• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.28-39
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• 1999

목적: 내측성 외측성 측두엽 간질에서 F-18-FDG PET으로 각각 측두엽 내외측의 대사가 감소된 정도를 비교하였다. 대상 및 방법: 수술 후 관찰 결과와 병리 소견으로 확진한 내측성 측두엽 환자 19명과 구조병변이 없거나(14명) 있는(11명) 25명의 외측성측두엽 간질환자에서 F-18-FDG PET에 나타난 양쪽 측두엽 내측부와 외측부의 비대칭계수를 측정하여 비교하였다. 결과: 내측성 측두엽 간질 환자는 내측 측두엽과 외측 측두엽의 비대칭계수가 모두 높았다. 외측성 측두엽 간질은 구조병변이 있는 경우 외측 측두엽의 대사 감소가 심하지만 내측은 비대칭계수가 정상(7/11)이거나 감소(4/11)하였다. 구조병변이 없는 경우 내측 외측 모두 전체(14)의 반 수(내측 43%, 뇌측 56%)에서만 대사가 감소하여 비대칭계수가 정상범위를 벗어났다. 내측성 측두엽 간질과 병변 없는 외측성 측두엽 간질은 외측 측두엽의 패사가 감소했다는 점에서 차이를 찾을 수 없었다. 내측 측두엽의 대사가 정상범위일 때 외측성 측두엽간질일 가능성이 컸다. 결론: 준정량적 지표로 비대칭계수를 구하여 얻은 위의 결과가 F-18-FDG PET에서 산출한 내측 측두엽의 비대칭계수로 내측성 측두엽 간질인지 외측성 측두엽 간질인지 감별할 수 있을 것임을 시사하였다.

• 감성과학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2019

이 연구는 노년기 인지기능 및 생리적 건강상태와 관련 있는 정량화 뇌파의 Alpha 고유리듬 피크 위치 및 진폭의 출현 유무가 정신적·육체적 스트레스, 주의집중 등의 뇌파 지표들과 심박변이도 지표 간에 어떠한 관련성과 임상적 의미가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 평균 73세 남녀 노인 76명을 대상으로 전두엽 2채널 뇌파와 1채널 심전도를 동시에 측정 가능한 장치를 이용하여 폐안시 EEG, HRV를 측정하였다. 의미있는 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, Alpha 고유리듬피크 위치와 상관없이 고유리듬 진폭이 높게 잘 나타난 집단은 낮은 집단에 비해 정신적 스트레스에 대한 저항도는 높고, 육체적 스트레스는 낮게 나타나는 상관성을 보였다. 두 번째, 심박변이도의 HRV index, SDNN, RMSSD 지표는 집단 구분에 상관없이 공통적으로 서로 간 높은 양의 상관성을 보였다. 세 번째, Alpha 고유리듬 진폭이 잘 나타나지 않은 집단에서 좌·우뇌 Alpha 비대칭이 커질수록 육체적 스트레스를 반영하는 Delta/Alpha 비율과 주의집중 저하를 반영하는 Theta/SMR 비율도 커지는 상관성을 보였다. 네 번째, Alpha 고유리듬피크가 느린 리듬쪽에 위치한 집단은 빠른 리듬 쪽에 위치한 집단에 비해 Theta/SMR 비율이 높게 나타나 주의집중도 저하와 관련이 있음을 의미하였다. 따라서 정량화 뇌파의 Alpha 고유리듬 피크 위치 및 진폭의 출현 유무는 노년기 인지기능 및 생리적 건강상태를 반영하는 지표로 활용 가능성이 있음을 시사하였다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2020

Purpose: This paper investigated the relationship between market competition and firm valuation error. Furthermore, Additional analyses were made according to the quality of financial reports and the listed market. Through the process we confirm to the impact of competition on the capital market. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of competition on valuation errors. The preceding studies did not provide a consistent results of the effects of competing functions on the capital market. One view is that the competition could mitigate the information asymmetry, and the other is that monopolistic lessens the manager's involvement in financial reporting. This study is intended to expand the prior study by analyzing the impact of competition on the capital market and on the valuation of investors. Research design, data, and methodology: The analysis was conducted on 12,031 samples over 11 years from 2008 to 2018 using data from market in Korea. Here the valuation error was measured by the research methodology of Rhodes-Kropf, Robinson and Viswanathan (2005), and competition measured by Herfindahl-Hirschman Index multiplied by (-1), and Concentration Ratio by (-1). Results: We confirm that the positive relationship between competition and the valuation error. In addition, we also found that the positive relation between competition and valuation error was in cases of low discretionary accruals and the KOSDAQ market. This means that the net function of competition does not mitigate valuation errors. Conclusions. This study has the following contributions when compared to prior research. First, the relevance between the level of competition and the valuation of the entity was confirmed. The study by Haw, Hu and Lee (2015) suggested that monopolistic industry of analysts' forecast is more accurate due to lower the variability in earnings. This study magnified it to confirm that monopolistic lessen information uncertainty in valuation. Second, the study on valuation errors was expanded. While the study on the effect of valuation errors on the capital market is generally relatively active, it is different that competition degree has analyzed the effect on valuation errors amid the lack of research on the effect on valuation errors.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2012

