• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.43-51
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• 2010

Attenuation coefficients of medical ultrasound not only reflect the pathological information of tissues scanned but also provide the quantitative information to compensate the decay of backscattered signals for other medical ultrasound parameters. Based on the frequency-selective attenuation property of human tissues, attenuation estimation methods in spectral domain have difficulties for real-time implementation due to the complexicity while estimation methods in time domain do not achieve the compensation for the diffraction effect effectively. In this paper, we propose the modified VSA method, which compensates the diffraction with reference phantom in time domain, using adaptive bandpass filters with decreasing center frequencies along depths. The adaptive bandpass filtering technique minimizes the distortion of relative echogenicity of wideband transmit pulses and maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio due to the random scattering, especially at deeper depths. Since the filtering center frequencies change according to the accumulated attenuation, the proposed algorithm improves estimation accuracy and precision comparing to the fixed filtering method. Computer simulation and experimental results using tissue-mimicking phantoms demonstrate that the distortion of relative echogenicity is decreased at deeper depths, and the accuracy of attenuation estimation is improved by 5.1% and the standard deviation is decreased by 46.9% for the entire scan depth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.771-778
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to present a method of measuring noise by the percentage of effective line attenuation coefficient of water that can be used for quality control of CT image noise using AAPM CT performance phantom in clinical practice. In the CT images obtained by scanning the AAPM CT performance phantom with a 120 kVp CT X-ray beam, the mean CT number was measured for each pin and water in the CT number linearity insert part. The effective energy was determined as the photon energy with the largest correlation coefficient from the correlation coefficients of the linear regression analysis of the measured mean CT number for each pin and water and the linear attenuation coefficient for each photon energy. And for water and acrylic, the contrast scale was calculated as 0.000188 cm^-1 · HU^-1 from the measured mean CT number and effective line attenuation coefficient. Using the calculated contrast scale, the effective line attenuation coefficient of water, and the standard deviation measured in the water of the alignment pin part of the AAPM CT performance phantom, The noise measurement value by the percentage of effective line attenuation coefficient of water obtained 0.31 ~ 0.52% in the range of 100 ~ 300 mAs.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.661-667
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• 2009

Trabecular-bone-mimicking phantoms consisting of parallel-nylon-wire arrays were used to investigate correlations of phase velocity and attenuation coefficient with structural properties in trabecular bone. Trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) of the 7 trabecular-bone-mimicking phantoms ranged from 300 to $900\;{\mu}m$ and volume fraction (VF) from 1.6% to 8.7%. Phase velocity and attenuation coefficient of the phantoms were measured by using a through-transmission method in water, with a matched pair of broadband unfocused transducers with a diameter of 12.7 mm and a center frequency of 1 MHz. Phase velocity and attenuation coefficient at 1 MHz decreased almost linearly with increasing Tb. Sp and increased almost linearly with increasing VF. The simple and multiple linear regression models with phase velocity and attenuation coefficient as independent vanables and Tb.Sp and VF as dependent variables demonstrated that the coefficients of determination for the prediction of VF were higher than those for the prediction of Tb.Sp. The results obtained in the trabecular-bone-mimicking phantoms consisting of parallel-nylon-wire arrays were consistent with those in human trabecular bone suggesting that the structural properties can be estimated from the measurements of phase velocity and attenuation coefficient in trabecular bone.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.65-77
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• 1996

