• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.144-151
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• 2011

목적: 본 연구는 간호대학생의 임상실습 경험유무에 따른 죽음에 대한 태도, 자아존중감 및 삶의 만족도의 차이를 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 방법: 양산시에 위치한 2개 대학에 재학 중인 간호대학생 1,030명으로 대상으로 하였다. 자료수집은 2010년 10월 1일~10월 30일까지 강의시간 이외의 시간에 연구의 목적과 방법을 설명하고 설문에 대한 응답은 익명으로 처리됨을 알려 준 뒤 연구에 참여하기로 자발적으로 동의한 대상자에게 서면동의서와 설문지를 배부하고 개별적으로 설문내용을 작성하도록 한 후 현지에서 직접 회수하였고, 수집된 자료는 PASW statistics data editor 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 실수, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, 카이제곱 검정, t 검정, 분산분석, Scheffe 검정과 Pearson correlation coefficients로 분석하였다. 결과: 죽음에 대한 태도 점수는 임상실습 경험이 있는 간호대학생의 경우 2.85점, 실습경험이 없는 간호대학생의 경우 2.79점으로 중간수준이었으며, 임상실습 경험이 있는 간호대학생이 임상실습 경험이 없는 간호대학생에 비해 죽음에 대해 보다 긍정적인 태도를 가지고 있었고 자아존중감과 삶의 만족도가 높았다. 임상실습 경험이 있는 간호대학생의 죽음에 대한 태도는 자신이 지각하는 경제수준과 본인이 지각하는 자신의 건강상태에 따라 죽음에 대한 태도의 차이가 있었으며, 자아존중감과 만족도와 낮은 상관관계가 있었다. 결론: 간호제공자의 죽음에 대한 태도는 임종간호의 가장 중요한 요소로 간호의 질을 결정함을 감안할 때 미래의 간호사가 될 간호대학생의 죽음에 대한 태도를 보다 긍정적으로 변화시킬 필요가 있다. 특히 임상실습 경험이 없는 간호대학생이 죽음에 대해 보다 부정적인 태도를 가지고 있었고 자아존중감과 삶의 만족도가 낮았으므로 이들에게 보다 적극적인 관심이 필요할 것이다. 한편 임상실습 경험 유무에 따른 간호대학생의 죽음에 대한 태도, 자아존중감 및 삶의 만족도에 대한 선행연구가 부족하여 논의하는데 제한이 있으므로 반복연구가 필요할 것을 제언한다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.25-41
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated trends of nursing research on life-sustaining treatment in South Korea. Methods: The period for data search was set from January 2018 to December 2020. The major search terms used were advance directives and life-sustaining treatment. Of the 492 records identified in the initial search, 461 articles were excluded for various reasons. A total of 31 records were included in the final qualitative analysis. Results: Sixteen studies had nursing students as study subjects, while nine studies had nurses as study subjects. The majority of the studies employed cross-sectional descriptive surveys as their research design. The major themes that emerged from the studies were as follows: attitudes toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, knowledge of and attitudes toward advance directives, perceptions of a good death, and nurses' attitude toward life support care. Most of the studies reviewed concluded that attitudes toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment significantly impacted both knowledge of and attitudes toward advance directives and perceptions of a good death. Conclusion: To date, Korea still lacks extensive nursing research concerning life support care. Further research is needed to provide systematic education for nursing ethics and life support care, as well as the introduction of a specialist course. Furthermore, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to provide diverse support systems and policy measures. In particular, since nurses are directly responsible for providing life support care, nurses' roles should be expanded in accordance with the Act on Decisions on Life-Sustaining Treatment.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.162-178
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• 1974

The present study is purported to provide a basic information to be utilized by nurses to care and attend effectively for patients nearing the moment of death. Therefore, the primary purpose of the study has been placed upon grasping an understanding of the trends of death in general. For this purpose: 1. By utilizing the schneidman questionnaire, the trend of death has been categorized by 6 parts and analyzed. 