• 보험의학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.180-188
• /
• 1988

A study on the standard cardiothoracic ratio calculated from the photofluorography film of chest in a total of 8,030 insured persons(3,449 men and 4,581 women) was undertaken. The results were as follows: 1) The linear regression equations were formed from the 99% confidence ilmits of actually measured average cardiothoracic ratio by weight index. The cardiothoracic ratios by weight index estimated by above mentioned equations, namely theoretic values of cardiothoracic ratio, should be regarded as the standard cardiothoracic ratios. 2) It seems that the standard cardiothoracic ratio${\pm}10%$ deviation should be regarded as the normal limits of cardiothoracic ratio. 3) The tables of standard cardiothoracic ratio by weight index and the normal limits of cardiothoracic ratio by weight index were presented. 4) The average weight index and cardiothoracic ratio in all males and females were 0.993 and 43.3%, and 0.997 and 46.3% respectively. 5) In order to evaluate the cardiothoracic ratio more accurately, the establishment of the standard cardiothoracic ratio by build is considered to be reasonable.

• 교육시설 논문지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2017

The efforts for sustainable development in building construction is widely applied by global organizations, governments, etc. However, according to the researchers, if the green rating systems on the building, it is reported that construction costs and durations are increased compared to conventional buildings. In this respect, the objective of this study is to identify the construction costs between LEED and non-LEED buildings. The scope of this study is limited in 21 university buildings of Canada. The methodology is as follows: First, the data of LEED and non-LEED buildings are collected in every university building. Second, the average construction costs per square meter is collected and normality check is conducted. Third, to identify statistical significance, the difference of average construction costs is analyzed by using T-test. As a result, it is concluded that the construction costs of LEED buildings are increased by approximately 3.8% more than non-LEED buildings. In the future, the results of this study can be applied to analyzing the additional costs according to the LEED grade in educational buildings.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the research is to find difficulty levels of LEED credits in each LEED level based on credits achievement in order to find important of LEED-HC credits to gain LEED-HC. Methods: The individual credits of LEED-HC v.2009 scorecards from USGBC website are analyzed. With achieved scores rate of LEED credits per each Level, all credits are reassembled in 4 different ranges (A~D); easy (A), easy-moderate (B), moderate-hard (C) and hard (D) to achieve scores. Results: 1) Achieved point rate in LEED-HC specific credits are low. These credits need to be reviewed carefully. 2) In 88 projects, 37 projects are gained Silver level which is more than projects in certification level. In order to encourage to gain LEED-HC level, Average Achieved rate to earn Certificate level needs to be risen. 3) Credits in range D rarely affect to gain platinum level. EAc1 (24 points) are critical to gain Silver and Gold level. However, EAc1 points are not effective to achieve Certificate level. Implications: This research will provide a fundamental back data to set up Korean Green building rating system for Healthcare.

• 보건의료산업학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate patient experience assessment of inpatients, and to prepare measures to improve the quality level of medical services and guarante patient rights. Methods: The study was conducted among 199 patients admitted to hospitals and general hospitals in the metropolitan area. The analysis method used was crossover analysis, including a comparison of means, and logistic regression analysis. Results: The overall average score of satisfaction with healthcare service was 3.39 for nurses, 3.35 for hospitals and 3.42 for general hospitals. Age at the time of hospitalization affected satisfaction. The overall average score of healthcare service satisfaction was 3.09 for doctors, 3.14 for hospitals, and 3.04 for general hospitals. The factors affecting hospital satisfaction were gender and subjective health status. The factors affecting satisfaction in general hospitals were education, medical department, and hospitalization route. Conclusions: Hospitals should also introduce a systematic management system of general hospitals and strengthen the guarantee of the rights of patients who can improve the quality of medical care through positive communication between medical personnel and patients.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.14-19
• /
• 2024

