• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.39-50
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• 2011

This study furnishes basis data for plan foundation and proper valuation of view by presenting objective and concrete selection standards and ways of Landscape Control Point(LCP) on valuation of development projects. To sum up the results of study, it establishes the prospect, publicity and direction of view as a selection standard LCP on precedent studies. The prospect, which includes visual range, direction of view, geographical features, and visibility, sets up as a valuation basis picking out the available places which have alterations according to direction and distance in practice. In the case of publicity, to select the place as there presentative area where public activities often happen than others, thirteen evaluation indexes including administration facilities, educational facilities, commercial facilities and so on. And variation of landscape is set up as an assessment index to know how much the land has changed from the beginning to the end of development. To apply the selection standards to sample places, the preliminary LCP is founded by analyzing both the prospect and published; a series of courses for selecting the final LCP is founded by analyzing the preliminary LCP and variableness of landscape on a basic of placed which have many alterations of view. At last, in the case of a selection system for LCP, the preliminary LCP is founded by analyzing both the prospect and publicity; a series of courses for selecting the final LCP is found by analyzing the preliminary LCP and variableness of landscape. Applying selection standards and the assessment index to the Sam-deok 3 residence improvement area, in the case of prospect, the southern distant view area has the largest extent. Next, the results of the assessment using the system of publicity show that a five-lane road is taking up the largest area. Hence, a total of 48 preliminary LCPs are set up by analyzing both the prospect and publicity. The results of analyzing landscape variation, one of the valuation indexes, show that Sam-deok dong around the post office has the highest rate of variation at 28.07%. Finally, three LCPs in each part, which are close range, middle range and distance view, are selected; thus, a total of nine LCPs are selected. The selected LCPs that go through a series of practical courses like a GIS program have a lot of professional opinions and are expected to secure objectivity of landscape assessment.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 1984

Since 1966, practical use of active heavy analogs of the hormones has been also worked out as an insecticide and brought the features of it to the light as cocoon producer. On the other hand, it is expected to afford the increase of silk productivity resulted from control of the fifth larval period by delaying normal development. With these regards, some of analogs have been tried to apply practically to the silkworm for an increase of cocoon productivity. One of the synthesized juvenile hormone available is "Manina". And it is presently used for the increase of silk productivity in Korea. For the practical use, it is very essential the varietal differences in the increase of silk productivity by topical application was tested and the obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. It was evident that the fifty larval period was extended by topical application after 48 hrs. of the last ecdysis, ranging from 8 hrs. to one day, as compared to the control. 2. In pupal rates, there is no significance between control and treatments. It proved that there was no toxicity to silkworm by topical application in general, except jam 120. With regards to an increase of cocoon yield in Japanese, it was resulted from 17∼24% of cocoon yield from 10,000 larvae, as compared to that of control. In case of Chinese, the incrasing rates were varied from 15∼26% of cocoon yield, 17.8kg of it with 26% increase for Jam 122 and 16.7kg of it with 25% increase for Jam 118. In case of all hybrids, an increase of the cocoon yield took places from 20% to 31% and the weight of cocoon layer for the Japanese increased by 6 to 14%, those for the Chinese by 4 to 7% and those for the hybrids ranged from 21 to 29% increase. 3. It was recognized that the hybrid vigor rate took places with the hybrids between high responsing parents to juvenile hormones.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.11-15
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• 1984

