• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.332-347
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• 2017

Analysis of the interaction between the automated vehicles and manual vehicles is very important in analyzing the performance of automated cooperative driving environments. In particular, the automated vehicle platooning can affect the driving behavior of adjacent manual vehicles. The purpose of this study is to analyze the lane change behavior of the manual vehicles in automated vehicle platonning environment and to conduct the experiment and questionnaire surveys in three stages. In the first stage, a video questionnaire survey was conducted, and responsive behaviors of manual vehicles were investigated. In second stage, the driving simulator experiments were conducted to investigate the lane change behaviors of in automated vehicle platonning environments. To analyze the lane change behavior of the manual vehicles, lane change durations and acceleration noise, which are indicators of traffic flow stability, were used. The driving behavior of manual vehicles were compared across different market penetration rates (MPR) of automated vehicles and human factors. Lastly, NASA-TLX (NASA Task Load Index) was used to evaluate the workload of the manual vehicle drivers. As a result of the analysis, it was identified that manual vehicle drivers had psychological burdens while driving in automated vehicle platonning environments. Lane change durations were longer when the MPR of the automated vehicles increased, and acceleration noise were increased in the case of 30-40 years old or female drivers. The results from this study can be used as a fundamental for more realistic traffic simulations reflecting the interaction between the automated vehicles and manual vehicles. It is also expected to effectively support the establishment of valuable transportation management strategy in automated vehicle environments.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.24-36
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• 2020

To solve social problems such as traffic accidents caused by human driver factors and to guarantee the convenience of movement, research on the commercialization of automated vehicles is being actively conducted worldwide. In automated driving levels 2 and 3, the driver must be ready to drive at any time as the automated driving system sometimes requires manual driving by the driver. The purpose of this research is to analyze the trends in global automated vehicle guidelines and prepare guidelines for the characteristics of human factors necessary for the control rights transition system of automated vehicles. To this end, we reviewed at the guidelines for automated vehicles in the US, Germany, and Japan; ISO international standards; domestic automated vehicle standards; and the EU AdaptiVe project. In addition, a guideline is presented that can be referenced and applied by organizations related to automated vehicle manufacturing and operation. It was developed by utilizing the results of our studies on the human factors affecting the guideline of control rights transition. As national laws and regulations and continuous technology development for commercialization of automated vehicles are in progress, further research into and the revision of guidelines for safe automated vehicle production and use should be continued.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.244-257
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• 2017

Traffic congestion occurs from drivers' human factors such as driver reaction time, reckless lane change, and inexperienced driving. When Automated Vehicles are introduced, human factors are excluded, resulting in increased average vehicle speed, stabilizing traffic flow, and increasing road capacity. This study analyzed traffic flow changes through traffic volume-speed-density plots, and increased road capacity due to Automated Vehicles. As a result of the analysis, when rate of automated vehicles gests higher, the traffic flow became stable. Additionally, it was analyzed that when all vehicles were automated, the road capacity increased by about 120 %. It is expected that there will be a positive expectation in terms of traffic congestion and traffic demand management due to the introduction of Automated Vehicles.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.71-78
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• 2023

This study presents the direction of data triggers and elements to be recorded in automated vehicles in the future in relation to the event data recorder (EDR) and data storage system for automated driving (DSSAD). It does not distinguish between the EDR and DSSAD, but suggests data triggers and elements in preparation for overall automated vehicle accidents and dangerous situations. To propose, the current status of discussions on EDR/DSSAD internationally and the case of investigating accidents with automated vehicles under temporary driving licenses in Korea were analyzed. Based on the analysis, the direction of data triggers and elements of the EDR/DSSAD of automated vehicles were presented.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2017

Regulation for the testing and operation of automated vehicles on public roadways has been recently developed all over the world. For example, the licensing standards and the evaluation technology for automated vehicles have been proposed in California, Nevada and EU. But specific safety evaluation scenarios for automated vehicles have not been proposed yet. This paper presents safety evaluation scenarios for extraordinary service permission of automated vehicles on highways. A total of seven scenarios are selected in consideration of safety priority and real traffic situation. Six scenarios are relevant with lane keeping and one scenario is relevant with lane change. All scenarios are developed based on existing ADAS evaluation scenarios and repeated simulation of automated vehicle algorithm. Safety evaluation factors as well as scenarios are developed. The safety factors are based on existing ADAS ISO requirements, ADAS safety factors and current traffic regulations. For the scenarios, a hunter vehicle is needed in addition to automated vehicle evaluated. The hunter vehicle performs multiple roles like preceding vehicle, cut-in vehicle and so on. The hunter vehicle is also automated vehicle equipped with high performance GPS, radar and Lidar. All the scenarios can be implemented by driving a lap on a KATRI ITS test track. These scenarios and safety evaluation factors are investigated via both a computer simulation and an experimental vehicle test on the test track. The experimental vehicle test was conducted with two automated vehicles, which are the evaluated vehicle and the hunter vehicle.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.114-122
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• 2021

