• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 1980

We present one case of 26-year-old male having saddle block combined with mitral valvular disease [NYHA Class IV] with auricular fibrillation. The most common cause of emboli is atrial fibrillation. The clinical manifestations of saddle emboli are relatively slow due to development of collateral circulation and large size of lumen of the aorta. The 5month duration of saddle emboli in this case led to severe atrophic changes, coldness, peripheral cyanosis on the both lower extremities, and flexion deformity on the knee and ankle joint of the left lower extremity. We planned staged operation for the saddle block and for mitral stenoinsufficiency and tricuspid insufficiency, because of poor general condition of the patient. The thromboembolectomy of aortic bifurcation was performed through the transabdominal approach without trial of Fogarthy catheter embolectomy, because of expectation of the secondary inflammatory changes of the vessel wall and thrombi which was 3 cm X 1 cm X 0.5 cm in size with irregular surfaced solid in consistency. 1 month later, after thromboembolectomy, mitral valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty were performed, with successful early operative result. During operation organized thrombi [1 cm X 0.5 cm] in the left auricle was removed. We wonder if simple management using Fogarthy catheter might be possible to remove the thromboemboli instead of thromboembolectomy by aortotomy in this case.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.1095-1103
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• 1999

현재 helix와 monopole로 구성되는 안테나를 갖는 수납형 전화기(retractble phone)가 셀룰라 이동통신에서 가장 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 안테나의 monopole의 길이가 약 $\lambda$/4이므로, 강한 복사 전기장이 전화기를 사용하는 인체 두부의 외이 주변에 주로 분포한다. 이러한 전기장 분포는 두부 내에 매우 높은 국부 SAR(specific abs$\alpha$ption rate)을 야기한다. 본 논문은 이동통신단말기의 안테나 배치가 반대인 전화기 형상에 대한 두부 내 전자파 흡수율을 기존의 단말기 형상의 것과 비교, 고찰한다. 이것은 단말기 옴체의 상부가 아닌 바닥 에 안테나를 배치하는 것이다. 인체와 단말기 모델을 포함하는 계산 공간의 시간-평균 전자기장 분포를 얻기 위해 시간영역 유한차분( FDTD) 기법을 사용하였다. 그리고 SAR 분포와 국부 SAR 값이 시간-명균 전기장 분포로부터 계산되었다. 실제 상황을 고려하기 위해 해부학적 인체 두부 모델과 근사된 사용자 손이 고려되었 다. 분석된 데이터는 안테나의 이 같은 배치가 인체 두부 내에 국부 SAR을 상당히 감소시킴을 보인다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.443-446
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• 2010

Purpose: Tragus is one of the key structure of the normal shape of auricle. We experienced several cases of hypoplastic tragus with preauricular appendage. This article describes the methods of reconstruction of atypical tragus using accessory tragus or macrotragus to make better aesthetic results rather than simple excision. Methods: From April, 2004 to March, 2009, 21 patients got operations by our method. Seven patients had bilateral deformity of tragus. Mean age was 12.7 years. For 17 cases of accessory tragus, simple excision, z-plasty and interpolation flap was performed. For 11 cases of macrotragus, debulking and z-plasty was performed. Mean follow-up period was 9.4 months. Results: Reconstructed tragus looked symmetric with the opposite side in contour, size, direction and partial coverage of auditory meatus. There was no enlargement of remnant appendage for the follow up period and there was no complication such as hematoma, infection and chondritis. Conclusion: In cases of small and deformed tragus, preauricular tissue such as accessory tragus and macrotragus could be a good source of tragal reconstruction.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.421-426
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• 2010

