• 항공우주기술
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2014

저궤도 위성을 운영하는 지상국에서는 10분 내외의 교신 시간 동안 위성의 건강 상태를 확인한 후 영상 촬영을 위한 임무 명령을 전송하거나 촬영한 영상을 수신한다. 제한된 교신 시간동안 매일의 임무를 위한 일련의 절차를 완료하기 위해 위성 및 지상국 시스템에서는 적절한 수준의 자율성이 적용되어 있다. 예를 들어 위성의 자세 및 궤도를 유지하기 위한 제어 로직은 운영자의 개입 없이도 오랜 시간동안 자동으로 수행되어야 하므로 높은 자율성을 갖는 부분이다. 이와는 대조적으로 위성의 고장 관리 로직의 경우 고장 상황 인지 및 안전 조치는 위성에서 자동으로 수행되지만 대체적으로 고장의 원인 판단 및 복구 절차는 지상에서 수행하도록 설계하므로 상대적으로 낮은 자율성을 갖는 부분이라 할 수 있다. 위성의 자율성 수준은 지상국 운영에도 영향을 준다. 지상국에서는 촬영 임무를 위한 일련의 명령 세트 등을 생성한다. 위성이 좀 더 높은 수준의 자율성을 갖는다면, 지상국에서 수행하는 동작의 일부를 위성에서 수행할 수 있을 것이며 지상국의 절차를 간소화할 수 있을 것이다. 이 논문에서는 위성의 자율성 수준에 대해 논의하고 적절한 자율성 수준을 위한 설계 개념을 제안한다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.404-414
• /
• 2016

Autonomy of unmanned systems is important because the unmanned system with high level of autonomy is able to perform desired tasks in unstructured environments without continuous human guidance. Evaluation of their autonomy is vital to realize the autonomous operation ability of unmanned system. Compared to the methods of evaluating the level of autonomy(LOA) for an unmanned ground vehicle(UGV) and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV), the method of expressing the LOA of unmanned maritime system(UMS) is not established yet. Since UMS has a unique characteristics in terms of operational area, mission complexity and required technologies, compared to the UGV and UAV, it is required to establish for expressing the LOA for UMS. This paper reviews the current approaches to assess the LOA of unmanned system and proposes potential metrics for UMS in order to determine the autonomy levels of UMS.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.301-318
• /
• 1997

This study was done to identify the professional autonomy of clinical nurses perceived by staff nurses and doctors. The subjects consisted of 410 nurses and 219 doctors who are working at 4 general hospital in Daegu and Pusan. The nurses were surveyed by means of July 7 to September 27, 1997. The results are as follows : 1. The score which the nurses perceived clinical nurses' professional autonomy is 159.05 points. This score means mid level of professinal autonomy. 2. The score which the doctors perceived clinical nurses' professional autonomy is 140.37 points. This score means mid level of professinal autonomy. 3. The extent of the perceived clinical nurses' professional autonomy between two groups was remarkably high in the nurses group(P=.000) 4. The relationship between general characteristics and the perception of professional autonomy by nurses showed a significant difference in regard to the age, the marital status, educatioal level, the period of nursing career and the state of position. The score of professional autonomy by age was highest 41 years old or more, while the lowest was for 26-30 years old(P=.008). The score of professional autonomy of a married nurse was higher than an unmarried(P=.003). The score of professional autonomy by the period of nursing career was highest 9 years or more, the lowest was for 3-6 years(P=.009), Also, the higher the educational level(P=.000) and the state of position(P=.049), the higher the score of professional autonomy. But there were no statistically significant difference in regard to the religion and the field of work. 5. The relationship between general characteristics and the perception of professional autonomy by doctors showed no statistically significant difference.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.191-202
• /
• 1996

This research applied an attachment theory to the study of three generations of women. Questionnaire and semistructured interview techniques were employed to collect the data on intergenerational mother-daughter relationships from 140 triads of adolescent daughters middle-aged mothers an old-aged grandmothers. The focus of the study had been on the characteristics of attachment patterns which is measured by sense of attachment and autonomy across and within generations and their effects on personal well-being. Women in each their three generations perceived a high and seminilar level of attachment across and within the generations. On the other hand the level of autonomy differed by the generations with middle-aged mothers showing a higher level of perceived sense of autonomy than other two generations. Although the levels of attachment and autonomy were related to psychological well-being the level of autonomy was slightly more related to it. The results also showed that not nly one's own attachment toward mother/daughter but attachment of others toward herself were associated with the personal well-being. Overall this study reflects and supports the basis concepts of mother-daughter attachment: its continuity reciprocity and personal development in adulthood.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.155-165
• /
• 2000

This study is to grope for a plan to increase nurse's autonomy by grasping autonomy degree according to nursing delivery system. The subject of this study are 265 nurses who work for 4 general hospitals in Seoul, and 73 of them work in primary nursing delivery system, 99 of them in team nursing delivery system and 93 of them in functional nursing delivery system. Data collection was done through questionaires from Sep. 1, 1997 to Sep. 30, 1997, and autonomy was measured by Professional Nursing Autonomy Scale developed by Schutzonhofer. Data analysis as inspected with $X^2$ test, ANOVA, and t-test, using SPSS program. The results are as follows : 1. When it comes to the autonomy of all the nurses, mean score was 161.99. Which is medium level, and autonomy degree according to nursing delivery system had no significant differences. 2. There was a significant difference in autonomy degree according to inservice education among the subject's work-related characteristics, and there was no significant difference in autonomy distribution in each grade according to general characteristics although older group, married group, and junior college graduates group showed rather higher trends. 3. Considering each item, questions related to direct nursing such as "Vital sign monitoring", "Nursing rounding", "Withhold contraindicated drug", showed high score in autonomy scores, and long-term and indirect nursing behaviors such as "Nursing administration", "Nursing research", "Follow-up care" and "Educational planning".

