• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.453-462
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to investigate the education, certification system, and extent of duty of dental hygienist between Korea and five developed countries including United States, Canada, England, Australia, and Japan. Methods : Internet based access to five developed countries was made and the analysis was done for the definition of occupation, main duties, similar occupations, education policy, job descriptions, license certification system, standards of duty, Q & A management, current status of obtaining certification, and scope of work. Results : United States has a two-year associate degree(AS) and a four-year bachelor degree(BS). Canada has two to three years degree and a two-year course is accepted in england and Australia. In the meanwhile, Korea and Japan have two-year and four-year educational courses. The duty of dental hygienists includes the prevention education for dental health and continuing dental health care. Most of the dental hygienists in Korea and Japan play the assistant roles for the dental surgeons. United States has national board examinations including written examinations, practical examinations, and computer assisted examination. Written and practical examinations are also conducted in Korea. England and Australia have the recognized educational organizations for qualification. Conclusions : Problem based and problem solving skills are the most important in dental hygienist education in Korea. The training of highly competent dental hygienists must be done for the improvement of dental hygiene in Korea in the near future.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2012

Peroxiredoxin II (Prdx II; a typical 2-Cys Prdx) has been originally isolated from erythrocytes, and its structure and peroxidase activity have been adequately studied. Prdx II has been reported to protect a wide range of cellular environments as antioxidant enzyme, and its dysfunctions may be implicated in a variety of disease states associated with oxidative stress, including cancer and aging-associated pathologies. But, the precise mechanism is still obscure in various aspects of aging containing ovarian aging. Identification and relative quantification of the increased proteins affected by Prdx II deficiency may help identify novel signaling mechanisms that are important for oxidative stress-related diseases. To identify the increased proteins in Prdx $II^{-/-}$ mice, we performed RBC comparative proteome analysis in membrane fraction and cytosolic fractions by nano-UPLC-$MS^E$ shotgun proteomics. We found the increased 86 proteins in membrane (32 proteins) and cytosolic (54 proteins) fractions, and analyzed comparative expression pattern in healthy RBCs of Prdx $II^{+/+}$ mice, healthy RBCs of Prdx $II^{-/-}$ mice, and abnormal RBCs of Prdx $II^{-/-}$ mice. These proteins belonged to cellular functions related with RBC lifespan maintain, such as cellular morphology and assembly, cell-cell interaction, metabolism, and stress-induced signaling. Moreover, protein networks among the increased proteins were analyzed to associate with various diseases. Taken together, RBC proteome may provide clues to understand the clue about redox-imbalanced diseases.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.141-159
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• 2011

The purpose of the present research is to suggest implications on guidance of height concept understanding of figures by investigating concept understanding how sixth grade's elementary school students understand a height concept of figures. In order to achieve this research purpose, a height concept understanding test of figures was carried out with the target of 54 sixth grade students who already learned a height concept of plane figures and three-dimensional solid figures and thus this research analyzed characteristics and errors appeared there. When analyzing its characteristics and errors interviews with students were carried out for in-depth analysis. And as a result the following implications could be obtained. First, students felt more difficulty in measuring height in a figure that its lower base is not horizontal in questions measuring height of a plane figure. Second, there were cases that students associate a height concept of figures with experience of height experienced in daily life. Third, students were feeling difficulty in linguistically expressing a concept called height that oneself has. Expressing a concept linguistically plays an important role in understanding a concept clearly. Accordingly activities for raising this mathematical communication ability are required, Fourth, the present research can suggest implications in designing classes that students can clearly understand the height concept of figures.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2001

The equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) subunits $\alpha$ and ${\beta}$ are transcribed from different genes and associate noncovalently to form the bioactive eCG heterodimer. Dimerization is rate limiting for eCG secretion, and dissociation leads to hormone inactivation. The correct conformation of the heterodimer is alto important for efficient secretion, hormone-specific post-translational modifications, receptor binding and signal transduction. To determine whether ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ subunits can be synthesized as a single polypeptide chain (tethered-eCG) and also display biological activity, the tethered-eCG molecule by fusing the carboxyl terminus of the eCG ${\beta}$-subunit to the amino terminus of the af-subunit was construe-ted and transfected into chinese hamster ovary (CHO-Kl) cells. LH- and FSH-like activities were assayed in terms of testosterone production and aromatase activity in primary cultured rat Leydig cells and granulosa cells, respectively. The tethered-eCG was efficiently secreted and showed similar LH-like activity to the dimeric eCG ${\alpha}$/${\beta}$ and native eCG. FSH-like activity of the tethered-eCG was also shown similarly in comparison with the native and wild type eCG ${\alpha}$/${\beta}$. Our data for the first time suggest that the tethered-eCG can be expressed efficiently and the produced product by the CHO-K1 cells is fully LH- and FSH-like activities in rat in vitro bioassay system. Our results also suggest that this molecular can imply particular models of FSH-like activity not LH-like activity in the eCG. Taken together, these data indicate that the constructs of tethered molecule will be useful in the study of mutants that affect subunit association and/or secretion.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 2004

