• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.289-292
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• 2003

Primary malignant melanoma occurring in the lung is very rare and only few cases have been reported in the literatures. We have experienced one case of primary malignant melanoma of the right middle lobe. The patient was a 65-year-old male who had cough with blood tinged sputum for one month. Chest computed tomography showed about 4.5$\times$3 cm sized mass at the right middle lobe encasing the bronchus. Percutaneous needle biopsy was performed and confirmed to malignant melanoma. Physical examination and additional clinical history showed that the mass had not metastasized to other possible primary sites. The patient underwent thoracotomy with right middle lobe lobectomy. Histologically, the tumor showed sheets of tumor cells that have nuclear atypia and melanin pigment Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient has been followed up for 24 months with no recurrence.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.106-109
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• 2005

We report a case of Warthin's tumor of the parotid gland in a 53 year old man, which is incorrectly diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) smear obtained from the right parotid gland revealed scattered epithelial cell clusters or nests in a diffuse inflammatory and necrotic background. Some epithelial cells had squamoid appearance showing variable sized bizarre shaped nuclei. They had abundant of dense eosinophilic keratinized cytoplasm. Occasionally, parakeratotic cells were also present. These cytologic findings with significant atypia and necrotic background made diagnosis as squamous cell carcinoma. But, the resection specimen from this patient showed classic Warthin's tumor in addition to abundant areas of inflammation and squamous metaplasia. Metaplastic or infarcted Warthin's tumor in the salivary gland may be confused with false positive diagnosis of malignancy on FNAC. Therefore, cytopathologist should have adequate awareness of potential of erroneous diagnosis in FNAC of Warthin's tumor.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2006

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT), normally referred to as inflammatory pseudotumor, is a fairly rare condition. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of IMT has only rarely been reported. Here, we describe one such case of pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. A 30-year-old man presented with a 2.8cm-sized mass in his lung. Chest CT revealed a well defined, poorly enhancing mass. FNAC showed some fascicular or swirled clusters of spindle cells, admixed with occasional inflammatory cells and foamy histiocytes. The majority of the tumor cells evidenced bland, elongated nuclei, but infrequent pleomorphic nuclei. Some of the tumor cells evidenced nuclear grooves and intranuclear inclusions. Although the cytological differentiation of IMT from malignant lesions is not immensely problematic, due to the general paucity of cytological and nuclear atypia, a definite cytological diagnosis of IMT cannot be rendered simply by FNAC. Therefore, a diagnosis of IMT may be suggested via exclusive diagnosis.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 2007

Objective : To identify key cytologic features for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and morphologic differentiation from reactive/reparative respiratory epithelium. Study Design : The cytomorphologic features of 145 pulmonary cytology specimens (sputum and bronchial washing), which included 117 histologically proven adenocarcinomas and 28 non-neoplastic lesions, cytologically diagnosed as atypia and suspicious for malignancy (adenocarcinoma) were reviewed retrospectively. We analyzed 11 morphologic criteria in pulmonary cytologic specimens. Results: Over 110 of 117 cases of adenocarcinomas revealed nuclear membrane irregularities, non-cohesive cells, single atypical cells, moderate to markedly enlarged nuclei and an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio. Chromatin clearing, chromatin heterogeneity and hyperchromasia were seen in 102, 99 and 97 cases, respectively. All 28 cases involving non-neoplastic lesions revealed hyperplastic reactive pneumocytes, hyperplastic reactive bronchial epithelium, or degenerating macrophages. The non-neoplastic lesions revealed a small number of atypical cell clusters and paucity or absence of atypical single cells. Conclusion : The most important morphologic features for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma are nuclear membrane irregularities, non-cohesive cells, single atypical cell, moderate to markedly enlarged nuclei and increased N/C ratio. Chromatin clearing, chromatin heterogeneity and hyperchromasia were also helpful features, while pleomorphism and prominent nucleoli were less valuable.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2007

