• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2010

Objectives: It is well established that primary insomnia affects the activity of autonomic nervous system. We tried to know how the activity of autonomic nervous system during night sleep changes by analyzing correlation between heart rate variability (HRV) index and the variables related with sleep structure in primary insomnia. Methods: Thirty three subjects (mean age: $36.2{\pm}14.2$ years, male:female=15:18) who were diagnosed with primary insomnia were selected for the study. Nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) was carried out on each subject and correlation was analyzed between high frequency/low frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio), one of HRV indices and the variables related with sleep structure which were calculated from NPSG. Results: When age and sex were controlled, LF/HF ratio showed negative correlations with slow wave sleep and stage 2 sleep, respectively ($r_p$=-0.43, p=0.01; $r_p$=-0.37, p=0.04). On the other hands LF/HF ratio showed a positive correlation with arousal index ($r_p$=0.65, p<0.001). The activity of autonomic nervous system responded differentially depending on the change of sleep structure in primary insomnia. Especially the increase of arousal index and the decrease of slow wave sleep and stage 2 sleep which are the components of non-REM sleep provoked hyperactivity of sympathetic nervous system. Conclusion: This study suggests that the typical change of sleep structure in primary insomnia can negatively impact on cardiovascular system.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of music intervention upon lighting on stress. Method : The participants 60 college students, were divided three groups. Two groups were apply each music and bright lighting(bright lighting groups) and music and dark lighting(dark lighting groups) during 13minutes at Snozelen and the other group was control group. Each groups were assessed stress resistance, activity of parasympathetic nerve, activity of sympathetic nerve, balance of ANS, physical arousal by EKG of CANS 3000, at before and after other each intervention. The analyses were performed using version of SPSS 17. Result : The change rate of bright lighting group was showed statistically significant decrease in stress resistance compared to control group. And the change rate of dark lighting group was showed statistically significant decrease in resistance stress, activity of parasympathetic nerve, and balance of ANS compared to control group and statistically significant increase in stress resistance and activity of parasympathetic nerve compared to bright lighting group. Conclusion : The results of this study indicate that music intervention on dark lighting is more effective on decrease of stress than application of bright lighting and general lighting.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.291-297
• /
• 2008

We investigated whether 1) the combined capsaicin (75 mg), sesamin (30 mg), and L-carnitine (900 mg) (CCSC) ingestion enhances autonomic nervous system (ANS) activities including thermogenic sympathetic activity as energy metabolic modulator, 2) ${\beta}_3-AR$ polymorphism of each subject influences with ANS activity. Seven healthy males $(22.0{\pm}0.5\;yr)$ volunteered for this study. The cardiac autonomic nervous activities evaluated by means of heart rate variability of power spectral analysis were continuously measured during 5 min every 30 min for total 120 min resting condition with CCSC or placebo oral administration chosen at random. The results indicated that, there are not $Arp/Arg^{64}$ variants of the ${\beta}_3-AR$ genotypes in our subjects. There were not also significant differences in heart rate during rest between both trials. The difference of ANS activity did not reach the statistical significance between both trials. However, the significant improvement showed TOTAL power, HF component, and the indices of SNS and PNS activities before and at 30 min after CCSC ingestion (p<0.05, respectively). In conclusions, although each component of combined CCSC is associated with lipolysis and/or fat oxidation, the combined CCSC consumption is not influenced in stimulation of thermogenic sympathetic activity as modulator of energy metabolism. In rather, our results suggested that CCSC ingestion improves the balance of both SNS and PNS activities. Therefore, it will be considered many combined nutrient components for ergogenic and/or lipolysis effects as well as genetic variants affecting ANS activity in further studies.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 2007

