• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2011

This study is conducted to verify existing differences in consumer attitude according to distributor type and PB product type. Pre-test was conducted for this study in order to select the distributor and to classify the product type, FGI was conducted with 10 graduate students of K university in Kyong-gi. This study survey housewives, office workers, and university students excluding the participants in the pre-test. In the final analysis, research hypothesis is verified through the data of 280 answers in Korea. This research is conducted with a factor design of 3 types of distributors -department store, discount store, convenience store-and 2 types of product -utilitarian product, hedonic product. To verify the hypotheses, ANOVA is carried out. Reliability test of each measurement variables, Cronbach α coefficient is used. For each analysis, SPSS Windows 15.0 statistical program is used. The findings suggest that First, according to the size and characteristics, distributors are classified into department stores, discount stores, and convenience stores and it is verified whether if there are differences in consumers' attitude (product attitude, brand attitude and purchase intention) by the effect of different distributors. Results showed that product attitude is statistically significant. Second, product type is classified by two categories according to whether the product seeks for practicality or emotional pleasure - Utilitarian product and Hedonic product. In this context, the result after verifying whether if there is difference in the attitudes -product attitude, brand attitude, and purchase intention - in accordance with the product types is shown that utilitarian products makes bigger difference compared to hedonic products. Third, it is confirmed that there is interaction effect between product attitude and purchase intention according to the distributer type and product type. However, we find that in terms of brand attitude, there is no interaction effect. The implications of this research is as the following. First, we propose the need of PB product development and marketing strategy, which considers the product types in accordance with the scale and features of each distributor. Second, PB products should break away from the simplicity of standardized products and consider the different features of distributors. Distributors will be in need of a strategy to build a compelling brand that can differentiate itself from other distributors. This will contribute to the improvement in reliability and formation of product value.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.97-123
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• 2008

Recently, there has been a growing trend toward private brand. Although much has been written about the determinants of attitude and purchase intention on PB, little is known about the influence of manufacturer and retailer trust on private brand purchase. This research addresses three questions:(1) what impact do manufacturer and retailer trust have on private brand purchase?(2) What is a key mediating variable in the relationship retailer between trust(on retailer/manufacture) and purchase intention?(3) Are the impacts of these factors differ depending on the level of customer knowledge? The findings indicate that retailer trust directly influence on the perceived quality, attitude toward private brand, and purchase intention. Manufacturer trust affects on attitude and purchase intention, however, only when it is through perceived quality. In addition, the relative impact of theses two factors differs to some extent, depending on the level of consumer knowledge. When customer knowledge is relatively high, retailer trust is a very important factor influencing perceived quality, attitude and purchase intention. On the other hand, both retailer trust and manufacturer trust are considered when customer knowledge on private brand is low.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.355-368
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• 2013

In securities companies where corporate management performance is heavily dependent on the ability of salespeople, excellent sales-force with the ability to create high performance is very important. However, in the meantime, there was lack of studies on Private Banker's characteristics and sales behavior or sales performance. This study analyzed the effect of PB's characteristics on sales behavior in the Korean Securities Industry. The survey was conducted in March, 2013. 523 responses were used in the data analysis. As a result, PB's 4 characteristics- attitude to work, performance orientation, learning orientation, customer orientation- showed a positive impact on the sales behavior, and the organizational support showed positive moderating effect on this model. In this study, we reported that securities companies must reinforce training and self-development programs in order to improve the characteristics of the PB and to upgrade management performance. In particular, the securities has to rebuild organizational support system to improve the individual characteristics of the PB.

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.35-56
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• 2006

The objective of this research is to identify the factors affecting the quality perception of consumer about the private brand and to investigate how the monetary utility of the private brand affects the consumer's preference. The main finding can be summarized in three points. The consumer's usage experience with PB have a positive but store image has no significant effect on the quality perception of PB. The perceived quality and monetary utility of PB has a significant effect on the quality perception while the perceived quality has stronger effect. The competitiveness of the national brand in the same store, post-usage attitude, the perceived quality, and perceived value have significant effect on the preference toward PB but monetary utility does not. The perceived effect has the strongest effect. This result suggests that even the value-seeking consumers prefer PB only when the perceived quality exceeds a certain limits. This study provides the strategic implications for retail managers and theoretical implication for the researcher studying PB.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationship among knowledge, attitudes and prevention behaviors (PB) on tuberculosis (Tb) infection in nursing students. Methods: 268 subjects were recruited from two universities located in C D cities of Korea and data were collected utilizing self-reported questionnaires. Results: The mean scores of knowledge, attitudes and PB on Tb infection were 64.83, 3.18 and 2.97. The knowledge differed according to gender (t=-3.16, p=.002), grades (F=32.19, p<.001), educational experience about Tb (EETb) (F=10.59, p<.001), learning information about Tb (t=3.08, p=.002) and getting Tb: self or others (t=2.78, p=.006). The attitudes differed according to grades (F=7.71, p<.001) and EETb (F=2.68, p=.047). The PB differed according to grades (F=7.02, p<.001) and EETb (F=4.55, p=.004). Significant correlations were found between knowledge and PB (r=.20, p=001), attitudes and PB (r=.33, p<.001). The most significant factor influencing PB was attitudes with R2 value of 13.9% (F=11.81, p<.001). Conclusion: These findings indicate that knowledge and attitude adjustment may be necessary to improve PB for Tb infection in nursing students. Moreover further study is necessary to find out the ways to reinforce the level of attitudes. The results of the study can be utilized in educational programs for preventing Tb infection in nursing students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.228-236
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• 2001

