• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.175-186
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• 1998

The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of Astragali Radix(AR) and Armeniacae Semen(AS) on T-lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages in mice. The proliferation of thymocytes and splenocytes were teated using macroplate-reader. The apoptosis and sub-population of T-lymphocytes were tested using a flow cytometer. Nitric oxide production was tested using a Griess reagents. The result were obtained as follow; 1. AR increased the proliferation of thymocytes and splenocytes. 2. AS decreased the proliferation of thymocytes and splenocytes. 3. AR and AS decreased No production fron peritoneal macrophages 4. AR and AS were accelerate T-lymphocytes apoptosis. 5. AR and AS increased $T_C$ cells population, but decreased $T_H$ cells population of T-lymphocyte.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1258-1266
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• 2005

The present study was carried out in order to assess the protective effects of calycosin-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, isolated from Astragali radix (AR), on hyaluronidase (HAase) and the recombinant human interleukin-$1\beta$ (IL-$1\beta$)-induced matrix degradation in human articular cartilage and chondrocytes. We isolated the active component from the n-butanol soluble fraction of AR (ARBu) as the HAase inhibitor and structurally identified as calycosin-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside by LC-MS, IR, ${1}^H$ NMR, and ${13}^C$ NMR analyses. The $IC_{50}$ of this component on HAase was found to be 3.7 mg/ml by in vitro agarose plate assay. The protective effect of ARBu on the matrix gene expression of immortalized chondrocyte cell line C28/I2 treated with HAase was investigated using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and its effect on HAase and IL-$1\beta$-induced matrix degradation in human articular cartilage was determined by a staining method and calculating the amount of degraded glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from the cultured media. Pretreatment with calycosin-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside effectively protected human chondrocytes and articular cartilage from matrix degradation. Therefore, calycosin-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside from AR appears to be a potential natural ant-inflammatory or antii-osteoarthritis agent and can be effectively used to protect from proteoglycan (PG) degradation.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the effect of KOB, a polyherbal medicine for allergic rhinitis and its main herb, Astragali Radix on allergic responses in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced Allergic rhinitis(AR) mice. Methods : Sprague Dawley (SD)-rats were orally administrated with KOB (500 mg/kg), Astragali Radix water extract (ARW, 100 mg/kg) or anti-histamine drug, dosodium cromoglycate (50 mg/kg) as a reference drug, and then intraperitoneally injected with compound 48/80 (8 mg/kg). Rats were measured the mortality and serum levels of histamine. BALB/c mice were orally administrated with KOB (500 mg/kg), ARW (100 mg/kg) or anti-histamine drug, Ketotifen (10 mg/kg) as a reference drug, followed by sensitization and challenge of OVA. Mice were measured the serum levels of histamine and IgE, and observed histopathological changes of nasa mucosa H&E staining. Results : KOB and ARW significantly decreased the mortality and the serum levels of histamine in compound 48/80-induced anaphylatic rats. KOB and ARW also decreased the serum levels of histamine and IgE in OVA-induced AR mice, and inhibited histopathological changes of nasal mucosa with inflammation and the eosinophils infilteration. Conclusions : These data suggest that KOB has a strong anti-allergic effect through the inhibitory property of Astragali Radix, the main component of KOB against allergic responses in allergic rhinitis.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2011

