• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.133-150
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• 2021

Purpose: The epidemiologic understanding of allergic diseases, including prevalence and risk factors, is needed for allergy management. This study identified the prevalence of and coping patterns for various types of allergies, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic conjunctivitis (AC), food allergy (FA), and drug allergy (DA), in Nam-gu, Ulsan, one of the most industrialized districts in Korea. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using a self-report multiple choice questionnaire. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and other measures were reviewed to develop the questionnaire. Data was collected from May 9th to November 30th of 2018. Descriptive and frequency analyses were performed to apprehend the prevalence of symptoms, diagnostic rates, diagnosis dates, treatment history, and others. Results: By randomized sampling, 9,102 children from 25 nurseries, 25 kindergartens, and 15 elementary schools participated in the study. The prevalence of asthma, AR, AD, AC, FA, and DA were 11.1%, 48.7%, 15.5%, 17.6%, 15.1%, and 2.0%, respectively. The respective rate of ever being diagnosed with asthma, AR, AD, AC, FA, and DA were 4.2%, 38.4%, 25.5%, 23.3%, 9.7%, and 1.1%, respectively. Last year's allergy related school absenteeism rates were 10.8%, 4.1%, and 1.3% for asthma, AR, and AD, respectively. Lastly, 59.2% of the participants considered air pollution as the most challenging factor in allergy management. Conclusion: This study comprehensively investigated the current state of various allergic diseases in Nam-gu, Ulsan. The study's findings are expected to be applied to strategies for decreasing the socioeconomic burden of allergic diseases.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.376-382
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• 2015

Allergic diseases have rapidly increased in recent years. Mast cells play a critical role in IgE-mediated allergy responses and, therefore, closely associated with rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. We studied anti-allergic effect of Penthorum chinense extract (PCE) in vitro and in vivo. PCE inhibited the degranulation of mast cells by antigen stimulation and its effect was dose-dependent and reversible in mast cells. PCE also suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-4 by antigen in mast cells. Mechanistically, PCE inhibited the activation of Syk/LAT pathway which is a key signaling pathway for the activation of mast cells by antigen. Notably, PCE suppressed IgE-mediated allergic responses by antigen in mice. These results strongly suggest that PCE is a potential candidate for anti-allergic treatment.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.662-669
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• 2017

Rubia cordifolia has been used to treat diseases for many years in China and India. Although the biological properties and major compounds of R. cordifolia have been extensively studied, the underlying mechanisms of its biological effects remain elusive. In terms of immunological effects, anti-inflammation effect of macrophage (Raw 264.7) simply has been reported. In this study, R. cordifolia was extracted in 70% ethanol and the extract did not affect to macrophage (Raw 264.7) pro-inflammation and T cell (Molt-4). However, in mast cell (RBL-2H3), it showed inhibition of degranulation. The inducing inhibitory effect on degranulation was related to concentration dependent variation in phosphorylation of ERK-1/2 and upregulating the JNK phosphorylation in RBL-2H3 cells. Based on these data, we concluded that R. cordifolia newly have anti-allergenic effects in RBL-2H3 and might be used as a therapeutic agent to treat or prevent allergic diseases such as asthma and atopic dermatitis.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.435-437
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• 2012

House dust mite (HDM) is important in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases including asthma and atopic dermatitis. Dermatophagoides pteronissinus (Dp) is one of major HDM allergens. In this study, we investigated that Dp extract (DpE) affects on the chemotactic activity of monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood. DpE inhibited the migration of human monocytes in response to CC chemokines such as MIP-$1{\alpha}$, RANTES, HCC-4, MCP-1, and TARC. DpE did not alter the expression of CC chemokine receptors (CCRs) such as CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, and CCR5. These results indicate that DpE blocks the chemotaxis of human monocytes and its mechanism is not involved in alteration of CCR expression. Better understanding of the effect of DpE on monocytes will enable elucidation of the role of Dp in the development of allergic diseases.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.234-240
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• 2014

C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) is a chemokine receptor with seven transmembrane helices and it belongs to the GPCR family. It plays an important role in asthma, lung disease, atopic dermatitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, the mosquito-borne tropical diseases, such as dengue fever and allergic rhinitis. Because of its role in wide spectrum of disease processes, CCR4 is considered to be an important drug target. Three dimensional structure of the protein is essential to determine the functions. In the present study homology modeling of human CCR4 was performed based on crystal structure of CCR5 chemokine receptor. The generated models were validated using various parameters. Among the generated homology models the best one is selected based on validation result. The model can be used for performing further docking studies to identifying the critical interacting residues.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 1999

We studied 32 patents, who had visited Kyung Hee downtown oriental hospital with nasal obstruction. They has been observed their nasal cavity through anterior rhinoscopy. We had paten't middle and inferior turbinte bleeding by acupuncture. This symptom had been disappeared after this treatment. The result were as follows. 1. Sex and age distribution: The males were 18($56.2\%) and Female were 14($43.8\%$). The most common occurrence was found between 1-5 years old. 2. The most common duration of disease was between 2-6 months. 3. In decreasing order, the common complication & past history of otolaryngologic or allergic disease were allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, chronic sinusitis, adenoid or tonsil hypertrophy, otitis media with effusion and asthma. 4. In descending order, distribution of symptoms were rhinorrhea, sneezing, dry sensation, sputum, frontal headach, postnasal drip and cough. 5. The improvement rate in symptom were $31.3\%\;excellent\;and\;53.1\%$ good.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2021

