• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2017

This paper presents an automated subsurface micro void detection technique based on pulsed infrared thermography for inspecting epoxy molding compounds (EMC) used in electronic device packaging. Subsurface micro voids are first detected and visualized by extracting a lock-in amplitude image from raw thermal images. Binary imaging follows to achieve better visualization of subsurface micro voids. A median filter is then applied for removing sparse noise components. The performance of the proposed technique is tested using 36 EMC samples, which have subsurface (below $150{\mu}m{\sim}300{\mu}m$ from the inspection surface) micro voids ($150{\mu}m{\sim}300{\mu}m$ in diameter). The experimental results show that the subsurface micro voids can be successfully detected without causing any damage to the EMC samples, making it suitable for automated online inspection.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.162-165
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• 2007

TFT-LCD process has two advantages as compared with the semiconductor-process. It is that cycle time is short and number of the final products are small. But it needs complicated inspection / assembly line to be treated manually and much higher labor costs in the TFT-LCD process. Also, It is necessary to build PICS(Production Information and Control System) which is automated and intelligent. In this paper, an automated process of LCD module assembly line that can increase productivity and reduce the cost of production to strengthen the competitiveness corresponding with global market is planned in comparison with its manual/semi-auto. It is noted that The automated line for COG$\sim$FOG process replacing with the existing facilities had the following effects; the productivity is increased to about 1.5 times and labor cost reduced 85%. In addition, whole assembly line can be short and simple.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
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• pp.139-142
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• 2000

$\mu$BGA(Ball Grid Array) is growing in response to a great demand for smaller and lighter packages for the use in laptop, mobile phones and other evolving products. However it is not easy to find its defect by human visual due to in very small dimension. From this point of view, we are interested its development of a vision based automated inspection algorithm. For this, first a 2D view of $\mu$BGA is described under a special blue illumination. Second, a notation-invariant 2D inspection algorithm is developed. Finally a 3D inspection algorithm is proposed for the case of stereo vision system. As a simulation result, it is shown that 3D defect not easy to find by 2D algorithm can be detected by the proposed inspection algorithm.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 Ⅳ
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• pp.1783-1786
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• 2003

In this paper, an automated line-defect detection method for TFT-LCD panel is presented. A DFB(Directional Filter Bank) and line-projection method are used to find line-defect which is one of the major defects occurred in TFT-LCD panel. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm gave promising results for applying automated inspection technique for TFT-LCD panel.

• 한국실천공학교육학회논문지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2012

제조현장에서 품질검사를 위하여 사용되는 자동 시각 검사 장비는 국내뿐 아니라 일본, 대만 등 LCD 관련 제조사를 포함하여 세계적 제조업 기반 기업들의 공장 자동화 시스템에 주요 장비로 자리 잡고 있다. 자동 시각 검사 장비는 일반적으로 머신비전 시스템이라 부르며, 세계시장에서 머신비전 시스템 컴포넌트 분야에서만 2010년 기준으로 112억 달러에 이르고 2015년에 180억을 돌파할 것으로 예상하고 있으며, 이는 연간 9%의 성장률을 예측하고 있어, 잠재적 시장 가능성이 큰 분야임을 알 수 있다. 그러나 직업전문학교, 대학 등에서는 머신비전 시스템에 대한 교육이 거의 이뤄지지 못하고 있는 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 산업현장에서 널리 사용되는 머신비전과 관련하여 교육의 필요성 및 수요분석 등을 통하여 교육 수요자들이 효과적으로 기술을 습득할 수 있도록 교육훈련 프로그램을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법은 기술 수요자의 수준에 따라서 총 훈련시간이 30시간에서 60시간으로 탄력적으로 운용될 수 있으며, 전공 분야에 따라서 선택적으로 훈련을 받을 수 있도록 구성되었다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 이동 중인 철도차량 제륜자의 두께, 편마모 및 제륜자와 차륜 사이의 거리를 자동으로 측정하는 시스템을 제안한다. 철도차량의 제륜자는 촬영 시스템이 설치된 곳을 지날 때 자동으로 촬영되며, 두께 등을 측정하기 위해 가장 먼저 영상 내에서 제륜자의 위치를 검출한다. 이는 제륜자의 위치가 영상 마다 다르기 때문이며 이를 적응적으로 찾기 위해, 제륜자와 차륜 사이에 나타나는 그림자 영역을 이용한다. 그림자 영역의 경계는 9차 다항식을 통해 모델링되며, 그 영역을 지나는 임의의 곡선 (초기 곡선)은 제약 곡선 피팅 방법을 통해 검출된다. 다음은 검출된 초기 곡선과 명암도 변화 정보를 이용하여 제륜자의 앞과 뒤, 차륜 상의 세 곡선 및 제륜자의 수직면을 지나는 직선을 검출한다. 최종적으로, 앞서 구한 곡선과 직선을 이용하여 제륜자의 두께, 편마모 및 제륜자와 차륜 사이의 거리를 측정한다. 실험에서는 제안된 방법을 실제 선로에서 촬영한 영상에 대해 적용해 보았으며, 그 결과 평균 0.654mm의 두께 측정 오차를 나타내었다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2023