2. A search has been conducted to find out dying patient's needs, nurse's attitudes viewed by the patient, and nurse attitudes to dying patient. The followings are itemized results of analysis: 1. Analysis by the schneidman questionnaire. (1) In general concepts of death. the first sighting of the occurrence of death was experienced upon strangers, grandfather and great grandfather. The death is openly discussed among people of all ages and sex. Ages in which the death is mostly feared were from 12 to well over 70 yews old that are evenly distributed regardless of difference in age. (2) As to the attitudes toward death the occurrence of death to most closely associated person influenced most upon the attitude of their own termination of lives. Among the reading materials, the maximum influence was effected by the Bible. In terms of religion, the thoughts of death were Influenced by religions education in case of the believers of the western religions (36%), and by their own health and physical conditions in case of the believers in the oriental religions (35%). In case of non-believer, their attitude toward death were largely determined through their own thinking meditation (45%). People aged 20 or thereunder revealed that they wished to know the day of their own death to be occurred (58%). However, the older the less thor wanted to know. (3) As to the choosing the time of death, 57% preferred senility, and 30% preferred the time in mediately following the prime period of their lives in general. In terms of religion, 85% of the believer in the oriental religion preferred senility, and 67% in the western religion, 58% in others, Therefore. the desiring of their lives to be terminated in earlier stage, not by the natural senility. sequenced as follows : Others, western religions and oriental religions. (4) Referring to the disposal of the corpse under the assumption that it had already occurred, majority desired the burial system. There has been seen a slight tendency to consider the importance of holding funeral services for the sake of survivors. Concerning the life insurance policy, it showed that the nurse had less belief in it than the patient (5) Upon the subject of life-after-death. religion wise, 72% of western religion believers preferred to have an existence of life-after-death: Among the believers of oriental regions, 35% desired this category, 30% did not mind either way. and 35% did not desire the existence of such a life-after-death. In others, 53% did not mind whether or not such a life existed. (6) In general, serious thoughts were not being attended to the commitment of suicide. 37% emphasized that such an act should be prevented. However, 30% insisted that such commitment should not be bothered, and that society possesses no right to prevented it. More male wished to commit suicide (13%) than females (9%). 2. Nurse's attitudes toward terminal patients and patient's needs. In the instance where the patient realized that their death is imminent, most of them showed desire to discuses mainly on the problems of life. When faced a situation of this nature, it is revealed that 40% of nurses could not furnish appropriate care for them.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of Brain Death Organ Donation Education on nurses' knowledge and attitudes. Methods: It is a quasi-experimental study using the non-equivalent control group. A total of 100 nurses participated in the study; 50 in the experimental group, and the rest in control group. Collected data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2-test$, t-test and ANCOVA by SPSS 12.0 program Results: There was a statistically significant difference in knowledge (F=13.29, p<.001), and attitude (F=4.35, p=.040) after the experimental group received Brain Death Organ Donation Education. Conclusion: The Brain Death Organ Donation Education was revealed as an effective tool in improving nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward organ donation.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.323-332
