• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.6 no.2 s.12
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• pp.77-102
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• 2006

This paper analyzes shaping of the discourse of "avoidance of S&T" throughout 2002 in Korea and main ideas on it and argues that the Korean S&T community is not homogeneous. The Korean S&T community consists of many subgroups with different interest mainly according to the institutions where they work as well as their specialties, qualifications, and tasks. The discourse of avoidance of S&T" was begun with the first notice of the rapid decrease in applications of Korean SAT for S&T majors in the middle of 2001. The decrease was interpreted as a warning sign of the avoidance of S&T among teenagers and developed into the avalanche of discussions on the causes of such rapid decrease around the end of the year. However, through 2002, the "avoidance of S&T' was developed into a general policy agenda covering most of problems in S&T, not just a teenagers' issue any more. Many scientists and engineers claimed that their own difficulties and problems be the main causes of the "avoidance of S&T". In the name of measures to overcome the avoidance, they requested the government to solve their problems and to accept their demands. Those claims varied from group to group. Some of them were shared among all scientists and engineers; some of them were criticized by other groups with different interest in it; some of them did not get any attention of other groups. Scientists and engineers seemed to have no idea on cooperative strategy to draw positive response to their requests from the government.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Airborne electromagnetics (AEM) is a useful tool for investigating volcanic structures because it can survey large and inaccessible areas. Disadvantages include lower accuracy and limited depth of investigation. The Grounded Electrical Source Airborne Transient Electromagnetic(GREATEM)survey system was developed to increase the depth of investigation possible using AEM. The method was tested in a survey at Mount Bandai in north-eastern Japan. Mount Bandai is an andesitic stratovolcano that rises 1819m above sea level. An eruption in July 1888 left a hoof-shaped collapsed wall in its northern crater and avalanche debris at its base. Previous surveys of Mount Bandai allow for comparisons of data on its structure and collapse mechanism as obtained by GREATEM and other geophysical methods. The results show resistive structures in recent volcanic cones and conductive structures in the collapsed-crater area. Conductive areas around the collapsed wall correspond to an alteration zone resulting from hydrothermal activity, supporting the contention that a major cause of the collapse associated with the 1888 eruption was hydrothermal alteration that structurally weakened the interior of the volcanic edifice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.841-846
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• 2019

Effect of misalignment on the performance was evaluated for the development of time-of-flight(TOF)-PET detector. A pair of TOF-PET detector consists of Lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate(LYSO) scintillation crystal with a volume of 3 mm × 3 mm × 20 mm and Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes(GAPD) photo-sensor with a active area of 3.07 mm × 3.07 mm. Analog output signals from TOF-PET detector were sent to the pre-amplifier and then fed into the gain adjust circuit for achievement of gain homogeneity for each detector. The amplified signals were recorded and digitized by data acquisition system based on oscilloscope. The effect of the detector misalignment between LYSO and GAPD was examined for four different alignment offsets of 0.0 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm for a pair of TOF-PET detector. The photopeak position decreased from ~400 mV to ~250 mV with increasing detector misalignment. the energy resolution and time resolution were degraded from 11.6% to 16.2%, and from 477 ps to 632 ps, respectively. This study demonstrated that PET detector performance was degraded considerably depending on the detector misalignment, which would be a critical issue for the development of TOF-PET detector.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

Recent technical developments have transformed how neuroscientists can probe brain function. What was once thought to be difficult and perhaps impossible, stimulating a single set of long range inputs among many, is now relatively straight-forward using optogenetic approaches. This has provided an avalanche of data demonstrating causal roles for circuits in a variety of behaviors. However, despite the critical role that neuropeptide signaling plays in the regulation of behavior and physiology of the brain, there have been remarkably few studies demonstrating how peptide release is causally linked to behaviors. This is likely due to both the different time scale by which peptides act on and the modulatory nature of their actions. For example, while glutamate release can effectively transmit information between synapses in milliseconds, peptide release is potentially slower [See the excellent review by Van Den Pol on the time scales and mechanisms of release (van den Pol, 2012)] and it can only tune the existing signals via modulation. And while there have been some studies exploring mechanisms of release, it is still not as clearly known what is required for efficient peptide release. Furthermore, this analysis could be complicated by the fact that there are multiple peptides released, some of which may act in contrast. Despite these limitations, there are a number of groups making progress in this area. The goal of this review is to explore the role of peptide signaling in one specific structure, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, that has proven to be a fertile ground for peptide action.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.73-87
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• 2023