최근 컴퓨터 비전, LiDAR 등을 활용하여 구조물의 유지관리를 효율화하기 위한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 건축물의 경우, 점검 항목 중 하나인 기울기는 일반적으로 토탈스테이션을 이용하여 계측하는데, 점검자에 따라 계측값이 일정하지 않아 정확한 기울기 값을 얻기 어렵다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 현행 건축물 기울기 계측 방식의 신뢰도를 개선하고 측정 과정을 효율화하기 위하여 Point Cloud를 활용한 건축물 기울기 측정 자동화 방법론을 제안한다. 제안 방법론의 기울기 추정 알고리즘은 적용 대상을 직육면체 형태의 건물로 제한하며 외벽 평면 추출과 모서리 추정 및 기울기 계산의 두 단계로 이루어져 있다. 해당 알고리즘을 실제 건축물에 적용하여 기울기를 추정하였고, 이를 토탈스테이션을 이용한 계측방법과 비교하였다. 그 결과, 제안 기법은 정확도와 객관성, 그리고 자동화 관점에서 기존의 측정방식을 대체할 만한 수준으로 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1997

Austomated visual inspection(AVI) capability has become an important key component in the automated manufacturing system. In such a visual inspection system an intensity(or color) image of a scene is quickly affected by optical property of objects, condition and roughness of surface, lens and filters, image sensor property and lighting system. In particular, the lighting system disign is the most important factor, since it affects overall performance of the visual system. For fast and cheap automated visual inspection system it is important to obtain the good image quality which results from careful attention to the design of the lighting system. In this paper, the lighting subsystem of AVI system is analysed for the inspection of printed circuit board(PCB) patterns. The spectral reflectance of materials, which are composed of PCB, is measured for choosing the light source. The reflection property is theoretically obtained by a reflection model and also obtained by experiments which measure intensity with varying the viewing direction of image sensor and the lighting direction of illuminator. The illumination uniformity of a ring-type illuminator. The lighting system is designed based upon the experimental results and theoretial analysis.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.437-446
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• 2006

Laser vision inspection systems are becoming popular for automated inspection of manufactured components. The performance of such systems can be enhanced by improving accuracy of the hardware and robustness of the software used in the system. This paper presents a new approach for enhancing the capability of a laser vision system by applying hardware compensation and using efficient analysis software. A 3D geometrical model is developed to study and compensate for possible distortions in installation of gantry robot on which the vision system is mounted. Appropriate compensation is applied to the inspection data obtained from the laser vision system based on the parameters in 3D model. The present laser vision system is used for dimensional inspection of car chassis sub frame and lower arm assembly module. An algorithm based on simplex search techniques is used for analyzing the compensated inspection data. The details of 3D model, parameters used for compensation and the measurement data obtained from the system are presented in this paper. The details of search algorithm used for analyzing the measurement data and the results obtained are also presented in the paper. It is observed from the results that, by applying compensation and using appropriate algorithms for analyzing, the error in evaluation of the inspection data can be significantly minimized, thus reducing the risk of rejecting good parts.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.279-286
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• 2013

This paper introduces a new method for identification of building energy performance problems. The presented method is based on automated analysis and visualization of deviations between actual and expected energy performance of the building using EPAR (Energy Performance Augmented Reality) models. For generating EPAR models, during building inspections, energy auditors collect a large number of digital and thermal imagery using a consumer-level single thermal camera that has a built-in digital lens. Based on a pipeline of image-based 3D reconstruction algorithms built on GPU and multi-core CPU architecture, 3D geometrical and thermal point cloud models of the building under inspection are automatically generated and integrated. Then, the resulting actual 3D spatio-thermal model and the expected energy performance model simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis are superimposed within an augmented reality environment. Based on the resulting EPAR models which jointly visualize the actual and expected energy performance of the building under inspection, two new algorithms are introduced for quick and reliable identification of potential performance problems: 1) 3D thermal mesh modeling using k-d trees and nearest neighbor searching to automate calculation of temperature deviations; and 2) automated visualization of performance deviations using a metaphor based on traffic light colors. The proposed EPAR v2.0 modeling method is validated on several interior locations of a residential building and an instructional facility. Our empirical observations show that the automated energy performance analysis using EPAR models enables performance deviations to be rapidly and accurately identified. The visualization of performance deviations in 3D enables auditors to easily identify potential building performance problems. Rather than manually analyzing thermal imagery, auditors can focus on other important tasks such as evaluating possible remedial alternatives.