"Chamgreen" was a domestically developed rye (Secale cereal L.) cultivar in South Korea, known for its quick heading, cold resistance, and abundant yield of forage. The heading date of cv. 'Chamgreen' averaged April 17th, which was 4 days earlier than the standard cv. 'Gogu'. In the early harvesting stage, the plant height reached an average of 119 cm, 7 cm taller than the standard cv. 'Gogu', and the number of spikes per m² was 865, slightly less than cv. 'Gogu's 897. Resistance to cold and powdery mildow remained consistent across four regions nationwide over three years, with an average rating of 0, matching cv. 'Gogu'. Lodging resistance was also rated at 2, equivalent to cv. 'Gogu'. The dry matter yield of cv. 'Chamgreen' was 9.1 tons per hectare, 15% higher than cv. 'Gogu's 7.9 tons. Although the protein content in cv. 'Chamgreen' was 13.5%, 1.6% lower than cv. 'Gogu', the total digestible nutrients (TDN) content was 5.81 tons per hectare, 20% higher than cv. 'Gogu'. Due to its strong cold resistance, cv. 'Chamgreen' allows for winter cultivation through double cropping and rotation systems in various regions across the country.

• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 디지털예보(현 동네예보) 자료를 활용하여 우리나라의 산불위험예보의 정확도 향상은 물론 기상에 의한 산불위험지수를 산출하여 한반도의 산불위험예보 체계를 구축하는데 있다. 한반도 지역의 산불발생위험을 나타내는 기상지수(daily weather index, DWI)를 산출하기 위해 기상청의 5km 격자간격의 디지털예보자료를 이용하였다. DWI 분석을 위해 온도, 습도, 풍속 UV, 1시간 강우량, 12시간 강우량을 대상으로 한반도 전역에 대한 기상요소별 기후분포도를 제작하였다. 한반도의 기상에 의한 일일 DWI 산출을 위해 대형산불이 자주 발생하는 강원도 지역의 산불발생확률식 $[1+{\exp}\{-(2.494+(0.004{\times}T_{max})-(0.008{\times}EF))\}]^{-1}$을 적용하였다. 기상예보자료의 예측정확도 검증을 위해 RDAPS, 디지털예보, 실황자료 모두 2005년 12월 12일 15시 자료를 대상으로 비교 분석한 결과 76개 기상관측소에서 관측한 실황자료에 대응하는 기상요소별 디지털예보의 예측값이 RDAPS 추출 자료보다 향상된 예측결과를 보였다. 산불위험예보 정확도 검증을 위해 사용한 실황자료와 디지털예보자료의 평균오차는 평균 기온 $0.2^{\circ}C$, 실효습도 2.4%, 평균풍속 2.2m/s로 나타나 큰 변이는 없었지만, 평균풍속에서 실측값과 예측값간의 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 디지털예보자료를 활용할 경우 RDAPS 자료보다 산불위험예보의 정확도가 크게 향상되는 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 산불위험예보의 정확도 검증을 위해 실황자료와 디지털예보자료를 적용하여 예측된 전국 233개 시 군 구의 평균 산불위험지수를 각각 추출하여 비교한 결과 $R^2$=0.854의 높은 정확도를 보였다. 산불위험도가 가장 높은 15시의 실제 76개소에서 관측한 기상자료를 적용하여 전국의 산불위험지수를 예측한 값은 70.5로 디지털예보자료를 적용하여 예측한 위험지수(70.0)와 0.5의 오차를 보여 예측력이 개선되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 디지털예보를 적용할 경우 실황자료와의 예측력이 검증된 만큼 향후 기상에 의한 한반도의 산불발생위험지수를 보다 정확하게 계산하는데 유용하게 이용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 대구광역시의 대표적 도시자연공원인 앞산도시자연공원의 주요 계곡인 큰골, 안지랑골, 매자골의 주요 등산로를 대상으로 등산로의 훼손현황, 주연부 식물상을 조사하여 훼손유형분류에 따른 복원방안을 도출하여 보다 쾌적한 도시자연공원이 되도록 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 앞산을 중심으로 조사한 3개의 등산로의 총 9km, 69개 지점에서 등산로 상태를 조사한 결과, 평균등산로 폭이 2.0~2.6m, 뿌리노출이 2,108m(23.4%), 암석노출이 3,199m(35.5%), 노면침식이 3,280m(36.6%), 토양경도가 강견($2.5kg/cm^2$)으로 4,841m(53.8%), 훼손발생지역이 83곳으로 훼손이 심각한 것으로 나타났으며, 등산로 주연부에서 확인된 식물상은 총 79과 206속 306종이었다. 귀화율과 도시화지수는 인간간섭의 정도와 강도를 나타내는 하나의 지표로서 큰골이 각각 7.0%, 5.5%, 안지랑골이 각각 8.3%, 4.5%, 매자골이 각각 8.6%, 6.2%, 전체가 각각 7.8%, 8.3%로 나타났다. 등산로 주변으로 확산되는 훼손의 진행단계와 범위를 파악하기 위한 환경피해도는 5등급 이상의 비율이 큰골이 24.3%, 안지랑골이 17.1%, 매자골이 21.6%로 큰골이 피해가 가장 심했으며, 큰골, 매자골, 안지랑골의 순으로 피해가 심하게 나타났다. 본 조사구간의 환경피해도 결과를 보면 등산로는 이용과밀로 인한 침식과 뿌리노출, 암석노출의 훼손현상이 일어나면서 등산로의 훼손이 점점 심각해지고 확산될 수 있다는 의미로 해석할 수 있다. 따라서 현재의 상태를 방치할 경우 침식이 가속화 될 뿐 아니라 뿌리노출, 암석노출, 노폭확산 등의 피해가 잇따르므로 침식구간의 정비가 시급한 것으로 판단된다.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.91-106
• /
• 2001