The sprouting of vascular endothelial cells is an initial step in angiogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinases can associate with integrin on the surface of endothelial cells, thereby promoting angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to test if fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) can regulate the sprouting in porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. FGF-2 induced sprouting and secretion of MMP-2 and plasmin. FGF-2 also induced the expression of integrin Mac-1, which is inhibited IS20I. Addition of BB-94, a 2-antiplasmin and IS20I inhibited FGF-2-induced sprouting activity. Therefore, FGF-2-induced sprouting activity in PPAECs may be accomplished by secretion of proteinases such as MMP-2 and plasmin and integrin expression.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 2007

Since 1996, the Health Promotion Programme spearheaded by the Korean Central Government has been actively developing and recently, the Healthy City Project led by the local autonomous entities have also been actively promoted. Healthy City is one in which the health and well-being of the citizens are given the utmost importance in the decision-making of the city. While the Health Promotion Programme focuses on changing the "health behavior" of the people, the Healthy City Project, a policy to improve the existing inequality of public health services, deals with more essential health factors and requires political support as well as a new organization. The Healthy City paradigm based on the New Public Health started in England and ever since the Healthy City Model Project spearheaded by the EURO WHO began in 1986, the Alliance for Healthy Cities centered in the West Pacific region supported by the WHO in Oct 2003 was inaugurated. 19 Korean cities are full members of the Alliance for Healthy Cities and 2 laboratories are associate members. The Ministry of Health and Welfare has held the Healthy City Forum consisting of related officials, experts and representatives of civic bodies on 6 occasions since Dec 2005. The need for adequate administrative and financial support from the Central Government to the local autonomous entities governing the Healthy Cities was raised. It is hoped that this Healthy City Project will bring about the improved health conditions of the people as well as promote the equality of the public health services.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.33-41
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• 2002

Soil nailing type of retaining structures has been widely used in Korea far the purpose of the temporary and permanent support in excavations and slope stability. The important factors in application of soil nailing systems in urban excavation site nearby the existing structures are the displacement of the wall and tensile farce of the nails, etc. In this paper, the fled back analyses are carried out at 11 excavation sites to investigate the behavior of tensile farce of nails at stepwise excavation in the multi-layered strata including various rock layers. The results of the fled back analysis are less than about 50% of the measured ones. The distance of active zone by measurements are shown almost larger than that of fled back analysis when the distance of active Bone is defined from the surface of wall to the potential failure surface. And the results of fled back analysis are within the range proposed by the project CLOUTERRE and Cartier & Gigan (1983) which were 0.3$H_f$, and 0.5$H_f$, of the final excavation depth ($H_f$,) respectively, but the values of the measurement were larger than these values.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.43-50
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• 2002

This paper describes a simplified numerical procedure for analyzing the response of bridge pier foundations due to riverbed scouring. A computationally efficient algorithm to analyze the behavior of a pile group is proposed by considering soil-pile, pile-cap, and pile-fluid interactions. The complex phenomenon of the pile-soil interaction is modeled by discrete nonlinear soil springs (p-y, t-z and q-z curves). The pile-cap interaction is considered by geometric configuration of the piles in a group and connectivity conditions between piles and the cap. The pile-fluid interaction is incorporated into the procedure by reducing the stiffness of the soil-pile reactions as a result of nonlinearity and degradation of the soil stiffness with river bridge scouring. Through the numerical study, it is shown that the maximum bending moment increases with increasing scour depth. Thus it is desirable to check the stability elf pile groups based on soil-pile and pile-cap interactions by considering scouring depth in the riverbed.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.61-72
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• 2002

This paper presents the results of investigation on the behavior of soil-reinforced segmental retaining walls in tiered arrangement using the finite element method of analysis. 2D finite element analyses were performed on tiered walls with two levels of offset distance. Cases with equivalent surcharge as suggested by the NCMA design guideline were additionally analyzed in an attempt to confirm the appropriateness of the equivalent surcharge model adopted by NCMA. Deformation characteristics of a tiered wall with small offset distance suggest a compound mode of failure and support current design approaches requiring a global slope stability analysis for design. Also revealed is that the interaction between the upper and lower walls significantly affects not only the performance of the lower wall but also the upper wall, suggesting that the upper walls should also be designed with due consideration of the interaction.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.407-413
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• 1998

This study reviewed the recent studies for the climate change impact on water resource systems and applied one of the techniques to a real reservoir system - the Skagit hydropower system in U.S.A. The technique assumed that the climate change results in ±5% change in monthly average and/or standard deviation of the observed inflows for the Skagit system. For each case of the altered average and standard deviation, an optimal operating policy was derived using s SDP(Stochastic Dynamic Programming) model and compared with the operating policy for the non-climate change case. The results showed that the oparating policy of the Skagit system is more sensitive to the change in the streamflow average than that in the streamflow standard deviation. The derived operating policies were also simulated using the synthetic streamflow scenarios and their average annual gains were compared as a performance index. To choose the best operating policy among the derived policies, a Bayesian decision strategy was also presented with an example. Keywords : climate change, reservoir operating policy, stochastic dynamic programming, Bayesian decision theory.