• Health Policy and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.48-67
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• 2006

The aim of the study was to examine levels of satisfaction with health care in North Korea and to identify factors associated with it using a convenience sample of North Korean refugees in China. Data from the 2004 Survey of Health Seeking Behavior of North Korean Households conducted by the Center for Refugee and Disaster Response, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health were used. The study subjects were 273 North Korean refugees whose length of stay in China was less than 3 months. Factor analysis was used to extract factor dimensions from the 12 satisfaction items. Bivariate (t test and ANOVA) and multiple regression analyses were used in examining factors associated with satisfaction with health care use in North Korea Overall, satisfaction level was low ($2.36{\pm}0.36$, score range: 1-5). Of the three-factor dimensions, physician skills scored the highest $(2.93{\pm}0.36)$, followed by drug availability $(2.51{\pm}0.07)$ and general cleanliness $(1.66{\pm}0.55)$. In the multiple regression analysis, having a usual source of care was significantly associated with patient satisfaction. Respondents who identified primary care (section) doctors as their usual source of care tended to be less satisfied than those with the city or county hospital as their usual source of care. County residents tended to report a lower degree of satisfaction with general cleanliness than city residents. Among socioeconomic characteristics, the number of household assets positively predicted satisfaction with drug availability. North Korean residents appear to be dissatisfied with their medical care. It may reflect some inadequacies in the North's universal health care system to meet the healthcare needs of its people.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.529-540
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is examine how price attitude and risk perception affect6 consumer's attitude to clothing discount stores. As for the methods of the research 313 female consumers who just finished shopping at discount stores were interviewed and questioned. The result is as the following. 1. The factors such as discount price inclination effective value inclination price-quality association and price-social grade association in the price attitude as well as social psychological risk and the risk of losing opportunity in the risk perception affected consumer's attitude to clothing discount store. 2. The domestic national brand discount store acquired the highest scores in all factors but discount inclination factor and low price inclination factor. No difference was seen between stores in terms of the risk perception. 3. The determining factors for repurchase intention were found to be store satisfaction and the attitude to clothing discount store. 4. The convenience of transportation the availability of exchange or repair the payment option the quality of the product and the attributes of the store e, g, good quality with relatively low price affected the store satisfaction. 5. Domestic national brand discount store showed higher score in 'good quality with relatively low price' than domestic casual brand discount store did. And difference between groups was found in repurchase intention, Conclusively most consumers using clothing discount stores are effective value-oriented.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.105-118
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to give a suggestion for vitalizing rural area's community, with respect to the components of community; 'locality' and 'communality'. The survey was conducted at Hondong, Hodongseong-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, which was a representative area for active rural area community. For the survey, we interviewed an activist on the village in November $9^{th}$, 2014, and let 81 residents fill the questionnaires during March $7^{th}$ to $14^{th}$, 2015. Major findings were as follows. 1) As for the 'locality' factor, the motives of residents' immigration were influenced by the availability of facilities for agriculture education, living, and convenience in the area. Most of residents recognized that the area comprises their own community facility area and expanded area with concentrated facilities of 'li', minimal adminstration unit. It means that their usage pattern of community facilities influences their conceptions of the village. 2) As for the 'communality' factor, original residents and immigrant back-to-farm residents showed different pattern in communicating with neighbors and community facility usages. Residents communicated with neighbors by meeting up or using the concentrated facilities in Gatgol, and visited the Balmak library frequently. Residents' sense of belonging was high with mean 4.16 point of 5.0 in Likert scale.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2013

The government has implemented operating the bus information terminal (hereinafter, 'BIT') to use by building it at a major bus station to solve the problem of traffic congestion. Busan Metropolitan City has been continuously expanding the installation of 'BIT' since 2003. However, there are few research on the factor to use and satisfaction survey on 'BIT' from the perspective of the users. This study, in an effort to inquire into the 'BIT' utilization factor and its vitalization plan, conducted a face to face survey of 172 citizens who had the experience in the 'BIT'. The result of the data analysis showed that usability, convenience, and availability were the critical factors for a BIT use. In addition, the general intention to use 'BIT' was found to be very high as much as 90.7%. The contributions of this study are as follows. The academic contributions is that it proved the relationship between usability, convenience and the intention to use suggested by the information technology acceptance model is supported even in case of 'BIT.' For the practitioners this study provides ground data for a local government to make a plan of a BIT extension.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.645-653
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• 1997

For high performance rotating machinery, unstable vibrations may occur caused by hydrodynamic forces such as oil film forces, clearance excitation forces generated by the working fluid, and etc. In order to improve the availability one has to take into account the vibrations very accurately. When designing a rotating machinery, the stability behavior and the resonance response can be obtained by calculation of the complex eigenvalues. A suitable modifications of seal and/or bearing design may effectively improve the stability and the response of a rotor system. This paper deals with the optimum length and clearance of seals and bearings to minimize the resonance response(Q factor) and to maximize the logarithmic decrement in the operating speed under the constraints of design variables. Also, for an avoidance of resonance region from the operating speed, an optimization technique has been used to yield the critical speeds as far from the operating speed as possible. The optimization method is used by the genetic algorithm, which is a search algorithm based on the mechanics of natural selection and natural genetics. The results show that the optimum design of seals and bearings can significantly improve the resonance and the stability of the pump rotor system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.68-75
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• 2014