To save the labour reguired for separation of copulated moth during egg Production, some of the chemicals available at the market were on screen test for easy separation of copulated moth of silkworm. The obtained results are summarized as following. 1. In a separation ratio of copulated moth along with a treating time, TCTFE(Trichloro-trifluoroethane) completely separated the copulated moth in 10 minutes. The combinations of TCTFE plus Acetone (87.5 : 12.5 V/V) and TCTFE plus Acetic acid (50 : 50 V/V) take 25minutes for the complete separation of copulated moth. Use of Acetic acid solution only makes 100% separation of copulated moth in one hour and foully minutes and non$.$treatment shows only 47.5% of separation in three and half hours. On the other hand. There is no statistical significance between TCTFE Plus Acetone and control in the egg productivity. 2. The combination of TCTFE Plus Acetone (87.5 : 12.5 V/V) does not infuluence the egg productivity of the moth, showing 443 grains for an average number of egg per moth out of which 417 grains are for the number of fertilized eggs while control shows 452 grains for an avarage number of egg/moth and 428 grains for the number of fertilized eggs. However a sing1e use of TCTFE and Acetic acid shows less egg productivity and number of ferilized eggs per moth, respectively as compared to those of the control. In particular, a single use of acetic acid makes an increase of number of non-egg prodncible moth and it seems to be brought due to a chemical damage. 3. In a rearing test of the egg laid by the chemical treated moth, there are no differences among the treatments in all of the useful characters of the larvae; larval duration, survival rate, cocoon yield, single cocoon weight, single cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell ratio. In these regards, it is recognized that TCTFE can be practically used for the separation of copulated moth and the combination of TCTFE and Acetone promote its efiectiveness on the separation of copulated moth.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.157-184
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• 2010

Global climate change is destroying the water circulation balance by changing rates of precipitation, recharge and discharge, and evapotranspiration. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007) makes "changes in rainfall pattern due to climate system changes and consequent shortage of available water resource" a high priority as the weakest part among the effects of human environment caused by future climate changes. Groundwater, which occupies a considerable portion of the world's water resources, is related to climate change via surface water such as rivers, lakes, and marshes, and "direct" interactions, being indirectly affected through recharge. Therefore, in order to quantify the effects of climate change on groundwater resources, it is necessary to not only predict the main variables of climate change but to also accurately predict the underground rainfall recharge quantity. In this paper, the authors selected a relevant climate change scenario, In this context, the authors selected A1B from the Special Report on Emission Scenario (SRES) which is distributed at Korea Meteorological Administration. By using data on temperature, rainfall, soil, and land use, the groundwater recharge rate for the research area was estimated by period and embodied as geographic information system (GIS). In order to calculate the groundwater recharge quantity, Visual HELP3 was used as main model for groundwater recharge, and the physical properties of weather, temperature, and soil layers were used as main input data. General changes to water circulation due to climate change have already been predicted. In order to systematically solve problems associated with how the groundwater resource circulation system should be reflected in future policies pertaining to groundwater resources, it may be urgent to recalculate the groundwater recharge quantity and consequent quantity for using via prediction of climate change in Korea in the future and then reflection of the results. The space-time calculation of changes to the groundwater recharge quantity in the study area may serve as a foundation to present additional measures for the improved management of domestic groundwater resources.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.98-106
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• 2011

Establishing conservation programs to protect and maintain populations of endangered species are not only a global trend, but also a pursuit endorsed by the Korean Environmental Conservation Act. This study evaluates the feasibility of alternative habitat patches for the endangered butterfly Parnassius bremeri. A portion of habitat of P. bremeri is expected to be fragmented and damaged due to the scheduled construction of the Sangju-Yongduk Highway. A trans fer of the habitat patches of P. bremeri is also scheduled. In order to select an alternative habitat patch, the Mark-Release-Recapture (MRR) method was used to simulate a patch transfer model. The connectedness between habitat are as and the survival of local populations were evaluated for each candidate habitat. It was found that metapopulations with patch distances of <250m showed a 50% connectedness and survival rate in local populations. P. bremeri were expected to migrate at an average distance of 300m. In addition, P. bremeri formed a metapopulation that exhibited intimate patch dynamics that promoted persistence among these patches. Possible candidate habitats including those recommended by local governing bodies were evaluated along with habitats that may counter problems arising from the damage done to the original habitat and habitats that may have a compensatory value equal to that of the original habitat. Based on these criteria, Ansa-myeon township office was selected due to its high scores. This scoring was based on a consideration of a wide range of variables that mark a successful transfer of habitat. These include the amount of funding available, the governing bodies of the possible alternative habitat, and the Expected collaborative effort of local citizens. This decision was collaborated on by incorporating the expertise of various fields of study including biology, ecology, biogeography, ecological engineering, landscape architecture, and social sciences. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to evaluate an alternative habitat for organisms, many social issues as well as ecological issues must be considered.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1047-1061
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• 2015