Objective : Astragali Radix (AR) and Cinnamomi Cortex (CC) are used to enhance immune response in Asian traditional medicine. Immuno-potentiation of the combination of AR and CC were evaluated on the cellular and humoral immune response using murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and OVA-immunized mice. Methods : This study was designed to investigate the immuno-potentiative effects of AR, CC, and AR with CC on nitric oxide synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells and proliferation and production levels of Intereukin-2 (IL-2) in mouse splenocytes. In addition, we evaluated the plasma-specific antibody responses and splenocyte proliferation on ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice treated with herbal extracts. Results : Combination treatment with AR and CC increased nitric oxide synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells and IL-2 level in splenocytes (p<0.001). Combination of AR and CC significantly enhanced the Concanavalin A- (Con A ; T cell mitogen) and lipopolysaccharide-(LPS ; B cell mitogen) induced splenocyte proliferation on the OVA-immunized mice. Combination of AR and CC also significantly enhanced plasma levels of OVA-specific IgG (p<0.01), IgG1 (p<0.05) and total IgM (p<0.01) compared with the OVA-immunized control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that combination of AR and CC could be used as therapeutic profile on activation of immune response.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.25-55
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of the present study was to observe the effect of Astragali Radix Herbal-Acupuncture Solution(AR-HAS) at $ST_{36}$(jok-samni, $Z\acute{u}s\bar{a}n$ Li) on collagen- II -induced arthritis(CIA) in mice. Methods : DBA/1J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen(CII) on days 0 and 21 to induce arthritis. The mice were divided into 5 groups : normal group(no CIA), control group(CIA+no treatment), needle prick group(CIA+single prick with an injection needle), saline group(CIA+saline injection) and ARHA group(CIA+ R-HA treatment). The needle prick, saline injection, and AR-HA groups were injected on the right $ST_{36}$(jok-samni) of mice for 9 weeks, 3 times a week, beginning 4 weeks after the booster immunization. Results : 1. The incidence of arthritis, AI(arthritis index), and joint edema decreased in the AR-HA group. 2. Weight gain, hypertrophy of the spleen, adhesion of the tissues, and transformation of the joint were restrained in the AR-HA group. 3. The concentrations of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$ in CIA mouse serum and $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-10 in the CIA mouse spleen cell culture decreased significantly at $ST_{36}$ in the AR-HA group. 4. Total cell counts increased significantly, and the ratio of $CD3e^+$ to $CD45R^+$, $CD4^+$ to $CD8^+$, and $CD4^+$ to $CD25^+$ cells decreased significantly at $ST_{36}$ in the CIA mouse spleen cell culture of the AR-HA group. 5. Total cell counts decreased significantly, and $CD4^+/CD25^+$ and $CD45R^+/CD69^+$ decreased significantly at $ST_{36}$ in the CIA mouse lymph nodes of the AR-HA group. 6. $CD3e^+/CD69^+$ and $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells decreased significantly at $ST_{36}$ in the CIA mouse joints of the AR-HA group. 7. The histological examination showed that cartilage destruction and synoviocyte proliferation decreased in the CIA mouse joints of the AR-HA group, and collagen fiber was expressed similar to that seen in the normal group. Conclusions : Our experiments show that at $ST_{36}$, an anti-inflammatory mechanism of AR-HA controls synovial cell proliferation and protects against cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.66-78
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• 2010

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the possibility of AR for chronic renal injury. Methods : The author first investigated the expression levels of DNA by inducing of chronic renal injury. Then, the author investigated the effects of AR on chronic renal injury induced by combination treatment with Adriamycin and cisplatin in terms of changes in body weights and renal tissues, urine volume, BUN and creatinine levels, creatinine clearance and histopathological changes in renal tissues. Total expression levels of 546 genes were elevated or lowered by induction of chronic renal injury. Genes of which whose expression levels were elevated by induction of chronic renal injury were related to the PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid mechanism, etc. Genes of which expression levels were lowered by induction of chronic renal injury were related to the neuroactive ligand-receptor signaling pathway. Results : Oral administration of AR restored renal mass which was reduced by induction of chronic renal injury. AR also restored creatinine clearance and lowered serum BUN level. In histopathological observation, the AR group has a tendency to prevent tissue damages as shown in the chronic renal injury group. Conclusions : AR can be used to treat patients with chronic renal injury although further study will be needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms in the efficacy of AR on chronic renal injury.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.707-713
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• 2002

Astragali radix (AR) is one of the oldest and mast frequently used crude drug for traditional medicine in many Asian countries. This study designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of the aqueous extracted AR (ARE) against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatic damage in ICR mice. APAP at the dose of 450 mg/kg i.p produced liver damage in ICR mice. Serum enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenese was dramatically decreased up to control level by pretreatment of ARE. However, hepatic glutathione level did not show a significant change between the tested groups. We also investigated TNF α mRNA gene expression on APAP-induced liver damage by RT-PCR. APAP dramatically induced TNF α mRNA gene expression in ICR mice. Pretreatment of mice with ARE led to a marked decrease of TNF α mRNA gene expression. These data indicate that 1) ARE has clearly revealed a hepatoprotective effect against APAP-induced hepatic damage in ICR mice, and 2) the protective effect of ARE may be, in part, associated with the regulation of TNF α mRNA gene expression.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.263-267
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• 2005