Furnishing traffic safety information can contribute to providing hazard warnings to drivers, thereby avoiding crashes. A smart road lighting platform that instantly recognizes road conditions using various sensors and provides appropriate traffic safety information has therefore been developed. This study analyzes the short-term traffic safety improvement effects of the smart road lighting's tunnel traffic safety information service using surrogate safety measures (SSM). Individual driving behavior was investigated by applying the vehicle trajectory data collected with RADAR in the Anin Avalanche 1 and 2 tunnel sections in Gangneung. Comparing accumulated speeding, speed variation, time-to-collision, and deceleration rate to avoid the crash before and after providing traffic safety information, all SSMs showed significant improvement, indicating that the tunnel traffic safety information service is beneficial in improving traffic safety. Analyzing potential crash risk in the subdivided tunnel and access road sections revealed that providing traffic safety information reduced the probability of traffic accidents in most segments. The results of this study will be valuable for analyzing the short-term quantitative effects of traffic safety information services.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.112-127
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• 1998

A meeting for Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering took place, from May 20-21 in Sapporo, Japan, with the presentations of 21 special topics and 185 general papers. Special topics consists of 6 copies on volcanic disaster prevention, 6 copies on the activity report of Earthquake Erosion Control Engineering Society, 5 copies on the management and guidelines of riparian zone and 4 copies on debris disaster occurred in 1997. General papers consists of 10 copies on slope stability, 10 copies on slope failure, 9 copies on earthquake, 41 copies on environmental erosion control, 25 copies on debris flow, 11 copies on warning and refuge, 10 copies on erosion control plan, 11 copies on erosion control project, 10 copies on erosion control facility, 12 copies on volcanic erosion control, 4 copies on revegetation technology, 4 copies on forest hydrology, 4 copies on avalanche, 4 copies on landslide, 18 copies on debris flow and 2 other copies presented by international student. Among the special topics, 5 papers with the titles of the function and structure of riparian zone, the interactive relation of flood and riparian zone, the management method of channel and river forest for controlling debris flow, the forest restoration efforts by native population, the law and social issue for building river riparian zone were presented in the subsection of "The Management and Guidelines of Riparian Zone". Thus, this article summarize and introduce the presented contents which are very important and can be referred to keep environmentally sound-river in the erosion control field.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.73 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1986

In general, the snow injury in forestry is an unusual disaster. The degree of snow injury varies greatly depending on stand density and the local topography. This study was conducted to investigate the snow injury in analyzing the demaged by snow-fall in Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo. The results obtained were summarized as follow; Among 466 total damaged trees, 425 trees were broken and 41 trees were uprooted, the ratio of damage were 5.22%, 2.49%, 0.92% and 0.2% for Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, Pinus rigida, Alnus hirsuta respectively. The 95% of the damage trees were in the range of 3 to 11 m for height and in the range of 3 to 20 cm for D. B. H.. The directions of the damage trees had a large influence by direction of the wind, but they shown at high tendency to aspect of the slope relatively. The 82% of the damaged trees ranged from 11 to 24 age. The ratio of broken height ($H_B/H$) indicated that the damage was most frequent in the part of stem as 24%, 45%, 31% in the part of the root collar (0.1), stem (0.2-0.4), crown (0.5-1.0) respectively. In general, trees with stem-form coefficient ($H_B/D$) over 0.7-0.8 are apt to suffer by snow damage. The average of stem-form coefficient of trees in this area was 1.06. Therefore, the ratio of damage was high tendency as 3.14%. These results indicate that it is necessary to apply pertinent tending which will increase in resistance of snow damage. As avalanches from the flank of soil erosion rise in an importance matter in present, it should also be considered to measures for prevention and restoration.