Using the 2-D and 3-D Hoffman brain phantom, 3-D Jaszczak phantom and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, the effects of data acquisition parameter, attenuation, noise, scatter and reconstruction algorithm on image quantitation as well as image quality were studied. For the data acquisition parameters, the images were acquired by changing the increment angle of rotation and the radius. The less increment angle of rotation resulted in superior image quality. Smaller radius from the center of rotation gave better image quality, since the resolution degraded as increasing the distance from detector to object increased. Using the flood data in Jaszczak phantom, the optimal attenuation coefficients were derived as 0.12cm$\^$-1/ for all collimators. Consequently, the all images were corrected for attenuation using the derived attenuation coefficients. It showed concave line profile without attenuation correction and flat line profile with attenuation correction in flood data obtained with jaszczak phantom. And the attenuation correction improved both image qulity and image quantitation. To study the effects of noise, the images were acquired for 1min, 2min, 5min, 10min, and 20min. The 20min image showed much better noise characteristics than 1min image indicating that increasing the counting time reduces the noise characteristics which follow the Poisson distribution. The images were also acquired using dual-energy windows, one for main photopeak and another one for scatter peak. The images were then compared with and without scatter correction. Scatter correction improved image quality so that the cold sphere and bar pattern in Jaszczak phantom were clearly visualized. Scatter correction was also applied to 3-D Hoffman brain phantom and resulted in better image quality. In conclusion, the SPECT images were significantly affected by the factors of data acquisition parameter, attenuation, noise, scatter, and reconstruction algorithm and these factors must be optimized or corrected to obtain the useful SPECT data in clinical applications.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1992.06a
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• pp.96-99
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• 1992

섬유강화 복합재료의 동탄성계수와 감쇠특성을 규명하기 위하여 랜덤하게 분포된 무한 실린더 형상의 산란체를 가진 매질내에서, 조화운동을 하는 압축 및 SV탄성파의 전파에 관하여 연구하였다. 단일 실린더에 대한 산란계수로부터 La의 준결정근사법을 이용하여 다중산란에 관한 이론을 유도하였고, 매질내에서의 파동전파 특성을 내포하는 분산관계식을 얻었다. 수치적으로 분산관계식의 해를 구함으로써 2 차원 유효체적강성, 횡방향 유효전단강성 및 각 파동의 전파에 따른 감쇠계수를 주파수와 체적비의 함수로서 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 1992.11a
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• pp.56-59
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• 1992

Adaptive active attenuation of noise in a duct is considered. A duct is modelled when the acoustic feedback exists. The secondary path transfer function is estimated using multiple model approaches. An IIR structure is assumed for the control filter, and the recursive least mean squares algorithm is used to adjust the filter coefficients.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1721-1727
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• 1989

Carbon-ferrite microwave absorbers were designed experimentally and fabricated trialy, as a result of which the relative frequency bandwith of 7.3 to 8.2% were obtained under the tolerance limits of the reflection coefficients lower than -20 dB, and the matching thickness becomes 1.4 to 1.6mm, which is significantly thinner than that of the conventional ones. Furthermore, attenuation has been founded by measuring the material constants of the microwave absorbers for microwave oven and the results are compared and discussed.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.827-830
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• 2003

This paper proposes an area-efficient FIR filter architecture for sampling rate conversion of hi-fi audio data. Sampling rate conversion(SRC) block converts audio data sampled at 96KHz down to 48KHz sampled data and vice versa. 63-tap FIR filter coefficients have been synthesized that gives 100dB stop band attenuation and 5.2KHz transition bandwidth. Time-shared filter architecture requires only one multiplier and accumulator for 63-tap filter operation. This results in huge hardware saving of up to 10~19 times smaller compared with traditional FIR structure.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.22-27
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• 2004

Waveheight attenuation efficiencies of floating breakwaters in water of finite depth for a VLFS are studied numerically in accordance with the two body radiation-diffraction problem. Four different forms of the breaker are tested with a solid VLFS. The radiation-diffraction wave elevations between the breakwater and the VLFS are predicted directly instead of the far-field transmission-reflection coefficients of the breakwater.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.505-510
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• 2002

The attenuation of waves transmitted through non-conservative joints that are shown in many paractical structures, is affected by the impedance and the orientation of the joint. In this paper, the joints between plate structures are assumed to be modeled as linear spring-dashpot systems and the transmission and reflection of vibration energy in the medium to high frequency ranges are investigated. The calculated power transmission and reflection coefficients are applied to the PFA method for the prediction of energy density and intensity in structures.