• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current status of augmented reality picture books, which have been steadily developed since 2010, as a genre of electronic picture books, and to reveal how children's immersion in augmented reality picture books differs from paper picture books. To this end, 30 augmented reality picture books on the market were analyzed according to genre, life theme, implementation method, and augmented reality scene ratio. As a result of the study, it was found that the genre of picture books was in the order of information fairy tales, daily fairy tales, and historical fairy tales, and there were no traditional or fantasy fairy tales. Animals and plants accounted for about half of the life topics, and in some cases, there were only a few or no other life topics. In the augmented reality implementation scene, it consisted of only one page in the early days, but all pages are now possible to implement augmented reality due to technology development, production cost reduction, and improved hardware performance of smartphones. It was found that the augmented reality implementation method used CD-ROM in the early days, but gradually became possible to implement using only mobile phones and tablets that were easy for readers to access. In addition, after presenting four picture books to eight 5-year-old infants, the immersion time was measured and the immersion behavior was observed. As a result, augmented reality picture books showed higher immersion[immersion time, immersion behavior] than paper picture books, but compared by literature genre, life fairy tales were higher in paper picture books and natural fairy tales in augmented reality picture books. It was higher when presenting augmented reality picture books after presenting paper picture books according to the order of presentation of picture book types. The results of this study suggest that more diverse life topics and augmented reality picture books in the genre of children's literature should be developed to increase the utilization of augmented reality picture books. In addition, considering that there are differences in immersion between types, literary genres, and reading experience [presentation order], it is expected to increase the educational effect by using picture books complementarily.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.89-102
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• 2020

With the technology of the 4th Industrial Revolution integrated into the industry as a whole, digital transformation (DT) is becoming an innovative and essential element of corporate survival in the fashion industry, and it is expected that the paradigm shift in shopping will become an unavoidable reality, especially based on the AR. Therefore, in this study, the characteristics of augmented reality were presented separately as perceived realism, interaction, pleasure, and usability, and the influence of augmented reality by immersion parameters on the user's satisfaction and intended to reveal the relationship between satisfaction and usage through the characteristics of augmented reality. For the purpose of this study, a structured questionnaire was conducted, and the available 209 responses were collected and used for empirical analysis. The results of the empirical analysis are as follows. First, while immersion has the greatest effect on satisfaction, the effect on use intention has a stronger effect on satisfaction than immersion. This indicates that purchase occurs when the user's immersion leads to satisfaction, and when the satisfaction falls, the intention to use is also lowered. Second, interactivity, enjoyment, and ease of use among the various characteristics of fashion applications have a positive effect on immersion. Among them, ease of use had a strong effect on immersion. In light of this, it can be seen that ease of use should be considered first when creating an application based on augmented reality in the future fashion industry. However, the perceived reality is low in the degree of immersion, and the effect on satisfaction is also lowered, so it is difficult to be connected to intention. Considering that this study was conducted through indirect experience through video viewing, this study expects the development of research through a more practical research model in the future, as the impact is considered to be a relatively low measurement.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.411-415
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• 2010

Conventional Augmented Reality has used data gloves or markers for smooth interaction between objects and background. This causes inconvenience of use and lower immersion. To build up immersion in Augmented Reality, additional input devices must be removed. For this purpose, accurate recognition of space coordinates is needed even with no attachment of markers. This paper proposes a method to create virtual space coordinates for interaction without wearing additional input devices so as to improve immersion in Augmented Reality. The acquired image was projected to 2D space and vanishing lines were extracted to calculate the virtual space coordinates. Then the sizes of the inserted objects were varied in accordance with the size of the virtual coordinates area based on the image projected onto the 2D coordinates. This resulted in improved immersion. This method can increase the efficiency of object creation by excluding the use of a 3D modeler for creation of 3D objects.

• Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.143-147
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• 2011

The system using augmented reality can save the time and cost. It is verified in various fields under the possibility of a technology by solving unrealistic feeling in the virtual space. Therefore, augmented reality has a variety of the potential to be used. Generally, multimodal senses such as visual/auditory/tactile feed back are well known as a method for enhancing the immersion in case of interaction with virtual object. By adapting tangible object we can provide touch sensation to users. a 3D model of the same scale overlays the whole area of the tangible object; thus, the marker area is invisible. This contributes to enhancing immersive and natural images to users. Finally, multimodal feedback also creates better immersion. In this paper, sound feedback is considered. By further improving immersion learning augmented reality for children with the initial step learning content is presented. Augmented reality is in the intermediate stages between future world and real world as well as its adaptability is estimated more than virtual reality.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.31-42
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• 2021

Recently, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies are attracting attention as core technologies in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. These virtual and augmented reality technologies are being used in a variety of industries, including the construction industry, healthcare industry, and manufacturing industry, to innovate in communication and collaboration, education and simulation, customer service and reinvention of the customer experience. In this paper, VR-based experiential safety education was conducted for workers of shipbuilding companies in Ulsan city, and for them, the educational effectiveness such as immersion, site applicability, safety accident prevention, education satisfaction, overall performance, and safety behavior in VR-based safety experience education were measured. In addition, we examined whether the immersion of VR-based safety experience education affects site applicability, safety accident prevention, educational satisfaction, overall performance, and safety behavior. Furthermore, it was analyzed whether site applicability plays a mediating role in the relationship between immersion and safety accident prevention. As a result, it was found that the immersion of VR-based safety experience education affects site applicability, safety accident prevention effect, education satisfaction, overall performance, and safety behavior, and that site applicability mediates between immersion and safety accident prevention. Based on these results, we suggests a direction for the development of VR-based contents in the field of safety and health and the transformation of safety and health education in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.474-488
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• 2021