It is very important to classify explosion hazardous area (EHA) suitably and to use proper explosion-proof electric installations for facilities using flammable gases and liquids. In the past, various examples in the Notification of Ministry of Employment and Labor were referred to in classifying EHA. But, at present, many companies use the hypothetical volume in Korean Standards (KS). This study reviews the validity of EHA classification based on the hypothetical volume by comparing the calculated radii of EHA with those obtained by a consequence analysis program called PHAST and a mathematical approach in British Standards (BS). The radii of EHA by the hypothetical volume were found to be slightly larger than those by the other two methods. This was attributed to rather conservative uses of a safety factor(k) and a correction factor(f) for availability of ventilation in calculating the hypothetical volume. Since the differences are not so conspicuous, however, it is concluded that the hypothetical volume in KS is a valid means for the classification of EHA. This study also presents a table of the radii of EHA for easy reference by small-scale companies using city gas, C3-LPG and flammable liquid(toluene), respectively. The table consists of 25 leakage scenarios corresponding to combinations of 5 pipe(nozzle) sizes and 5 operating conditions for each flammable gas and liquid.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.405-418
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• 2018

This study identified several factors that may affect binge watching of drama series, which becomes more common, in the changing media environment and tested their influences empirically. For this objective, this research looked at how demographic variables, time availability, perceived effectiveness of interface, perceived content variability, neuroticism and motivations for drama binge watching affect binge watching of drama series. It also examined moderating effect of drama involvement. The findings showed that neuroticism, two motivations(playfulness/stress relief and program reputation motivation) have positive influences on binge watching of drama series. The moderating effect of drama involvement was also found. The meaning of results are also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.109-125
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• 1996

Biases and errors in the human being's reasoning process have been studied continuously by the researchers, especially psychlogists and social scientists. These bias phenomenon is classified on the basis of the origin, i. e. motivation and cognition. Furthermore the necessity of research on the bias in the management and management information system areas in increased more and more recently, which have their academic backgrounds in the psychology and social science. The biased information stream is transformed into the systematic error due to the motivation and cognitive bias of human-being, then its resulting phenomena are as follows; 1. the availability of salient information 2. preconceived ideas or theories about peoples and event 3. anchoring and perseverence phenomena. In order to reduce the information errors, Satty suggested the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) that is the subject of this paper and that is widely used for evaluation of complex decision making alternatives. THerefore this paper studies AHP's effects and its limitations in applying to the management area. Thus this paper compared the performances of the 3 models : 1 the traditional additive regression model. 2 regression model using the factor score, and 3 the regression model with AHP. As a result, 3 models produce the different outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 2004

The current understanding of the mechanisms of pharmacotherapy for depression is characterized by an emphasis on increasing synaptic availability of serotonin, noradrenaline, and possibly dopamine, while minimizing side effects. The acute effects of current available effective antidepressants include blocking selective serotonin or noradrenaline reuptake, alpha2 autoreceptors or monoamine oxidase. Although efficacious, current treatments often produce partial or limited symptomatic improvement rather than remission. While current pharmacotherapies target monoaminergic systems, distinct neurobiological underpinnings and other systems are likely involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Recently, several promising hypotheses of depression and antidepressant action have been formulated. These hypotheses are largely based on dsyregulation of neural plasticity, CREB, BDNF, corticotropin-releasing factor, glucocorticoid, hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis and cytokines. Based on these new theories and hypotheses of depression, a number of new and novel agents, including corticotropin-releasing factor antagonists, antiglucocorticoids, and substance P antagonists show a considerable promise for refining treatment options for depression. In this article, the current available pharmacotherapies, current understanding of neurobiology and pathogenesis of depression and new and promising directions in pharmacological research on depression will be discussed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1881-1903
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• 2015

With the fast-developing of mobile terminals, positioning techniques based on fingerprinting method draws attention from many researchers even world famous companies. To conquer some shortcomings of the existing fingerprinting systems and further improve its performance, we propose a radio map building and updating technique, which is able to customize the spatial and temporal dependency of radio maps. The method includes indoor propagation and penetration modeling and the analysis of human traffic. Based on the combination of Ray-Tracing Algorithm, Finite-Different Time-Domain and Rough Set Theory, the approach of indoor propagation modeling accurately represents the spatial dependency of the radio map. In terms of temporal dependency, we specifically study the factor of moving people in the interest area. With measurement and statistics, the factor of human traffic is introduced as the temporal updating component. We improve our existing indoor positioning system with the proposed building and updating method, and compare the localization accuracy. The results show that the enhanced system can conquer the influence caused by moving people, and maintain the confidence probability stable during week, which enhance the actual availability and robustness of fingerprinting-based indoor positioning system.