Objectives : To evaluate the clinical utility of Muscle Energy Techniques(MET) in Elector Spinae Muscle on subjects. Methods : We compared electrical activity between a before MET and a after MET in Elector Spinae Muscle on subjects in same group(n=26) in dynamic flexion-reextension state during five seconds. We analyzed amplitudes and areas of electrical activity and Asymmetry Index(AI) and Median Edge Frequency(MEF). Results : 1. After MET in Elector Spinae Muscle on subjects were lower electrical activity than before MET in Elector Spinae Muscle on subjects but it is not a pointless observation(p<0.05). 2. AI of the after MET in Elector Spinae Muscle on subjects significantly decreased compared with before MET in Elector Spinae Muscle on subjects(p<0.05). 3. MEF of the after MET in Elector Spinae Muscle on subjects decreased compared with before MET in Elector Spinae Muscle on subjects but it is not a pointless observation(p<0.05). Conclusions : According to above results, there is clinical effect MET on subjects.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.29-43
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• 2012

주식, 환율 등과 같은 금융자료의 수익률의 분포는 정규분포에 비해 꼬리가 두껍고, 좌우 비대칭성을 보인다. 조건부수익률이 정규분포를 따른다고 가정한 GARCH 모형을 이용하여 VaR을 추정하였을 때, 이러한 비정규성 때문에 적절한 추정이 이루어지지 않고, VaR을 초과하는 손실의 발생과정에 군집(clustering)현상이 발생하는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해, 본 논문에서는 조건부수익률의 분포로 unbounded Johnson 분포를 이용한 GARCH 모형을 이용하여 VaR을 추정한다. 또한, 조건부수익률이 각각 정규분포, Student-t 분포를 따르는 GARCH 모형의 경우와 비교하였다. 초과손실 발생과정 자료를 이용하여 실패율검정과 군집성검정을 통해 조건부수익률 분포로 unbounded-Johnson 분포를 사용하는 방법의 타당성을 살펴보았다. Unbounded Johnson 분포가 조건부수익률 분포로 주어지는 GARCH 모형의 경우는 과소, 과대추정을 하지 않고, 군집현상 또한 발생하지 않아 적절한 추정을 하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2013

Objectives : To evaluate the clinical utility of MET in elector spinae muscle on low back pain patients. Methods : We compared electrical activity between a before MET and a after MET in elector spinae muscle on low back pain patients in same group(n=30) in dynamic flexion-reextension state during five seconds. We analyzed amplitudes and areas of electrical activity and asymmetry index(AI). Results : 1. After MET in elector spinae muscle on low back pain patients were significantly decreased in Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) than before MET in elector spinae muscle on low back pain patients(p<0.05). 2. After MET in elector spinae muscle on low back pain patients were lower electrical activity than before MET in elector spinae muscle on low back pain patients but it is not a pointless observation(p<0.05). 3. AI of the after MET in elector spinae muscle on low back pain patients significantly decreased compared with before MET in elector spinae muscle on low back pain patients(p<0.05). Conclusions : According to above results, there is clinical effect MET on low back pain patients.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2012