Purpose: Patients with serious burns are prone to chondritis due to lack of soft tissue in the auricle, which can cause severe defects in the auricular morphology. In addition, skin damage occurs frequently in the vicinity of post-burn wounds, presenting difficulties in reconstruction surgery. An auricular reconstruction has functional and cosmetic significance. The aim of this study is to develop appropriate reconstruction methods for auricular defects. Methods: Thirty seven patients, who were treated for auricular defects from 2005 to 2009, were enrolled in this study. A local flap, multiple regional flaps and cartilage framework with or without a temporal fascial flap were applied in reconstruction surgery according to the location of the auricular defect. Results: The age of the subjects ranged from 11 to 56. Some subjects had defects that cover more than half of the helical rim with most exhibiting post-burn scars in the vicinity, for whom a multiple regional flap was used. A single use of a tubed flap was sufficient for subjects with defects that covered less than half of the helical rim. A regional flap was also used for reconstruction in subjects with defects covering both the helical rim and antehelix. Conclusion: Achieving satisfactory results from the skin flaps and skin grafts for post-burn auricular defects in both functional and cosmetic aspects is a difficult task. Therefore, selecting an appropriate surgical method through proper diagnosis of the auricular defect and the state of the available skin in the vicinity is essential.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.58-62
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• 2011

Purpose: The focal ossification of auricular cartilage is an unusual clinical entity in which the ear becomes partially or totally rigid and immalleable. This condition may result from cold injury, local trauma, inflammation, or various systemic diseases. Patients may feel mild discomfort, but there are usually no other serious symptoms. We present a case of focal ossification of auricular cartilage in which the cause is unknown. Methods: A healthy 58-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of hard mass of right posterior auricular area. He denied any precipitating historical events like cold injury and inflammation. Routine testing did not demonstrate systemic abnormalities. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a $22{\times}10{\times}11mm$ sized heterogenous isoechoic mass showing an acoustic shadow. Results: Excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. Histological examination revealed the ossification with deposition of trabecular bone in normal elastic cartilage. The patient was healed without any problems and satisfied with the result. Conclusion: We report clinical experience of focal ossification of auricular cartilage, which is quite a rare clinical entity. It should be considered that there is the possibility of ossification of cartilage when it meets the benign mass of the ear.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2011

Purpose: A cranioremodeling helmet for correcting plagiocephaly was recently developed. However, no discrete objective methods to evaluate how the deformity is being corrected have been developed. We have established an easy and cost-effective method that can be used not only to show the correction process, but can also be used by physicians to assess the degree of plagiocephaly two-dimensionally. Methods: For two-dimensional evaluation, a length of malleable memory wire (2 mm in diameter) resembling "Sun-Wukong's headband" was placed on the patient's head. The wire around the patient's head was positioned on a plane including points 1 cm above the eyebrow and 1 cm above the auricle. The wire was placed on a sheet of paper and the outline was marked using pens of various colors during each visit. The degree of plagiocephaly correction could then be shown to the patient's parents at every consultation. Results: The method established by the present study easily shows the horizontal cross-section transformation of the head, illustrates plagiocephaly correction by the helmet, and shows the degree of correction in a two-dimensional manner. Conclusion: A soft-shell helmet is widely used for correcting plagiocephaly. However, evaluating the effectiveness of the helmet has been determined in a subjective manner, and a more objective method is now in demanded. Our study found that a "Sun-Wukong's headband" wire can accurately measure two-dimensional changes. Future studies will be required to identify landmarks needed for assessing plagiocephaly correction.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.8-22
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Gyejijakyakjimo-Tang on the Allergic Contact Dermatitis caused by 2,4-dinitro-chlorobezene(DNCB). Methods : Twenty eight mice were divided into four groups ; normal, control, experimental group A and B. Control and experimental groups were induced allergic contact dermatitis by DNCB. Experimental group A was orally administered the Gyejijakyakjimo-Tang and experimental group B was orally administered the prednisolone. In this study, ear thickness measurement, auricle microphotograph observation, MPO(Myeloperoxidase) activity measurement, Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) analysis of the mRNA level of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$ were performed on these four groups. In addition, the effect of Gyejijakyakjimo-Tang on cell viability and the effect of Gyejijakyakjimo-Tang on the compound 48/80-induced histamine release from HMC and RPMC were measured. Results: 1. Both experimental group A and B had decreased ear thickness compared with control group In contact hypersensitivity assay. 2. In experimental group A, inflammatory edema was similarly observed comparing to control group. Nevertheless, inflammatory edema was obviously reduced in experimental group B. In both experimental group A and B, pathological lesion of dermatitis were alleviated. In addition, the numbers of infiltrated inflammatory cells were decreased compared with control group. 3. Compared to the normal group, there was a noticeable increase in MPO activity in control group. However, in experimental group A and B, it showed remarkable inhibition of the increase in MPO activity comparing with control group. 4. The level of expression of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$ in experimental group A and B were meaningfully lower than those in control group. 5. In MTT assay, the concentrations of Gyejijakyakjimo-Tang that were used on the test had no cytotoxicity. 6. Gyejijakyakjimo-Tang dose-dependently inhibited the compound 48/80-induced histamine release from both HMC and RPMC. Conclusions : According to above experiments, Gyejijakyakjimo-Tang was effective on allergic contact dermatitis.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2013