Stratified random sampling is a powerful sampling strategy to reduce variance of the estimators by incorporating useful auxiliary information to stratify the population. Sample allocation is the one of the important decisions in selecting a stratified random sample. There are two common methods, the proportional allocation and Neyman allocation if we could assume data collection cost for different observation units equal. Theoretically, Neyman allocation considering the size and standard deviation of each stratum, is known to be more effective than proportional allocation which incorporates only stratum size information. However, if the information on the standard deviation is inaccurate, the performance of Neyman allocation is in doubt. It has been pointed out that Neyman allocation is not suitable for multi-purpose sample survey that requires the estimation of several characteristics. In addition to sampling error, non-response error is another factor to evaluate sampling strategy that affects the statistical precision of the estimator. We propose new sample allocation methods using the available information about stratum response rates at the designing stage to improve stratified random sampling. The proposed methods are efficient when response rates differ considerably among strata. In particular, the method using population sizes and response rates improves the Neyman allocation in multi-purpose sample survey.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.288-297
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• 2002

Purpose: Soft tissue attenuation and scattering are major methodological limitations of myocardial perfusion SPECT. To overcome these limitations, algorithms for attenuation, scatter correction and resolution recovery (ASCRR) is being developed, while quantitative myocardial SPECT has also become available. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of an ASCRR-corrected quantitative myocardial SPECT method for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and Methods: Seventy-five patients (M:F=51:24, $61.0{\pm}8.9$ years old) suspected of CAD who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) within $7{\pm}12$ days of SPECT(Group-I) and 20 subjects (M:F=10:10, age $40.6{\pm}9.4$) with a low likelihood of coronary artery disease (Group-II) were enrolled. Tl-201 rest/ dipyridamole-stress Tc-99m-MIBI gated myocardial SPECT was performed. ASCRR correction was peformed using a Gd-153 line source and automatic software (Vantage-Pro; ADAC Labs, USA). Using a 20-segment model, segmental perfusion was automatically quantified on both the ASCRR-corrected and uncorrected images using an automatic quantifying software (AutoQUANT; ADAC Labs.). Using these quantified values, CAD was diagnosed in each of the 3 coronary arterial territories. The diagnostic performance of ASCRR-corrected SPECT was compared with that of non-corrected SPECT. Results: Among the 75 patients of Group-I, 9 patients had normal CAG while the remaining 66 patients had 155 arterial lesions; 61 left anterior descending (LAD), 48 left circumflex (LCX) and 46 right coronary (RCA) arterial lesions. For the LAD and LCX lesions, there was no significant difference in diagnostic performance. In Group-II patients, the overall normalcy rate improved but this improvement was not statistically significant (p=0.07). However, for RCA lesions, specificity improved significantly but sensitivity worsened significantly with ASCRR correction (both p<0.05). Overall accuracy was the same. Conclusion: The ASCRR correction did not improve diagnostic performance significantly although the diagnostic specificity for RCA lesions improved on quantitative myocardial SPECT. The clinical application of the ASC-RR correction requires more discretion regarding cost and efficacy.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1022-1026
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• 2012

