• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.21-21
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• 2011

Many Asian countries are suffered from various problems on water, which include the need for increased access to improves water supplies and sanitation through investments in infrastructure and capacity building, the balances water management system between development and ecosystem, and the need to reduce the human populations'vulnerability to water-related disasters, in particular, from climate variability and evolution. Decison makers are the most influential people in policy making and solving global water problems is central issue in eradicating poverty and achieving sustainable development (MDG). They across the world form an integral part of the architecture of national or regional governance. Their role covers a range of decision-making processes including passing legislation, scrutinizing government policy, and representing citizen through the election. We must ensure that these quiet but important issues get the political space, financial priority and public attention they deserve. Regional bodies such as the EU have also enacted legislation which introduces rules on water quality and other enforceable mattera across state boundaries. With this growing body of laws and policies on water issues, the role of decision makers is growing. Recognizing this role, decison makers' platform is essential to provide an opportunity to discuss crucial water issues in each country or region and for the purpose "2010 Parliaments for Water in Asia" has planned and organized to investigate our common issues and goals. During the meeting, we have an opportunity to observe water policy of Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Mongolia, New Zealand and the Philippines and share the views on what needs to be done to move forward by decision makers for the future of water. In conclusion, the process of developing the decision makers' platform in each region would be ultimately essential point to increase the awareness of the developed and developing countries' roles, knowledge to clarify roles and responsibilities of each stake holders and finally be a major actor for resolving not only water challenges also issues of human settlements.

• Near Infrared Analysis
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.21-27
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• 2000

Temperature-dependent changes in near-infrared (NIR) spectra have been measured for oleic acid, and nonanoic acid in the pure liquid state. Particular attention has been paid to the 5400-4800 cm$\^$-1/ region where a number of combination bands appear. The NIR spectra of oleic acid show that a band at 5303 cm$\^$-1/ increases with temperature while that at 5270 cm/sup-1/ decreases. It ha been found from their second derivative spectra that these spectral changes take place stepwisely with two break points at 30 and 53$\^{C}$, which correspond to the phase transition temperatures oleic acid reported previously. Principle component analysis (PCA) has been carried out for the NIR spectra of oleic acid in the 5400-4800 cm$\^$-1/ region measured over a temperature range of 15-80$\^{C}$. core plots of the first and second principal components (PCs) show that the NIR spectra are classified into three groups; the spectra measured in the temperature range of 15-30$\^{C}$, those in the range of 31-53$\^{C}$, and those in the range of 54-80$\^{C}$. These temperature ranges correspond to those for quasi-smectic liquid crystal, disordered liquid crystal, and isotropic liquid of oleic acid in the pure liquid state. In other words, PCA provides unambiguous evidence for the phase transitions. similar studies have been carried out for petroselinic acid and nonanoic acid in the pure liquid states, but they do not show any evidence for phase transitions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-128
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to find fitness of brassiere by means of body measuring value, its variation volume, the evaluation of perceptive image, and the evaluation of the sense of wearing. The results were as follows; 1) According to comparison for body measuring value before and after wearing brassiere, bust point (B.P.) height, lower bust height, upper chest circumference, chest circumference, and bust depth are increased, and lower chest circumference, bust point breadth, shoulder middle point - B.P., B.P. -under bust, and cup horizontal girth are decreased. 2) The difference of variation volume by material is not accepted. The part above $20\%$ at variation rate is under the region of the armpit, that is, the region connected arm from the back. 3) The subjects replied that they wore the brassiere in order to compensate the breast and needed to wear it regardless of thiness and obesity. They wore the brassiere in order to dress themselves in good shape, and felt that it put pressure upon the body, while it had nothing to do with adjusting bodily temperature and gave the sense of security. 4) The estimate of the sense of wearing by material is recognized as the difference of the attention at attentive level $1\%$. The multiple factor analysis of each item in the sense of wearing showed that the items which are explained over $90\%$ by common factors are '1. Unpreasant in touch', '2. The part of edge is haggard', '15. Not to be fit'.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.65.1-65.1
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• 2013

The 2011 August 09 Flare is one of the largest X-ray flares of Sunspot Cycle 24 to attract a lot of attention for its various activities detected in coronal images. In this study we concern ourselves mostly on information of high energy electrons produced during this flare provided by hard X ray data from the Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) and radio data from the Korean Solar Radio Burst Locator (KSRBL) and Ondrejov. EUV images obtained by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory are used to provide the context of magnetic reconnection. In our results, (1) HXR spectra have a rich spectral morphology. Initially it could be fit by one thermal component (T~30MK) and one single power law nonthermal spectrum, but later a better fit could be made by introducing an additional thermal component (T~55 MK). (2) Time delays between the KSRBL burst and the RHESSI hard X-ray emission were found which are more obvious at low frequencies and insignificant at high frequencies. (3) The HXR source lies in the core of the quadrupolar active region. In our interpretation based on AIA 94 A images, the outer part of the active region erupted to be blown out, leaving the intense hard X-ray emission concentrated in the core. We relate the appearance of the second thermal component to the evolution of the AIA 171 and 94 A images. The time delays of microwave peaks to HXR peaks are interpreted as indicating presence of trapped electrons in larger closed magnetic loops. With these result we conclude that the hard X ray and microwaves are due to impulsive acceleration in the low and high heights and a sigmoidal reconnection scenario.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.408-418
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• 2017