In this paper, an automated vehicle intersection collision accident was analyzed through simulation. Recently, the more automated vehicles are distributed, the more accidents related to automated vehicles occur. Accidents may show different trends depending on the sensor characteristics of the automated vehicle and the performance of the accident prevention system. Based on NASS-CDS (National Automotive Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System) and TAAS (Traffic Accident Analysis System), four scenarios are derived and simulations are performed. Automated vehicles are applied with a virtual system consisting of an autonomous emergency braking system and algorithms that predict the route and avoid collisions. The simulations are conducted by changing the sensor angle, vehicle speed, the range of the sensor and vehicle speed range. A range of variables considered vehicle collision were derived from the simulation.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2007

An automated guided vehicle (AGV) system is a group of collaborating unmanned vehicles which is commonly used for transporting materials within manufacturing, warehousing, or distribution systems. The performance of an AGV system depends on the dispatching rules used to assign vehicles to pickup requests, the vehicle routing protocols, and the home location of idle vehicles, which are called dwell points. In manufacturing and distribution environments which emphasize just-in-time principles, performance measures for material handling are based on response times for pickup requests and equipment utilization. In an AGV system, the response time for a pickup request is the time that it takes for the vehicle to travel from its dwell point to the pickup station. In this article, an exact dynamic programming algorithm for selecting dwell points in a tandem-loop multiple-vehicle AGV system is presented. The objective of the model is to minimize the maximum response time for all pickup requests in a given shift. The recursive algorithm considers time restrictions on the availability of vehicles during the shift.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.85-101
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• 1995

Automated Guided Vehicles(AGVs) are widely used in computer integrated manufacturing(CIM) systems for material handling purposes. Although automated guided vehicles provide higher levels of flexibility and computer integrability, the installations are limited in number and one of the critical reasons lies in the complexity involved in the operation. The main objective of this research is to alleviate this problem by proposing efficient integrated operational control methods for AGV-based CIM systems. Particularly, this research is concerned with the mixed problem of dispatching automated guided vehicles and scheduling machines operation. The proposed dynamic heuristic algorithm uses various priority schemes and relevant information concerning the load of the system, the status of queues, and the position of AGVs in the scheduling process. The scheduling decision process is hierarchical in the sense that different decision criteria are applied sequentially to identify the most appropriate part to be served. This algorithm consists of two sections, the section of part selection by AGVs for the next service whenever an AGV completes the current assignment, and the section of part selection by machines for next service whenever a machine completes the current operation. The proposed algorithm has been compared with other scheduling schemes using the performance measure of mean flow-time and mean tardiness. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can reduce the mean flow-time and mean tardiness significantly.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1853-1856
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• 2003

This paper considers the problem of longitudinal control of a platoon of automotive vehicles on a straight lane of a highway and proposes control laws in the event of loss of communication between the lead vehicle and the other vehicles in the platoon. Since safety plays a key role in the development of an Automated Highway System, fault-tolerant control is vital. In this paper, we develop a control algorithm in vehicle platooning and prove that this control algorithm is stable for certain class of faults such as parameter uncertainties. The performance of the controller is demonstrated through a series of simulations incorporating various vehicles and AHS faults. Results of simulation shows that the vehicles have good performance in spite of simple automotive and AHS failure, such as actuator failure,that is to say, engine input failure, communication failure between lead vehicle and the another vehicles.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.7-12
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• 2020

Recently, automobile industries have developed ADAS, smart cars, connected cars, automated driving systems, which use a variety of sensor systems - ultrasonics, cameras, lidars and radars - and communication systems. It is necessary to examine the electromagnetic immunity of vehicles equipped with the sensor systems due to the fact that the normal operation of those systems is very important to the safety of the vehicles. The electromagnetic immunity tests are carried out in an electromagnetic semi anechoic chamber, which is cut off from the outside. It is difficult to create test environments in which the camera sensor systems of vehicles work properly in the test chamber. In this study, test jigs were designed and tested and as a result they are shown to be effective to create test environments for electromagnetic immunity tests of vehicles equipped with camera sensors. We also proposed additional safety standards for immunity tests of vehicles with camera systems that currently do not exist.