Mammary carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells is an unusual neoplasm characterized by giant cells, mononuclear stromal cells, and hemorrhage accompanying a low grade carcinoma. We present the cytological findings in a case of invasive ductal carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells that was initially confused with a fibroadenoma, due to its well-demarcated and soft mass and the young age of the patient. A 28-year-old female presented with a 4.5 cm, well demarcated, soft and nontender mass in the right breast. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showed a combination of low grade malignant epithelial cell clusters and osteoclast-like giant cells. The atypical epithelial cells were present in cohesive sheets and clusters. Osteoclast-like giant cells and bland-looking mononuclear cells were scattered. An histological examination revealed the presence of an invasive ductal carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells. We report here the cytological findings of this rare carcinoma in a very young woman. The minimal atypia of the epithelial cells and its soft consistency may lead to a false negative diagnosis in a young woman. The recognition that osteoclastlike giant cells are rarely present in a low grade carcinoma, but not in benign lesion, can assist the physician in making a correct diagnosis.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 2009

Proliferating trichilemmal tumor(PTT) is a rare neoplasm derived from the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. Malignant transformation is rare, but abrupt enlargement of size, infiltrative growth, and non-scalp location are suggestive of malignant PTT. Histopathologic characteristics of malignant PTT are nuclear atypia, pleomorphism, and mitotic figures. Recurrence and metastasis have been documented in malignant PTT. Wide resection of the tumor with the normal tissue and accurate follow-up is the treatment of choice of the both malignant and benign PTT. We report a 51-year-old man with the mass on right 5th finger distal phalanx for 7 years. The tumor was excised with middle phalangiectomy, and based on the histopathologic findings of the tumor, this case was diagnosed as mailignant PTT. We cannot detect recurrence and metastasis because the patient was lost to follow-up.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 2008

The recent WHO classification has recognized mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) as a distinct entity of renal cell carcinoma, exhibiting a mixed pattern of tubules and a surrounding spindle cell proliferation within a myxoid stroma, with low-grade nuclear features. A 51-year-old woman had an incidentally discovered renal mass. Radiologic examination revealed a large, well defined mass in the lower pole of the right kidney; a right radical nephrectomy was performed. Imprint cytologic smears from fresh surgical specimens showed cellular, cohesive clusters with thick, broad trabecular arrangements and branching structures. On high power fields, the tumor was composed of round-to-oval low-grade nuclei with vesicular chromatin and small nucleoli. The tumor cells had indistinct borders and pale, eosinophilic cytoplasm, In some areas, round-to-elongated tubular structures and spindle cell patterns were noted. Chronic inflammatory cell infiltration was noted, along with a mucinous back-ground and occasional psammoma bodies. Neither significant cytologic atypia nor mitosis was seen.

• Korean journal of dermatology
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.631-635
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• 2018

Microvenular hemangioma (MVH) is a rare acquired benign vascular neoplasm, which presents commonly as a solitary purple-to-red nodule or plaque measuring approximately 10 mm in diameter. MVH occurs primarily on the extremities or the trunk. Most lesions are solitary, and multiple lesions are rare. Histopathological features of MVH include numerous, scattered, thin and irregularly branching small vessels in the dermis and endothelial cells without atypia. Owing to similarities in clinical morphology and histopathological features, MVH may often be indistinguishable from the early patch stage of Kaposi sarcoma. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis helps differentiate between the 2 diseases. The results of IHC tests in patients with MVH show positive staining for CD31 and smooth muscle actin and typically, negative staining for the human herpes virus 8 antigen. We report a rare case of multiple MVH clinically mimicking the early patch stage of Kaposi sarcoma in a 63-year-old woman who presented with a 3-year history of slowly growing, compressible, soft, bluish-purple macules and plaques on the trunk and right arm.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.187-202
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The exposure to sucrose in rats has mimic abnormalities attributed to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The effects of honey bee and "free" glucose and fructose, have not been explored in this context. The aim was to expose Wistar rodents to sucrose solution (SS), honey solution (HS) and fructose/glucose solution (GFS) at 30% to assess their effects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: HS (n = 10), SS (n = 10) and GFS (n = 10) groups were formed. Solutions were ad libitum along 14-weeks. RESULTS: Between solutions consumptions, honey was significantly 42% higher (P = 0.000), while similar consumption was observed among GFS and SS. The feeding pattern of HS consumption was irregular along experiment; while the food intake pattern showed the similar trend among groups along time. Non statistical differences were obtained in any biochemical and anthropometric measure, however, a higher concentration of leptin (721 ± 507 pg/mL), lower concentration of total cholesterol (TC; 48.87 ± 2.41 mg/100 mL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL; 16.47 ± 6.55 mg/100 mL) and triglycerides (82.37 ± 32.77 mg/100 mL) was obtained in SS group. For anthropometric values, HS showed less total adipose tissue (AT; average 26 vs. 31-33 g) and adiposity index (average 6.11 vs. 7.6). Due to sugar-sweetened beverages consumption increases the risk for the development of chronic diseases; correlations between fluid intake and anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed. A moderate correlation was obtained in groups with the weight of total AT and solution intake; for the weight gain in GFS group and for triglycerides in HS and GFS. The highest hepatic tissue damage was observed in SS group with multiple intracytoplasmic vacuoles, atypia changes, moderate pleomorphism and hepatocellular necrosis. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the significantly higher consumption of HS, biochemical, anthropometrical and histological effects were not remarkably different in comparision to other sweeteners.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2001

