioimmunoassay systems.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.3-15
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• 2001

목포항의 수질과 영양상태의 계절 변화를 구명하고 평가하기 위하여 1996년 8원부터 1999년 8월까지 3년간 현장 관측과 수질 분석을 실시하였다. 첫째, 투명도, 용존무기질소, 인산인 및 클로로필 a와 같은 수질 항목에 대하여 OECD 영양분류기준을 적용한 결과, 목포항 해수의 영양수준은 4계절 내내 중영양 내지 부영양 상태로 평가되었고, 특히 하계에는 부영양 상태로 나타났다. 둘째, 비록 목포항 수질은 화학적 산소요구량에 의하면 해역수질 환경기준의 2급수 내지 3급수로 평가되지만, 부영양화에 의한 오염지수를 산정한 결과에 의하면, 목포항은 수질이 악화되어 4계절 내내 3급수에도 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 부영양도를 산정한 결과, 특히 하계 또는 추계에 목포항에서 적조 발생 잠재력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 해수중에 존재하는 인에 대한 질소의 평균원자비(N/P)를 살펴보면, 목포항에서 식물플랑크톤의 성장에 대한 제한 영양 인자는 질소라기보다는 인으로 나타났다

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2010

소규모 섬지역 어촌에서의 생활쓰레기 발생량, 발생특성 및 적정 처리방안을 연구하기 위하여 전라북도 군산시 소재 선유도를 대상으로 조사를 실시하였다. 조사는 하절기인 8월과 동절기인 12월에 실시하였다. 1인 1일 쓰레기 발생량은 0.65 kg으로 나타나 전국 평균치에 비하여 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 성상별로는 가연성분중 주방쓰레기, 종이류, 비닐 및 플라스틱 순으로 높게 나타났다. 쓰레기의 최종처분방식으로는 원소분석조사 결과 C/N비를 기준으로 볼 때 연평균 40정도로 나타나 퇴비화는 부적절한 것으로 나타났다. 저위발열량은 연평균 1,230 kcal/kg으로 나타나 보조연료의 투입 없이도 자체적인 소각이 가능한 중질폐기물에 해당되는 것으로 나타나 소각이 적절한 처리방안인 것으로 평가되었다. 전체 쓰레기 중 음식물 쓰레기가 차지하는 비율이 전국 평균치보다 상당히 높게 나타나 음식물 쓰레기 처리를 위한 퇴비화, 지렁이 사육시설 보급이 필요한 것으로 나타났으며 음식물 쓰레기를 제외한 쓰레기에 대해서는 소각 처리하는 것이 적절한 것으로 평가되었다. 도서지역 생활쓰레기 적정 처리를 위해서는 효율적인 수거 방안의 확립을 통한 수거효율 증대가 필요한 것으로 평가되었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2006

This is an analysis of the dietary behavior, nutrient intake status and INQ(Index of nutritional quality) of 129 college women according to their residences in the Daegu area. The average height and weight were 160.0 cm and 54.5 kg respectively. Diet intake data were obtained by using the 24-hour recall method to evaluate the usual diet of the subjects. The energy intake of the group, living alone was higher than that of living a roommate and living at home. Ca, Fe, Zn and folate intakes were low in all the groups. The composition rate of carbohydrate, protein and fat for energy intake was 58.9 : 15.5 : 25.6 in living alone, 59.9 : 15.1 : 25.0 in living with a roommate and 61.2 : 15.5 : 23.3 in living at home, compared with the preferred of 65 : 15 : 20. The group living alone showed significantly better mean adequacy ratio(MAR, 0.7) than the other groups (p<0.05). The group living with a roommate showed significantly better INQ in vitamin $B_6$ (p<0.01) and Fe (p<0.05) than the other groups did In conclusion, this study indicates that nutrient intake in college women in Daegu is considerably lower than the RDA values. Furthermore the group living alone showed better dietary behavior and nutrient intake status than the other groups. A nutrition education program for college women is necessary.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권3_spc호
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• pp.427-433
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• 2021

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Achyranthes japonica extracts (AJE) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial shedding, and fecal gas emission of growing pigs. Methods: A total of 180 ([Landrace×Yorkshire]×Duroc) growing pigs with initial body weight (BW) of 23.94±1.54 kg were used in this study to investigate the effects of AJE as a feed additive. Dietary treatments included: i) CON (basal diet), ii) TRT1 (basal diet+0.05% AJE), and iii) TRT2 (basal diet+0.10% AJE). Results: As a result of the dietary supplementation of 0% to 0.10% AJE, a linear increase of BW (p<0.05) on d 21 and 42, a linear increase of average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.05) during d 21 to 42, a trend in linear increase of ADG (p<0.10) during d 0 to 21 and d 0 to 42, a linear increase of gain to feed ratio (G:F) (p<0.05) during d 0 to 42, and a tendency in the linear increase of G:F during d 21 to 42 were observed in this study. Additionally, dietary supplementation of 0% to 0.10% AJE had a linear increase (p<0.05) on the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM) and energy, a linear increase (p<0.05) on lactic acid bacteria counts, a tendency in reducing (linear effect, p<0.10) coliform bacteria counts, and a linear decrease (p<0.05) in excreta H2S emission content in growing pigs. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results suggested that AJE had the potential to enhance growth performance, DM and energy digestibility, and fecal lactic acid bacteria counts, and decrease the fecal coliform bacteria counts and excreta H2S emission in growing pigs.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.422-434
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• 2022

Objectives: With an increase in the population of the elderly in Korea, their nutritional status has become a cause for concern. This study was designed to compare the nutritional intake and health status of the Korean elderly according to their body mass index. Methods: The subjects were 3,274 elderly people aged 65 and above who had participated in the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were divided into four groups: underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, based on their BMI. The general characteristics, daily energy, and nutrient intakes, nutrient intakes compared to the recommended nutrient intake, percentage of participants whose nutrient intake was lower than the estimated average requirement (EAR), index of nutrient quality, the mean adequacy ratio (MAR), intakes by food group, and health status of the four groups were compared. Results: Underweight elderly people showed lower energy, lipids, dietary fiber, vitamin C, riboflavin, niacin, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium intake and MAR score (P < 0.001) compared to the normal or obese elderly. The mean protein, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, phosphorus, and iron intake of the underweight elderly was lower than the EAR (P < 0.05). Underweight elderly people also had a lower intake of vegetables and fats, oil and sweets food groups than the other groups (P < 0.001). The prevalence of diabetes and dyslipidemia was higher in the obese group, but the percentage of anemia was higher in the underweight group. Conclusions: Underweight elderly people were vulnerable to undernutrition and were at a higher risk of anemia.