We report a method for optical monitoring of tumors in an animal model using optical coherence tomography (OCT). In a spectral domain OCT system, a superluminescent diode light source with a full width of 66 nm at half maximum and peak wavelength of 950 nm was used to take images having an axial resolution of 6.8 ${\mu}m$. Cancer cells of PC-3 were cultured and inoculated into the hypodermis of auricle tissues in BALB/c nude mice. We observed tumor formation and growth at the injection region of cancer cells in vivo and obtained the images of tumor mass center and sparse circumferences. On the $5^{th}$ day from an inoculation of cancer cells, histological images of the tumor region using cross-sectional slicing and dye staining of specimens were taken in order to confirm the correlation with the high resolution OCT images. The OCT image of tumor mass compared with normal tissues was analyzed using its A-scan data so as to obtain a tissue attenuation rate which increases according to tumor growth.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.170-175
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• 2019

Background: Cryptotia is a congenital anomaly in which the upper part of the retroauricular sulcus is absent and buried underneath the temporal skin. Various surgical techniques have been reported for the correction of cryptotia following Kubo's V-Y plasty in 1933. Conventional methods using a local skin flap, skin grafting, tissue expansion, Z-plasty, and any of these combined approaches can result in skin deficiency of the upper auricle. The aim of this study was to develop a new method that improves cosmetic results and has fewer complications. Methods: This study involved four patients in whom five cryptotia deformities were corrected using V-Y plasty and Z-plasty. After elevation of the flap, acellular dermal matrix (ADM; MegaDerm) that was over 5 mm in thickness was applied to the cephalo-auricular angle and positioned to enhance the projection of the ear. Lastly, the flap was transposed to complete the repair. Results: Between January 2014 and February 2018, cryptotia correction with ADM graft was performed in four patients. None of the patients developed a recurrence of cryptotia, and there were no postoperative complications such as wound infection, seroma formation, and dehiscence. In addition, the procedures resulted in a favorable cosmetic appearance. Conclusion: Based on these findings, i.e., no recurrence and a favorable cosmetic result, when using an ADM graft, it is suggested that this technique could be an alternative method of cryptotia correction. It could also lessen donor-site morbidity when compared to autologous cartilage grafting and be more cost-effective than using cartilage from a cadaver.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.252-260
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• 1989

수도 소포자초기 내냉성의 전력환경에 따른 변동과 기구 및 생육특성을 구명코자 품종 도모유다가를 공시, 질소시용량을 pot 당 0.3g외 3수준과 영화분화기~소포자초기직전의 차광을 75%외 2단계로 한 후 소포자초기에 12$^{\circ}C$ 자연광실에서 3일간 저온처리한 후 내냉성을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 소포자분화수는 질소시용량간에 차이가 없었고, 약당충실화분수는 질소시용량이 많을수록, 차광정도가 클수록 적었다. 2. 약장과 주두장은 질소시용량과 차광정도에 따라서 대차 없었다. 3. 주두위에 수분된 화분수는 차광정도가 클수록 적었다. 4. 염실율은 대조구에서는 대차 없었으나 저온처리시 질소시용량과 차광정도가 클수록 낮았다. 5. 엽이간장 신장속도는 질소시용량이 적고, 차광정도가 클수록 떨어졌다. 6. 차광정도가 클수록 상위 1, 2 절간장은 짧아졌으나 4정간장은 길어졌다. 7. 일수영화수는 차광정도가 클수록 직선적으로 감소하였다.