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the terminal care stress of nurses in intensive care units in terms of their death perception, attitude toward terminal care, and mental health. Methods: This descriptive study collected data from 118 nurses in intensive care units in one tertiary referral hospital and three general hospitals. The instruments used in the study were the Terminal Care Stress Assessment Tool, the View of Life and Death Scale, the Frommelt Attitudes toward Nursing Care of the Dying Scale (FATCOD), and the Mental Health Assessment Tool. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between terminal care stress and death perception (r=.31, p<.001). The factors significantly influencing the terminal care stress of the participants included gender (β=.33, p<.001), religion (β=.24, p=.004), and death perception (β=.35, p<.001), and the overall explanatory power was 23.1% (F=12.73, p<.001). Conclusion: To decrease terminal care stress among nurses, establishing the death perception of nurses based on value clarification about death may be necessary. Furthermore, this study suggests an intervention study examining the effect of an education program on terminal care stress among ICU nurses.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2005

목적: 본 연구는 죽음교육이 간호대학생의 죽음 불안과 임종간호 태도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 비동등성 대조군 전후 설계이다. 방법: 연구대상은 J시 G대학교 간호학과 3학년 학생 중 대상자 선정기준에 맞는 자로 실험군 20명 대조군 16명이었다. 자료 수집은 실험군과 대조군 대상자 모두에게 2004년 3월 2일 일반적 특성과 죽음관련 특성, 죽음불안과 임종간호태도에 대해 사전 조사하였고, 실험군은 2004년 3월 2일부터 3월 12일까지 죽음교육을 실시한 후 사후 조사하였으며, 대조군은 실험군의 프로그램 종료일인 2004년 3월 12일에 죽음불안과 임종간호태도에 대해 사후 조사를 하였다. 연구 도구는 죽음교육 프로그램, 죽음불안과 임종간호태도 척도를 사용하였다. 본 연구에서의 죽음교육은 Alfons[14]의 '죽음 어떻게 맞이할 것인가'와 죽음교육 관련문헌[8,15-17]와 송길원[18]과 김수지 등[19]을 통해 연구자가 재구성하여 수정 보완한 것으로 죽음의 탐색, 이해, 수용, 중재 등의 내용으로 구성되어 있는 프로그램을 말하며, 실험군에게 주 3회 1회에 100분씩 총 6회기로 진행하였다. 죽음 불안은 Collette와 Lester[28]가 개발하고 서[20]가 수정 번안한 죽음불안척도(Fear of Death and Dying Scale)를 본 연구자가 수정하여 사용하였으며, 임종 간호태도는 Frommelt와 Katherine[8]이 개발한 임종간호태도척도(Attitudes toward Nursing Care of the Dying Scale)를 본 연구자가 번역한 후, 영어 전공자 2인이 역으로 번역하였고, 성인간호학 교수 2인, 정신간호학 교수 1인의 자문을 받아 사용하였다. 자료 분석은 $SPSS/pc^+$ Windows (version 10.0) 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 전산처리 하였다. 가설검증을 정규성 검증, 실험군 및 대조군의 실험 전 후 차이는 paired t-test, 실험군과 대조군의 차이는 t-test로 분석하였다. 결과: 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 간호대학생의 죽음불안 정도(범위 $35{\sim}160$)는 90.89점이었고, 임종간호태도 정도(범위: $30{\sim}120$)는 86.78점이었다. 2. 제 1가설 '죽음교육을 받은 실험군의 죽음불안 정도가 죽음교육을 받지 않은 대조군보다 낮을 것이다'라는 제 1가설은 지지되었다(t=-2.11, P<.05). 3. 제 2가설 '죽음교육을 받은 실험군의 임종 간호 태도 정도는 죽음교육을 받지 않은 대조군보다 긍정적으로 높을 것이다'라는 제 2가설은 지지 되었다(t=2.99, P<.01). 결론: 죽음교육 프로그램은 간호대학생의 죽음불안 정도를 낮추고 임종간호태도를 긍정적으로 변화시키는데 효과가 있으므로 임상간호사와 호스피스 대상자 및 가족에게 적용할 필요가 있으리라 사료된다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to discover attitudes toward organ donation in brain dead donors and nursing ethical values of staff nurses. Method: The subjects were 196 nurses with direct patient care in a university hospital. Data collection was carried out for one month in September, 2008 using structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean and standards deviation, ANOVA and Pearson's Correlation with SPSS program. Result: The mean score of a positive attitude toward organ donation in brain dead donors was 3.59 points, and a negative attitude score was 3.02 points. The mean score of nursing ethical value was 3.05 points. The age and the length of career had a reverse correlation with a negative attitude toward organ donation. Nursing ethical values had a positive correlation with a negative attitude toward organ donation. Conclusion: It is necessary to increase understanding and recognition of brain death organs donation in the nurses who participate in direct patient care so as to help facilitate organ donation.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-102
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• 1990

The research is a comparative study of death attitudes between male and female elderly people. There is no doubt as to the inevitability of death. And yet, there is a vast conspiracy involved in the word of dead or death. The aged are considered to be nearer death than are people in other age groups. Kalish(1976) emphasized that for the aged two meanings of death have significance for evaluating their life ; first, that older people are known to have a limited life time and face death ; second that older people are known to have suffered many death-imposed losses that are often associated with the dying process. In considering these implications, the level of anxiety regarding death and dying