Background: The change in the respiratory pattern has an influence on the change in the autonomic nervous system, which in turn has an influence on the EGG to measure a gastric activity. However, the study on the influence on the EGG parameters by respiratory control and on the correlation between the HRV and EGG through respiratory control has not been perform yet. Objective: It is to perform a series of experiments to find out how the EGG parameters are influenced by the controlled respiration and what correlation there may exist between the EGG and HRV to measure the change in the autonomic nervous system after controlled respiration. Methods: 1st Experiment: During a 15minutes' voluntary respiration, HRV was measured, and it was measured again during another 15 minutes' controlled respiration. 2nd Experiment: After an eight hours' fast, EGG was measured for a period of 30 minutes, and then after another 15 minutes' voluntary respiration, a test-meal was offered for 10 minutes and again EGG was measured. The next day, after an 8 hour's fast, EGG was measured for 30 minutes, and after a 15 minutes' controlled respiration and offered with a test-meal for 10 minutes and then EGG was measured again for 30 minutes. Results: 1. It was observed in all the channels that the power ratio increased more after controlled respiration than after voluntary respiration. No statistical significance, however, could be observed. 2. Through controlled respiration, the HF of HRV and the power ratio of EGG Channel 4 was negatively correlated, while the LF/HF of HRV and the power ratio of EGG channel 1 & 4 was positive correlated. Such correlations as mentioned above, however, could not be observed in HRV & EGG through voluntary respiration. Conclusions: 1. It was concluded that the increase in the power of gastric contractile after controlled respiration is bigger than the increase in the power of gastric contractile after voluntary respiration. 2. It was concluded that the gastric contractile power and sympathetic activity through controlled respiration was negatively correlated, while the gastric contractile power and parasympathetic activity through controlled respiration was positively correlated.

• Journal of Naturopathy
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the subjects after visiting the Gyorae forest on the activity of the autonomic nervous system. Methods: Before and after the forest bath, it was measured using a ubiquitous machine. Results: After the bath there was no significant difference in the sympathetic nerve activity (LF) of the control group, but the difference was significant in the experimental group by increasing (p<.038), and in the variance analysis, there was a significant difference between the groups (p<.014), between pre-and post-bath (p<.026), and also between the groups and pre-and post-bath (p<.018). The changes in parasympathetic activity (HF) were not significant in both the control and experimental. In the LF/HF ratio, the experimental group was significantly increased, and in the analysis of variance, there was also significant difference between group and before and after bath (p<.04). Mean pulse rate in the experimental group was a significant increase after bath (p<.026). In the change of pulse standard deviation, the value of the control and the experimental groups by variance analysis was a significant difference between the groups (p<.014). There was no difference between the mean values of the control and the experimental groups in the change of mean heart rate deviation. Conclusions: The autonomic nervous systems were activated after Gyorae forest bathing, where may be useful place for healing.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2005

Opuntia ficus-indica, commonly known as prickly pear cactus, is commercially grown as a food and medicinal plant in Jeju Island, Korea. The crushed pads and fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica were dried in a freeze-dryer and ground into flour to be used for food materials. The major components of proximate compositions were part of a nitrogen free extract. The major minerals were Ca (4391.2-2086.9㎎%), K (1932.1-2608.7㎎%), and Mg (800.6-1984.8㎎%). The major amino acid was glutamic acid, comprising 16.3% of total amino acids in fruit and 25.2% in pad. Dihydroflavonols were identified as (+)-trans-dihydrokaempferol and (+)-trans-dihydroquercetin. Citric acid methyl esters extracted from fruits showed inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidase-B. The presence of trimethyl citrate has been reported in other plants, but 1,3-dimethyl citrate and 1-monomethyl citrate have not been previously reported. The results of pharmacological efficacy tests, including serum biochemical and hematological parameters, autonomic nervous system, anti-inflammatory, analgestic activity, anti-diabetic activity, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, monoamine oxidase activity, hyperlipidemia, the respiratory system, antigastic, and anti-ulcerative actions indicate that the fruit and pad of the Opuntia ficus-indica are rich sources of food and medicinal materials.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2005