All living beings on earth have an important mechanism of 24-h periodicity, which controls their physiology, metabolism, and behavior. In humans, 24-h periodicity is regulated by the superchiasmatic nucleus (SCN) through external and environmental cues. Peripheral organs demonstrate circadian rhythms and circadian clock functions, and these are also observed in cultured cell lines. Every cell contains a CLOCK: BMAL1 loop for the generation of circadian rhythms. In this review, we focused on cell autonomous circadian rhythms in immune cells, the inflammatory diseases caused by disruption of circadian rhythms in hormones, and the role of clock genes in inflammatory diseases.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.201-210
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• 2016

Allergic inflammation requires the orchestration of altered gene expression in the target tissue and in the infiltrating immune cells. The transcription factor STAT6 is critical in activating cytokine gene expression and cytokine signaling both in the immune cells and in target tissue cells including airway epithelia, keratinocytes and esophageal epithelial cells. STAT6 is activated by the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 to mediate the pathogenesis of allergic disorders such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). In this review, we summarize the role of STAT6 in allergic diseases, its interaction with the co-factor PARP14 and the molecular mechanisms by which STAT6 and PARP14 regulate gene transcription.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors related to allergic diseases based on the health behavior of the youth in multicultural families according to the data from Tenth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey 2014 (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention). The subjects from 712 multicultural adolescents were analyzed by the SPSS program. For the characteristics of health behavior of the multicultural youth, 267 students (37.5%) have experienced drinking alcohol, 164 students (23.0%) have experienced smoking, and 35 students (4.9%) have experienced taking drugs. Also, 198 students (27.8%) were depressed, 259 students (36.3%) are suffering from stress, and 286 students (40.2%) failed to fully relieve fatigue. In addition, 497 students (69.8%) consider themselves as healthy, 449 students (63.1%) consider themselves as happy, and 251 students (35.3%) consider themselves as overweight. Among the allergic disease of the multicultural youth, 46 middle school students (6.5%) and 35 high school students (4.9%) have asthma, 95 middle school students (13.3%) and 87 high school students (12.2%) have allergic rhinitis, and 67 middle school students (9.4%) and 53 high school students (7.4%) have atopic dermatitis. 47 male students (6.6%) and 34 female students (4.8%) have asthma, 81 male students (11.4%) and 101 female students (14.1%) have allergic rhinitis, and 53 male students (7.4%) and 67 female students (9.4%) have atopic dermatitis. Among the multicultural youth, 81 students (11.4%) have asthma, 182 students (25.5%) have allergic rhinitis, and 120 students (16.8%) have atopic dermatitis. For the allergic diseases from the health behavior of the multicultural youth, depression (p<0.001), alcohol experience (p<0.05), drug experience (p<0.05), health recognition (p<0.05), happiness recognition (p<0.05), and body type recognition (p<0.05) had a statistically significant relationship with asthma. Fatigue recovery recognition (p<0.001), health recognition (p<0.001) and stress recognition (p<0.05) had a statistically significant relationship with allergic rhinitis. Body type recognition (p<0.01), depression (p<0.05), fatigue recovery recognition (p<0.05), health recognition (p<0.05), and happiness recognition (p<0.05) had a statistically significant relationship with atopic dermatitis. Such results show that schools and society need to educate the multicultural youth about health, happiness, and body type recognition which are big factors of allergic diseases. Schools and society also need to be more systematic and continuous in order to help multicultural youth to be have correct recognition of depression, stress and fatigue recovery.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.337-344
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• 2007

We have investigated the relationship between food allergen sensitization and allergic disease in 74 child (male 47, female 27) patients from 0 to 14 years of age diagnosed with allergic disease. The age distribution for the study was: newborn to 3 years old, 34 children; 4 to 6 years old, 24 children; 7 to 9 years old, 8 children and above 10 years old, 8 children. Of the 74 children, 10 children were allergic to 3 of the 21 types of foods tested, 21 children were allergic to 4 types and 15 children were allergic to 5 types. The results of specific IgE tests for class 2 (0.070-3.49 IV/mL, IgE density in serum) showed that 29 children were allergic to milk, 28 children to bean, 21 children to cheese, 7 children to egg, and 18 children to pork, while over class 2, 20 children were allergic to bean, 17 children to milk, 24 children to cheese, 20 children to egg, and 21 children to pork. A questionnaire was used to survey family allergy history and diet patterns for 40 child (male 22, female 18) patients with allergic disease. The frequencies of a family history of allergy were 45.5% for males and 50.0% for females. The allergic diseases included atopic dermatitis: 26.0%, atopic nasitis: 10.5%, atopic dermatitis + atopic nasitis : 31.5%, hives: 21.0%, and asthma: 10.5%. Children on diets of mixed breast feeding and infant formula were more allergic than those on either breast feeding or infant formula feeding. Eliminated allergenic foods were egg + milk: 12.5%, egg: 10.0%, and milk 2.5%.