is a crucial factor in determining mental health. In the study, 152 male elderly and 145 female elderly residing in Seoul, Korea was compared on the four dimensions of death anxiety and assigned personal variables. Therefore, the purpose the research was (1) to examine the characteristics of subjects on the independent variables(age, marital status, family relationship, social activities, religiousity etc.) ; (2) to examine the relationship between the independent variables and each dimension of death axniety ; (3) to determine the proportion of variance in the respective of death anxiety which is accounted for by the respective independent variables ; (4) to examine whether a significant difference between the respective independent variables and each dimension of death anxiety has ; (5) to determine the combination of variables which is the most successful in explaining the variance in death anxiety. Finding from this study support the following conclusions; 1. There was a significant differences between the male and female subjects in the level of death anxiety. In turn, the male older adults had lower death anxiety than did the female elderly. This implies that male tend to look forward to death rather than deny it. 2. As there was evidences from several studies, this research found that fear of death decreases as age increases. 3. The following two variables that correlate best with dying anxiety of others in both male and female older adults : 'marriage life', 'social interaction'. 4. The variables 'age' and 'children' for both female and male elderly accounted for the most variance in death anxiety of self. The findings of the study lend this investigator several suggestions, implications and recommendations for future research. There can be no death without life, and conversely, no life without death. Psychologists and health-related professionals may be learn as much about death as they can in order to develop more healthy attitudes and in order to be able to better aid and comfort dying people and their familities. Perhaps most importantly, professionals may be help those who are not faced with death at present to develop an understanding of it and healthy attitudes toward it. The programs of death education are needed for dedication to the evitability of death and the preparation of life for the older adults. More seminars, symposiums and research on death attitudes are needed. Finally, study for female older adults has been negelected topic in the areas of women's study and health education. Future study, for female elderly, have to deeply investigate where those problems come from and how to cope with in order to the female elderly segment can live the rest of their lives in satisfaction with well-being.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2020

본 연구는 응급구조과 대학생의 죽음의식, 연명치료중단에 대한 태도, 생명의료윤리인식의 수준을 파악하고, 생명의료윤리인식에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하기 위해 시도되었다. 연구대상은 D시에 소재한 일개대학 응급구조과 재학생 228명을 대상으로 시행하였으며, 자료수집은 2019년 4월부터 6월까지 자기보고식 구조화된 설문지를 이용하였다. 연구결과로 생명의료윤리인식과 연명치료중단에 대한 태도 간에는 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 분석되었다(r=.63, p<.001). 다중회귀분석결과, 생명의료윤리인식에 영향을 미치는 요인은 종교(β=.12)와 연명치료중단에 대한 태도(β=.61)로 41.0%의 설명력을 나타냈다. 따라서 생명의료윤리인식을 향상시키기 위해 응급구조과 학생들의 교육프로그램은 연명치료중단에 대한 태도에 초점을 맞추어야 할 것이다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.244-253
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• 2019

본 연구는 의료종사자의 생명의료윤리 의식, 좋은 죽음 인식과 자아존중감이 사전의료의향서에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향요인을 살펴보고자 수행되었다. 본 연구의 참여자는 Y시에 있는 3개 종합병원에 근무하는 의료종사자 292명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료수집은 2019년 4월 2일부터 4월 23일까지 실시하였고, 자료분석은 SPSS Statistics 22.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression을 하였다. 다중 회귀분석 결과 사전의료의향서에 대한 태도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 사전의료의향서 인식, 사전의료의향서 작성여부, 사전의료의향서 작성 시기, 좋은 죽음 인식이었으며 이들의 설명력은 23.5%(F=12.39, P=.000)로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 의료종사자의 좋은 죽음 인식에 대한 교육을 제공함으로써 사전의료의향서에 대한 올바른 태도확립을 위한 중재 프로그램 개발이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.