This study examined relationships between peer variables and externalizing behavior problems of 290 4th and 5th grade children in elementary school. The children completed the Friendship Quality Scale and the peer nomination questionnaire. Parents and teachers rated behavior problems of children using the Connors' Rating Scale. Results indicated that rejected children had more behavior problems than popular, average, or neglected children. Socio-emotional supports from a close friend and satisfaction with the friend were negatively related to behavior problems. Behavior problems were mainly predicted by low peer acceptance, and behavior problems of rejected children were negatively and strongly related to socio-emotional supports of a close friend. In conclusion, peer rejection was a risk factor and a friend's support was a protective factor for externalizing behavior problems in 4th and 5th graders.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.113-125
• /
• 2008

In order to develop leisure activity programs, the responses of 900 middle and high school students to a questionnaire survey were analyzed. Between May 7 and May 21, 2007. we routinely interviewed adolescent (middle and high school) students from Daegu City. After initial screening, the responses of 874 students were used for statistical and descriptive analysis. The findings were as follows: 1) Respondents indicated the highest preference for 9-leisure activity programs, with physical training rating the highest. 2) Adolescent requirement for leisure activity programs varied according to demographic factors; sex, age, religion, family living standards level, monthly average allowance. 3) Adolescent requirement for leisure activity programs varied according to value disposition patterns; materialism and job achievement-oriented value disposition, human relationship-oriented value disposition, enjoyment-oriented value disposition. 4) Adolescent requirement for leisure activity programs varied according to leisure-constrains factors; social constrains, individual and time constrains, family constrains, economic constrains.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.233-244
• /
• 2011

Objectives : To evaluate the effectiveness of direct moxibustion in patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). Methods : 5 patients (3 females and 2 males) with FBSS underwent direct moxibustion on ouch points (阿是穴) for 10 to 15 weeks (once a week). The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated with NRS (numerical rating scale), ODI (Oswestry disability index), BDI (Beck depression inventory) score, SF-36 (short form 36 health survey) score and PSQI (Pittsburgh sleep quality index) before and after the treatment. Results : Within observation period, average value changed from 10.0 to 4.2 in NRS of pain, from 37.0 to 20.6 in ODI, from 20.6 to 12.0 in BDI score, 42.2 to 62.6 in SF-36 score, and from 8.6 to 5.2 in PSQI. Conclusions : Direct moxibustion on FBSS patients showed more or equivalent effectiveness when compared to conventional FBSS treatment modalities.