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.31-47
• /
• 2016

This research examines the effects of consumers' moderation and simplicity, autonomy, and income level on happiness, and based on this, classifies consumer types and examines the differences in consumer happiness and life happiness in accordance with this classification. The questionnaire survey was conducted on adults in their 20's through 60's. Moreover, hierarchical regression analysis, cluster analysis, and the analysis of variance were conducted. The results of this research are as follows. First, on consumer happiness, moderation and simplicity, income level, autonomy, education level, and gender had significant effects; on life happiness, moderation and simplicity, income level, autonomy, and education level had significant effects. Second, consumers were classified into three types according to moderation and simplicity, autonomy, and income level, and when making a comparison based on these factors between consumer happiness and life happiness, both consumer happiness and life happiness showed significant differences, but the detailed aspects were different. In the case of consumer happiness, non-autonomous moderation and simplicity type were reported to have the highest sense of happiness, followed by autonomous moderation and simplicity type, and passive moderation and simplicity type, but in the case of life happiness, autonomous moderation and simplicity type were reported to have the highest sense of happiness, followed by non-autonomous moderation and simplicity type, and passive moderation and simplicity type.

• 보건의료산업학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.45-56
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigates the Autonomy and Job Satisfaction of the Nurses. The data was collected by distributing structured questionnaires to 317 nurses in 4 secondary hospitals located in Pusan, from July 1 to 31, 2010 and analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient. The average autonomy level of nursing professionals was $135.30{\pm}8.04$ points. The average nurse's job satisfaction was $3.12{\pm}.35$ points. There was significant difference according to age, career and position in autonomy level of nursing professionals. There was significant difference according to age, marital status, career, position and monthly income in nurse's job satisfaction. The correlation between autonomy and job satisfaction of the nurses showed to be positively correlated at r = .426. Therefore, It is necessary to research into the methods to enhance the autonomy levels of nursing professionals and nurse's job satisfaction. It is necessary to develop education and policy programs for nurse's autonomy and nurse's job satisfaction.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.274-281
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between level of professional autonomy and clinical decision making abilities in clinical nurses, and to provide basic information for promoting competency nurses in making independent decisions. Method: Data were collected from July 1 to July 18, 2008, and participants were 202 clinical nurses in general hospitals. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics: frequency and percentage and Pearson correlation coefficients with the SPSS WIN 14.0 program. Results: The professional autonomy index for the nurses was 159.63 points. The clinical decision making ability index was 119.79 points. The most highly ranked factor in clinical decision making was search for information and unbiased assimilation of new information. There was a statistically significant difference in professional autonomy according to age, clinical experience, and type of duty. Relation between level of professional autonomy and clinical decision making showed a positive correlation. Conclusion: As a results show a significant correlation between professional autonomy and clinical decision making in clinical nurses, improvement in professional autonomy of clinical nurses, would be promoted through continuous support and training.

• 융합보안논문지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.101-111
• /
• 2018

인공지능과 같은 4차산업혁명기술이 진척되어 감에 따라, 미래전쟁에 대비하여 미국을 중심으로 각국이 새로운 자율 무기체계 개발에 경쟁하고 있는 시점이다. 본 논문은 이러한 자율 무기체계의 자율성 기술, 그러한 군사과학기술이 가져올 전쟁수행의 변화, 그리고 무기체계 자율성의 수준, 정의, 기능에 대하여 논의한다. 무기체계 자율성 기술의 핵심은 민간 상용의 인공지능 기술과 유사하며, 새롭게 개발되고 운용되는 자율 무기체계는 장차 미래 전장에서 지배적인 역할을 할 것이며, 미래 전쟁수행체제 변화의 중심이 될 것이다. 인간을 대신하여 전장에서 자율 무기체계가 인명 피해가 없고 지능적인 전쟁을 수행할 것으로 보인다. 자율성의 수준과 기능면에서는 무기가 주변 전장상황을 인지하고, 최상의 방책을 스스로 계획 및 결정하며, 가장 효과적인 목적 달성이 되도록 방안을 실행하는 완전자율성을 갖춘 무기체계로 발전할 것이다. 즉 자율 무기체계가 의사결정과 실행하는 여러 단계에서 운용자의 감독이나 개입이 전혀 없는 완전한 자율성을 갖추어 나갈 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify correlation between sexual autonomy and self-efficacy and provide preliminary information for use in development of a sex education program for university students. Method: This study employed a descriptive research design. Data were collected from 357 university students. Subjects completed questionnaires on the following: demographics, sexual autonomy, and self-efficacy. Results: A total of 112 subjects (31.3.%) had experienced sexual intercourse and 126 subjects (35.3%) regarded it as an acceptable level of sexual behavior. The mean of sexual autonomy was 3.49 and significant differences were observed in gender, grade, department, and acceptable level of sexual behavior. The mean of self-efficacy was 4.08 and significant differences were observed in gender, department, and acceptable level of sexual behavior. In addition, significant correlation was observed between sexual autonomy and self-efficacy. Conclusion: Development of a sex education program for university students, which includes information on reinforcement of sexual autonomy and self-efficacy, is needed.