Supercritical carbon dioxide ($sCO_2$) power system is emerging technology because of its high cycle efficiency and compactness. Meanwhile, PCHE (Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger) is gaining attention in $sCO_2$ power system technology because PCHE with high pressure-resistance and larger heat transfer surface per unit volume is fundamentally needed. Thermo-fluidic characteristics of $sCO_2$ in the micro channel of PCHE should be investigated. In this study, heat transfer characteristics of $sCO_2$ of various inlet conditions and cross-sectional shapes of single micro channel were investigated experimentally. Experiment was conducted at supercritical state of higher than critical temperature and pressure. Test sections were made of copper and hydraulic diameter was 1 mm. Convective heat transfer coefficients were measured according to each interval of the channel and pressure drop was also measured. Convective heat transfer coefficients from experimental data were compared with existing correlation. In this study, using measured data, a new empirical correlation to predict near critical region heat transfer coefficient is developed and suggested. Test results of single channel will be used for design of PCHE.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2007

Infections in oral and maxillofacial region are relativley common and self-limiting, but in some cases, infections spread to adjacent hard and soft tissue and to cause any complication, even threaten life. So we made retrospective study of patients with interfascial infection who had been hospitalized and been treated by surgical treatment in Dankook university about 10 years. We reviewed the charts of patient with interfascial infection from 1995 to 2005. The result were as follows: 1. In gender & age distribution, male(54.2%) & fouth decade were most frequently. 2. The most common cause of infection was dental caries(55.2%) and the most of involving teeth was lower posterior teeth(44.1%). 3. Submandibular space is most frequently involving space and most infection involved mainly one space. 4. The patients with systemic disease were 38.2%. Diabetic mellitus was 87.2% of systemic diease. The admission period was 19.5 days in systemic disease. 5. The most microorganism in culture was Streptococcus Viridans(36.2%) in all patient. Klebsiella Pneumoniae was found most in Diabetic Mellitus. 6. The patient were mainly treated I&D on admission day. Of them 5(1.1%) patients were received tracheostomy. 7. Serum albumin, CRP and body weight are associated with Nutritional Risk Index(NRI). High risk patient group according to NRI classification showed higher rate of complications & mortality. 8. The patients with complication were 28(6.7%) persons. 4(0.9%) patients were expired. Nutritional Risk Index was helpful to predict the prognosis. When interfascial infection starts to spread, we must pay attention to airway management. Fluid therapy with nutritional may support to healing of wound.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.167-181
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• 2007

The newly adopted Korea Geodetic Datum (a.k.a. KGD2002) calls for massive reengineering work on geospatial dataset. The main focus of our study is placed on the strategy and system implementations of the required data reengineering with a keen attention to integrated approaches to interoperability, standardization, and database utilization. Our reengineering strategy includes file-to-file, file-to-DB, DB-to-file, and DB-to-DB conversion for the coordinate transformation of KGD2002. In addition to the map formats of existing standards such as DXF and Shapefile, the newly recommended standards such as GML and SVG are also accommodated in our reengineering environment. These four types of standard format may be imported into and exported from spatial database via KGD2002 transformation component. The DB-to-DB conversion, in particular, includes not only intra-database conversion but also inter-database conversion between SDE/Oracle and Oracle Spatial. All these implementations were carried out in multiple computing environments: desktop and the Web. The feasibility test of our system shows that the coordinate differences between Bessel and GRS80 ellipsoid agree with the criteria presented in the existing researches.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2018

Nowadays most integrated circuits are built using the bulk CMOS technology, but it has much difficulty in further reduction of the power consumption and die size. As a super low-power technology to solve such problems, the SOI technology attracts great attention recently. In this paper, the study results of the temperature dependency of the hot carrier effects in the n-channel MOSFETs fabricated on the thin SOI substrate were discussed. In spite that the devices employed the LDD structure, the hot carrier effects were more serious than expected due to the high series resistance between the channel region and the substrate contact to the ground, and were found to be less serious for the higher temperature with the more phonon scattering in the channel region, which resulted in reducing the hot electron generation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.738-742
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• 2008

The 21st century is often dubbed as a century of culture. Many eyes are on various cultures including global and national ones. In particular regional cultures have emerged as a major interest. Korea's Jeonnam province which has been regarded as a backward region is not an exception in this regard. Its cultural contents which are still intact due to lagging development are drawing much attention. Growing interests and efforts to develop traditional cultural items like Jeonju's traditional paper, Naju's natural dyeing or Damyang's bamboo are good examples. This study is to focus on Damyang's bamboo relying on scientific approach and develop educational contents which demonstrate connections between science and culture. Thus, the study presents region-oriented educational contents based on regional cultures, which will bring about pride and affection toward regions and cultures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.510-513
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• 2006

Mobile Ad-hoc networks have recently attracted a lot of attention in the research community as well as in industry. Although the previous research mainly focused on various of Ad-hoc in routing we consider, in this paper, how to efficiently support applications such as variable Geocasting basd on Ad-hoc networks. The goal of a geocasting protocol is deliver data packets to a group of nodes that are located within a specified geocasting region. Previous research that support geocast service in mobilie computing based on Ad-hoc have the non-optimization problem of data delivery path, overhead by frequent reconstruction of the geocast tree, and service disruption problem. In this paper, we propose the mobility pattern based geocast technique using variable service range according to the mobility of destination node and resource reservation to solve this problem. The experimental results show that our proposed mechanism has improved performance than previous research.