To evaluate the application level of expeller cake fertilizer (ECF), we have investigated soil chemical properties, leaf mineral contents and yield of red mustard in plastic film greenhouse. Four levels of fertilizer were applied as 50% (ECF 50), 75% (ECF 75), 100% (ECF 100) and 150% (ECF 150) by base $1,848kg\;kg^{-1}$ of ECF. In 2010, red mustard was planted on April 28 in silt loam soil and harvested on July 7. Commerical yields were measured 12 times from May 14 to July 7. Electrical conductivity ($3.40{\sim}3.54dS\;m^{-1}$), available $P_2O_5$ ($580{\sim}618mg\;kg^{-1}$) and exchangeable cations ($K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$) were tended to increase by the application of ECF. However, the range of those was not so big increasing amount. The content of T-N, K, Ca and P of red mustard leaves was $63.2{\sim}66.4g\;kg^{-1}$, $55.1{\sim}56.4g\;kg^{-1}$, $8.6{\sim}9.5g\;kg^{-1}$ and $5.7{\sim}6.3g\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The nitrogen utilization rate of red mustard was 38~52%, and it was decreased with increased application of ECF. The yield of red mustard was 13,670 to $14,460kg\;ha^{-1}$ on the basis of application amount of ECF and the yield did not increased in spite of increased ECF. The optimum dose of application of ECF for cultivation of red mustard was from $924kg\;ha^{-1}$ (ECF 50) to $1,386kg\;ha^{-1}$ (ECF 75). Environment-friendly and economical amount of applied fertilizer is more important than yield for cultivation of red mustard.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2010

For the study of possibility of practical use as an organic farm materials of the mixtures with lignite and amino acid solution, this experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the mixtures on the growth and the yield of rice plant, chinese cabbage, and red pepper, and the effects of the mixtures on chemical properties of soil. Also, when the mixtures of the lignite plus amino acid solution and the chemical fertilizer were applied to these three crop cultivation area, authors want to know how can the loss in quantity of chemical fertilizer affects the growth and the yield of these crops. As the results, growth of rice plant applied with the mixtures of lignite and amino acid solution was better than that applied with the recommended rate of chemical fertilizer. Especially, the growth of rice plant appeared to be good at the treatment of 150 kg/ha of the mixed lignite with amino acid solution and at that of its mixtures and standard fertilization. Growth of chinese cabbage and red pepper was good at the application of 600 kg/ha of the mixed lignite with amino acid solution and at that of its mixtures and standard fertilization. Yield of rice and chinese cabbage was good at the treatment of 150 kg/ha of the mixed lignite with amino acid solution and at that of its mixtures and standard fertilization, and yield of red pepper was good at the application of 600 kg/ha of the mixed lignite with amino acid solution and at that of its mixtures and standard fertilization. The organic matter content increased and while the exchangeable cation decreased when the lignite mixed with amino acid solution and the loss in quantity of chemical fertilizer applied at paddy field. Incase of these treatments, pH and available phosphorus increase at upland field, but did not change at paddy field.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 1988

With a purpose of finding out the effects of magnesium and boron enriched organic-compound fertilizer application on the dry matter yield, yield components and changes in the botanical composition on the hilly pasture, a field experiment was arranged with five different treatments as a randomized block desigh and lasted from September, 1984 to the end of growing season in 1986. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. As a early plant growth and development, winter hardiness, growth vigour and coverate of grasses at the plots with organic-compound fertilizer application were better comparing to single dressing. 2. Average dry matter yields for two years were shown significantly high due to increasing amount of fertilizer. This trend was same both single and organic-compound fertilizer. And dry matter yields with organic-compound fertilizer application of low (8,693.1 kg/ha) and conventional level (12,758.7 kg/ha) were appeared to increase by 10 and 15% than those of single dressing of Low (7,930.6 kg/ha) and conventional level (11,122.6 kg/ha), respectively. But it was not significant difference. 3. Dry matter yield of grasses was significantly gained by increasing amount of fertilizer. The yield of legumes at the plots with organic-compound fertilizer application the yields of grasses were a litle more increased by 8-14%, and legumes were much more gained by 26-29% than those of the same species groups with single dressing, but it was not significant between the differnet kinds of fertilizer in the same fertilizing level. 4. At the grassland management, the rate of legumes tended to dominate at the plot without fertilization gradually. On the other hand, the botanical compositions and the rates of grasses were much better maintained at the plots with fertilization. But the rates of legumes with organic-compound fertilizer application tended to increase a little more than those of single dressing gradually. 5. All of the soil chemical properties after the experiment were much more improved comparing to before the experiment. But the average contents of soil organic matter and available $P_2O_5$ were slightly higher at the plot with organic-compound fertilization, on the other hand, pH and exchangeable cations tended to a little less than those of single dressing.