The application of Augmented Reality(AR) technology is visible in medical procedures, education, marketing, and journalism. By experimenting, this study examines how the evaluation of the three elements of augmented reality news contents(visual image, storytelling, interactivity) affects immersion and information acquisition. Specifically, a 2 (video technology: AR vs. general) × 2 (news type: disaster vs. sports) between-subject design was examined. Results showed that the evaluation of all three elements was higher when viewing AR news than when viewing general news. The level of immersion was higher when viewing AR news, and the evaluation of storytelling and interactivity had positive effect on the level of immersion regardless of the news types. However, the evaluation of visual images did not affect the level of immersion. Information acquisition was higher after viewing AR news, yet the effect of the evaluation of the three elements on information acquisition had not been found. Implication and discussion of the study were added in the end.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.27-35
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• 2017

This study aims to investigate the influence of engagement of augmented reality game on immersion. The relationship between engagement and flow was examined through the mediating effects of emotional attachment and focus of attention on presence and the mediating effects of presence on flow. In order to verify the research hypothesis, online questionnaire was conducted with the consent of $Pok\acute{e}mon$ Go game user group. The questionnaire items were translated from the Augmented Reality Immersion Questionnaire. A total of 200 questionnaires were collected and used for analysis. Using the SPSS 23.0 program and the Mplus 7.0 program, the reliability of the scale was confirmed through the Cronbach's coefficient and the causal relationship and the mediating effects were verified by path analysis. As a result, there was no direct causal relationship between engagement and flow. However, causal relationship was evident when emotional attachment and focus of attention were mediated in the process of engagement in augmented reality game. In conclusion, systematic explanations of participant's emotional attachment and attentional state as a main factor in the process of participating in the augmented reality game involvement, reveal the elements to be noticed by the augmented reality game.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1-21
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• 2021

This study is about Augmented Reality Game (AR Game) applied to Pokemon Go, which has recently been a sensational game. We focused on and analyzed the intention for continuous use as a dependent variable. We made hypotheses through previous studies and used spatial presence, perceived interactivity, perceived pleasure, and sickness as independent variables. Immersion was set up as a mediating variable. We conducted the study using 198 data, which people who experienced AR games responded. The results were as follows. First, spatial presence and perceived pleasure were found to have a significant effect on immersion, as in previous studies. Second, the relationship between sickness and immersion, which were shown to have a negative relationship in previous studies, we found that variables had a positive relationship unlike previous studies and rejected the hypothesis. Third, perceived interactivity, which is one of the crucial variables to affect the intention for continuous use, we found not to have a significant relationship among perceived interactivity, immersion, and the intention for continuous use. This result is opposite from previous studies, and further research on this issue is expected. We conducted this study with an individual user's view on immersion and the intention for continuous use rather than focusing on technical or political topics. Besides, this study has a significance that drew different results from previous studies and explored people who relish AR games with the characteristics of personal variables.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.249-274
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• 2022

This study is to focuses on users' attitudes toward augmented reality games. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Flow theory, continuous usage intention was set as a dependent variable, and immersion was set as a mediating variable. As independent variables, spatial presence, perceived interactivity, perceived pleasure, and sickness were set. Besides, this study strived to compare and analyze Korean and Chinese Data. The results of this study were as follows. First of all, Korean users significantly affected spatial presence, perceived pleasure, and immersion. Spatial presence and perceived pleasure had also mediated effects on continuous usage intention through immersion. However, perceived interactivity and sickness did not affect immersion and even no mediating effect to continuous usage intention. In the case of Chinese users, spatial presence, perceived interactivity, and perceived pleasure were grouped into one variable. This variable influenced immersion and also had mediated effect on continuous usage intention. However, sickness, like Korean users, did not affect the set path. This study had implications for analyzing user perspective using immersion, a significant variable in previous research. In addition, this study found similarities and characteristics through a comparative analysis between Korean and Chinese users indirectly.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.765-769
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• 2009

The Augmented Reality of existing for the interaction which the object and background is smooth used the data glove or marker. It is inconvenient to a use and it occurs the result of immersion feeling decrease. Immersion it will wind from Augmented Reality and the hazard which it strengthens the removal of the additional entry device which stands is necessary. It recognizes the space coordinates which is accurate even from the condition where the hazard marker which will reach does not attach in necessity. Immersion feeling improvement from Augmented Reality wearing the hazard additional entry device it proposes the space coordinate creation technique of the virtuality description below for a interaction without from the present paper. The method which is proposed the image which it acquires the object of virtuality reflected at 2D space and the characteristic line about under extracting the space coordinate which reflects about under calculating it reflected. The application is possible in markerless Augmented Reality and the mobile Augmented Reality.