In order to isolate hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibitor from Astragali radix (AR), dried roots were extracted with ethanol, prior to sequential fractionations with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions. The n-butanol soluble fraction was found to exhibit the most pronounced inhibitory effect (68%) on HAase, and the active components were separated using various chromatographic methods, including column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The active component was isolated from the n-butanol soluble fraction of AR and was structurally identified as calycosin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside by LC-MS, IR, $^1H$ NMR, and $^{13}C$ NMR analysis. The $IC_{50}$ of calycosin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside's HAase activity was found to be 3.7 mg/mL.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2005

방사선 조사 황기(Astragall Radix)에 대한 기능성 및 화학적 성분에 대한 안정성을 평가하였다. 기능성 평가시험으로서 방사선 조사 황기의 ethanol추출물 및 ethyl acetate분획물에 대한 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 4∼28%및 13∼50%를 각각 보였으며 비조사 황기는 4∼29% 및 17∼57%로서 거의 동등한 라디칼 소거활성을 보였다(p>0.07).지질과 산화 억제시험에서 방사선 조사 황기의 ethanol추출물 및 ethyl acetate 분회 물은 각각 17∼54% 및 50∼84%의 억제활성을 보였고 비조사 황기는 각각 16∼58% 및 52∼86%를 나타냄으로써 지질과산화 억제활성도 방사선 조사에 거의 영향을 받지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다(p>0.05). Comet assay를 이용한 DNA 방어효과 시험에서 방사선 조사 황기의 ethanol 추출물 및 ethyl acetate 분획물은 24∼55% 및 49∼58%였고 비조사 황기는 각각 20∼46% 및 38∼54%로써 거의 동등한 DNA의 산화적 경감효과를 보였다(p>0.05).화학적 성분에 대한 안정성 평가시험인 HPLC분석시험에서 방사선 조사 황기의 ethyl acetate 분획물은 비조사 황기의 ethyl acetate 분획물과 거의 대등한 peak 양상을 나타냄으로써 화학적 성분의 안정성이 유지되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 방사선 조사 황기에 대한 본 연구의 결과와 이전의 유전독성학적 안전성 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 부가적인 실험이 동반된다면 실제적으로 위생화를 위한 방사선 조사 품목의 하나로서 그 적용 가능성이 시사되었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2012

황기뿌리 분쇄물을 전분질 원료대비 0.5~2.0% 첨가한 발효주를 제조하여 이화학적 특성, DPPH free radical 소거능, 폴리페놀 함량, 기호도평가를 실시하였다. 술덧 발효 초기의 pH는 3.9~4.1 였으며, 모든 처리구에서 발효 시작 6일차까지 낮아지는 경향을 보이다가 발효 종료 시점에서 4.67 까지 상승하였다. 총산의 경우 모든 처리구에서 발효가 진행됨에 따라 증가한 후 2차담금시 전분질 원료와 물의 첨가로 감소하였다가 다시 소폭 상승하는 양상을 보였다. 술덧 발효 중 황기 첨가량 및 첨가시기에 따른 pH 변화와 총산함량의 차이는 미미하였다. 아미노산도는 황기 첨가량이 증가할수록 소폭 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 모든 처리구에서 발효가 진행됨에 따라 지속적으로 상승하는 양상을 보였다. 가용성 고형분과 알코올 함량은 지속적으로 증가하였으며, 황기 첨가에 따른 처리구간의 차이는 미미하였다. 색도에 있어서, L값은 첨가량과 첨가 시기에 따라 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, a값과 b값은 유의적인 차이를 보였다. DPPH free radical 소거능에 있어서 황기가 첨가되지 않은 대조구는 53.6%의 활성을 보였으며, 황기 첨가시 0.52~6.9%의 향상효과가 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 폴리페놀류는 대조구에서 1.05 mg/mL 함량을 보였으며, 미미하지만 황기 첨가시 폴리페놀함량이 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 관능평가에서는 황기 무첨가구에서 비교적 높은 평가점수를 받았으며($5.0{\pm}1.0$), 0.5% B 처리구 또한 좋은 반응을 얻었다($4.5{\pm}1.3$).