Economic crisis in Korea since December 1997 had tremendously affected consumer behavior. This study examined consumer perception of the economic crisis and investigated its impacts on consumer ethnocentrism and purchase behaviors of foreign products. Two product categories of clothing and cosmetics were selected fro empirical testing. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey to female consumers in Korea during September 1998, and 468 responses were analyzed. The consumer perception of the economic crisis(PCEP) scale was developed for the study. Correlation and regression analyses revealed: 1) the positive relationship between PCEP and consumer ethnocentrism(ETHN); 2) the positive effects of attitude toward foreign products(ATTI) on actual purchase of foreign products since the economic crisis(PB) and on purchase intention of foreign products(PI) for both clothing and cosmetics; 3) the negative effect of ETHN on PI for both product categories; and 4) the negative effects of PCEP on PB and PI for clothing.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.109-133
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• 2014

With a growing concern about climate change and green house gases mitigation, carbon labeling policy has been launched in several countries as an environmental policy which connects low carbon production to low carbon consumption. This research aims to propose a model that explains consumers' attitude and brand loyalty toward carbon labeling products. This model specifies the consumer's psychological processes by which consumer values, such as autonomy and environmental values, affect carbon labeling product and corporate images and finally form brand loyalty toward carbon labeling products. Panel data were collected in two separate surveys and analyzed using a structural equation technique. Results are summarized as follows. First, consumers' autonomy value(AV) positively affects locus of control(LC) and corporate image(CI). Second, consumers' environmental value(EV) positively influences perceived consumer effectiveness(PCE), which in turn has a negative effect on perceived barriers(PB). Perceived barriers finally affect product image(PI) negatively. Third, both corporate image and product image have causal relationships with brand loyalty. Our results suggest that carbon labeling policy contributes not only to the reduction of greenhouse gases but also to the increase of consumers' attitude and brand loyalty toward carbon labeling products. This research also provides governments with directions for efficient environmental policy and firms with guidance on effective marketing strategies about carbon labeling.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.383-395
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• 2020

The stratigraphical position of the Haengmae Formation can provide clues towards solving the hot issue on the Silurian formation, also known as Hoedongri Formation. Since the 2010s, there have been several reports denying the Haengmae Formation as a lithostratigraphic unit. This study aimed to clarify the lithostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic significance of the Haengmae Formation. The distribution and structural geometry of the Haengmae Formation were studied through geologic mapping, and the correlation of relative geologic age and the absolute age was performed through conodont biostratigraphy and zircon U-Pb dating respectively. The representative rock of the Haengmae Formation is massive and yellow-yellowish brown pebble-bearing carbonate rocks with a granular texture similar to sandstone. Its surface is rough with a considerable amount of pores. By studying the mineral composition, contents, and microstructure of the rocks, they have been classified as pebble-bearing clastic rocks composed of dolomite pebbles and matrix. They chiefly comprise of euhedral or subhedral dolomite, and rounded, well-sorted fine-grained quartz, which are continuously distributed in the study area from Biryong-dong to Pyeongan-ri. Bedding attitude and the thickness of the Haengmae Formation are similar to that of the Hoedongri Formation in the north-eastern area (Biryong-dong to Haengmae-dong). The dip-direction attitudes were maintained 340°/15° from Biryong-dong to Haengmae-dong with a thickness of ca. 200 m. However, around the southwest of the studied area, the attitude is suddenly changed and the stratigraphic sequence is in disorder because of fold and thrust. Consequently, the formation is exposed to a wide low-relief area of 1.5 km × 2.5 km. Zircon U-Pb age dating results ranged from 470 to 449 Ma, which indicates that the Haengmae Formation formed during the Upper Ordovician or later. The pebble-bearing carbonate rock consisted of clastic sediments, suggesting that the Middle Ordovician conodonts from the Haengmae Formation must be reworked. Therefore, the above-stated evidence supports that the geologic age of the Haengmae Formation should be Upper Ordovician or later. This study revealed that the Haengmae Formation is neither shear zone, nor an upper part of the Jeongseon Limestone, and is also not the same age as the Jeongseon Limestone. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the Haengmae Formation should be considered a unit of lithostratigraphy in accordance with the stratigraphic guide of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS).

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.350-359
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to develop theme-based integrated science unit by the interdisciplinary approach and to analyze it's effects on the science achievement and the attitude towards science learning. 'Interaction' and 'Stability' were selected as the integrated themes, and the main concept and subconcept in relation to the themes were extracted from the four areas of science, and the learning contents were constructed in the integrated ways. While the main concept have relevance to subconcept in the interaction, the main concept have little relevance to subconcept in the stability. Therefore, the stability was to fit with middle school integrated science theme, but the interaction was not. The theme-based integrated science units developed was implemented in middle school, and the results are follows. First, the science achievement of group of theme-based integrated science teaching is significantly higher than those of group of traditional teaching. Second, the scores of the test of attitude toward science learning of the group of theme-based integrated science teaching is significantly higher than those of group of traditional teaching. Third, the students' perception of theme-based integrated science teaching was positive. The students have participation, interest, motivation in theme-based integrated science teaching, and students have difficulty in learning theme-based integrated science teaching.