The current study observes the durational interaction of tautosyllabic consonants and vowels in the word-initial position of English and Korean child-directed speech (CDS). The effect of phonological laryngeal contrasts in stops on the following vowel duration, and the effect of the intrinsic vowel duration on the release duration of preceding stops in addition to the acoustic realization of the contrastive segments are explored in different prosodic contexts - phrase-initial/medial, focal accented/non-focused - in a marked speech style of CDS. A trade-off relationship between Voice Onset Time (VOT), as consonant release duration, and voicing phonation time, as vowel duration, reported from adult-to-adult speech, and patterns of durational variability are investigated in CDS of two languages with different linguistic rhythms, under systematically controlled prosodic contexts. Speech data were collected from four native English mothers and four native Korean mothers who were talking to their one-word staged infants. In addition to the acoustic measurements, the transformed delta measure is employed as a variability index of individual tokens. Results confirm the durational correlation between prevocalic consonants and following vowels. The interaction is revealed in a compensatory pattern such as longer VOTs followed by shorter vowel durations in both languages. An asymmetry is found in CV interaction in that the effect of consonant on vowel duration is greater than the VOT differences induced by the vowel. Prosodic effects are found such that the acoustic difference is enhanced between the contrastive segments under focal accent, supporting the paradigmatic strengthening effect. Positional variation, however, does not show any systematic effects on the variations of the measured acoustic quantities. Overall vowel duration and syllable duration are longer in English tokens but involve less variability across the prosodic variations. The constancy of syllable duration, therefore, is not found to be more strongly sustained in Korean CDS. The stylistic variation is discussed in relation to the listener under linguistic development in CDS.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate how COP displacement of a hemiplegic foot in stance phase during gait is related to clinical balance measures and the recovery stage in hemiplegic stroke patients. Twenty-eight functionally ambulant hemiplegic patients who had suffered from strokes and thirty age-matched healthy subjects participated in this study. COP parameters were calculated. Clinical balance was measured using the Functional Reach Test (FRT) and Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT). The recovery stage, proprioception, and clonus of the ankles or lower extremities were also measured for physical impairment status. The COPx max-displacement in the medial-lateral side of the stroke patients was significantly longer than that of the normal group (p=.038). The COPy max-displacement in the anterior-posterior side of the stroke patients was significantly shorter than that of normal group (p<.001). Significant differences in the COPx and COPy displacement asymmetry index were found between the two groups (p<.01). The FRT was correlated with the COPx displacement (r=.552) and COPy displacement (r=.765). The TUGT was correlated with the COPy displacement (r=-.588) only. The recovery stage of the lower extremities was correlated with COPy displacement (r=.438). The results of the study indicate that the characteristic of COP displacement in hemiplegic feet in stance phase during gait is related to balance ability and recovery in stroke patients. COP parameters acquired by the mapping of foot pressure in stance phase during gait will provide additional useful clinical information. This information can be used by clinicians to assess objectively the pathologic gait with other diseases and to evaluate the therapeutic effects on gait in stroke patients.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of craniocervical posture on craniomandibular disorders with chronic headache. The author measured craniocervical posture on frontal and sagittal plane with photographs for 26 headache patients, 23 TMD patients, and 27 nonpatients. Range of cervical spine motion was also measured. The bilateral electromyograms of masseter and anterior temporalis muscles were recorded at rest and during maximum clenching. The results were as follows : On the lateral view photos, eye-tragus-C7 line angle was larger and the tragus-C7-horizontal line angle was smaller in the patient groups than in the nonpatient group (p<0.05). On the frontal view photos, mouth corner line angle was larger in the headache patient group than in the nonpatient group and TMD patient group (p<0.05) Interclavicular angle was smaller in the headache patient group and TMD patient grop than in the nonpatient (p<0.01) The right and left differences of SAIC-plane distance and finger tip-plane distance were significantly larger in headache patient group than TMD patient group and nonpatient group (p<0.01, p<0.001). Cervical motion range was smaller in the TMD patient group and headache patient group than in the nonpatient group (p<-.001, p<0.05, p<0.05). The resting EMG activities of right masseter muscle were higher in the headache patient group than in the nonpatient group (p<0.05). However, the EMG activities of masseter and anterior temporalis muscles during maximal clenching were lower in the patient group than in the nonpatient grop (p<0.01). The asymmetry index of resting EMG of masseter muscles was higher in the headache patient group than nonpatient group (p<0.05).

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of isometric exercise on muscle activity and body balance ability in asymmetrical walkers. Research design, data, and methodology: Twenty gait asymmetry people were divided to unilateral exercise group (UG, n=10) and bilateral exercise group (BG, n=10). UG were performed unilateral exercise for 60 minutes, three times a week, and 16 weeks, and BG were performed one side and then the other side alternately for 60 minutes, three times a week, and 16 weeks. Muscle activity and body balance ability were measured before, after 4 and 16 weeks isometric exercise. Moreover, SI (symmetry index; SI) was calculated from the measured value of SL (step length). Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, a paired t-test, and multiple comparisons according to Scheffe. Results: In the muscle activity, ST decreased significantly in short step length(S-SL) and BG of LS compared to before isometric exercise(p<.05), and GCM decreased significantly in BG of S-SL(p<.05). As for body balance ability, the mSEBT-A difference between L-SL and S-SL was decreased significantly in UG(p<.05). And the respective total scores of L-SL and S-SL, mSEBT-PM and mSEBT-PL were increased significantly in BG(p<.05). Conclusions: As a result, in this study above, it was confirmed that isometric exercise improved muscle activity and body balance ability in asymmetrical walkers.