Objectives: The most important differential point of follicular carcinoma from adenoma is capsular invasion or angioinvasion of follicular cells. Serial sections for examination of levels of tumor margins are necessary to watch the invasion. However, the interpretation of capsular invasion or angioinvasion is sometimes not feasible on the routine staining of tumor tissue. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical significance of expressions of $p27^{KIP1}$, MIB-1, bcl-2 and p53 in differential diagnosis of follicular adenoma and carcinoma. Materials and Methods: 16 cases of follicular carcinoma and 26 cases of follicular adenoma were entered on study of immunohistochemical stains for $p27^{KIP1}$, MIB-1, bcl-2 and p53. In carcinoma cases, correlation between the above markers, patient's age, tumor size, infiltration pattern and metastasis was studied. Results: $p27^{KIP1}$ labelling index (LI) of follicular carcinoma and adenoma was $4.89{\pm}6.92$ and $14.52{\pm}9.17$, respectively, but there was no significant difference between adenoma and carcinoma (p=0.2560). MIB-1 LI of carcinoma and adenoma was $4.11{\pm}3.89$ and $0.80{\pm}0.75$, respectively, and MIB-1 LI was significantly higher in carcinoma (p=0.0000). bcl-2 expression was seen in 2(12.5%) of 16 carcinoma cases and 130(50.0%) of 26 adenoma cases, and bcl-2 expression rate was higher in adenoma than in carcinoma(p=0.014). In one adenoma and one carcinoma case, p53 expression was noted. In follicular adenoma with atypia compared to adenoma without atypia, lower $p27^{KIP1}$ LI, higher MIB-1 LI and lower bcl-2 expression rate were seen. In follicular carcinoma, MIB-1 LI was significantly higher in invasive carcinoma(p=0.045) and was relatively increased in tumors larger than 3.0cm, showing angioinvasion and distant metastasis. But $p27^{KIP1}$ LI was higher in cases over 40 years old(p=0.008) and with conspicuous capsular invasion. There were no positive correlations between expressions of MIB-1, bcl-2 and p53. Conclusion: MIB-1 labelling index and bcl-2 expression could be helpful for differential diagnosis of follicular adenoma and carcinoma, but p53 showed very low expression rate and no significance in differential diagnosis. $p27^{KIP1}$ labelling index reveals decreasing tendency in carcinoma compared with adenoma, MIB-1 LI was considered as a poor prognostic marker in follicular carcinoma, but $p27^{KIP1}$ LI was higher in carcinoma cases over 40 years old with showing conspicuous capsular invasion. Further study for the significance of $p27^{KIP1}$ labelling index in follicular neoplasms is necessary to evaluate diagnostic value of follicular carcinoma.