Electrodermal activity(EDA) is a bio-electric signal which occurs at the skin surface during the sweating. EDA reflects the activity of the sympathetic axis of the autonomic nervous system. EDA is associated with the eccrine sweat gland at the palmar and plamar surface. This study was aimed to characterize the relationship between EDA and auditory stimulus intensities. Acoustic stimulus used in this study were 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz of narrow band noise, which were representative of speech frequencies in audible range. Stimulus intensity between 90 and 30 dB in 10 dB within dynamic range. After deriving the minimum stimulus intensity(threshold of skin potential) which elicited skin potential, and then the latency and amplitude were derived from waveform of skin potential, each latency and amplitude were compared to stimulus intensity. The waveform of skin potential were recorded stably, and the threshold of skin potential appeared nearly the hearing threshold level of the participant. The latency was decreased and the amplitude was increased according to the increase of the stimulus intensity. These results suggest that auditory evoked skin potential can be applicable to auditory assessment and audiological diagnosis tool.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
• /
• v.1997 no.11
• /
• pp.443-446
• /
• 1997

HRV(heart rate variability) is the time series data of R-R interval time duration based on ECGs. Power spectral analysis of HRV has recently been used to define the activity of ANS(autonomic nervous system). In this study, 14 rats were divided into two groups, sympathectomy and vagotomy. During the experiments, ECGs of rats were collected three times at each experimental conditions or the duration of 5 minutes, where sampling frequency was set at 2KHz. After the application of the Berger's Serires algorithm to ECG raw data, power spectrum of HRV was obtained via FFT. Results showed that HF/LF were increased or the sympathectomy group and decreased or the vagotomy group. It implies that the variations in HF/LF components could be used or the ANS function classification.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2014

Heart rate variability is significantly associated with cardiovascular complications in various neurological disorders with cardiac impairment. Measures of spontaneous heart rate variability might be different from provocating tests of heart rate variability such as deep breathing and Valsava maneuver. Methods for analysis are divided into time domain methods and frequency domain methods. There are standard deviation of NN interval, standard deviation of average NN interval, root mean square of the successive differences, NN50, and pNN50 in time domain methods. Frequency domain bands can be divided into very low, low, and high frequency. Each variables are influenced by sympathetic and/or parasympathetic activity.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.211-219
• /
• 2000

The therapeutic effect of AS2-006A, a derivative of asiaticoside, has been studied and is being developed as a new wound-healing agent. In the present study, the general pharmacological effects on 1) central nervous system, 2) autonomic nervous system, 3) respiratory system, 4) gastrointestinal system. 5) cardiovascular system. and 6) urinary system were assessed in experimental animals and in in vitro models. 1. In vivo animal study: External applications of the 1 % gel ointment of AS2-006A to rats at the doses of 200. 600 or 2000 mg/kg body weight showed no observable pharmacological effects. The effects on the central nervous system were assessed by observation of behavior, hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, pentetrazole-induced convulsion assay, body temperature measurements, and observations on spontaneous activity and catalepsy. The gel ointment exhibited no effects on the cardiovascular system (i.e. blood pressure and heart rate), renal physiology (i.e. urine volume and electrolytes excretion) and gas-trointestinal physiology (i.e. intestinal charcoal propulsion and gastric mucosal irritation). 2. In vitro experiments: The effects of AS2-006A on the physiology of smooth and cardiac muscles were assessed. Muscle contractions were isotonically and isometrically measured in organ chambers using a physiograph. Cumulative additions of AS2-006A (10$^{-9}$ -10$^{-5}$ M) induced no changes in the tension of isolated guinea pig ileum and tracheal muscles. AS2-006A only slightly increased contractility of rat atrial and papillary muscles at 10$^{-2}$ M, which was not statistically different from control. These data showed that the gel ointment of AS2-006A could be externally applied as a wound-healing agent with no potential side effects.