• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.39-48
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• 2004

In the 1960s, polluted urban streams were covered and paved in concrete. Rivers became sewers buried under road. As a result, wildlife habitat was lost and the open stream space was gone. In the 1990s, there was a movement for restoring urban streams to enhance the quality of life of inhabitants. Chungkye Stream, whose covering began from early 1950s and ended in 1977, is now in the process of restoration together with the Central Business District (CBD) Redevelopment Plan. However, as the construction proceeds, several problems were raised, and serious controversies resulted. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the validity of the approach of the Chungkye Stream Restoration Project through a literature survey and a site survey, and to present the improved alternative. Ultimately, the study aims to contribute to present references or guidelines for similar urban stream restoration projects. The Chungkye Stream Restoration Project has some of the following problems. First, the construction should be done based on the long-term urban redevelopment plan. Second, the construction period should be extended to restore urban streams. Third, the cultural asset conservation plan should be implemented. In order to fulfill the anticipated purpose, the above mentioned problems need to be solved.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.291-308
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• 2013

Structural health monitoring is crucial to maintain the structural performance safely. Moreover, the Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) is applied usually to asset the similarity between different probability density functions in the pattern recognition. In this study, the KLD is employed to detect the damage. However the asymmetry of the KLD is a shortcoming for the damage detection, to overcoming this shortcoming, two other divergences and one statistic distribution are proposed. Then the damage identification by the KLD and its three descriptions from the symmetric point of view is investigated. In order to improve the reliability and accuracy of the four divergences, the gapped smoothing method (GSM) is adopted. On the basis of the damage index approach, the new damage index (DI) for detect damage more accurately based on the four divergences is developed. In the last, the grey relational coefficient and hypothesis test (GRCHT) is utilized to obtain the more precise damage identification results. Finally, a clear remarkable improvement can be observed. To demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method, examples of an isotropic beam with different damage scenarios are employed so as to check the present approaches numerically. The final results show that the developed approach successfully located the damaged region in all cases effect and accurately.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2013

Open innovation concept is advocating the importance of the customer roles in firm's innovation. As a result, crowdsourcing community is drawing attention as a strategic asset for open innovation across diverse industries. Considering that the goal of crowdsourcing community is harnessing innovative ideas, understanding the characteristics of user-favorable and organization-adoptable ideas can enhance the effectiveness of idea crowdsourcing. In our approach, we extract idea content-based characteristics such as subjectivity, negativity, prosocialneess, and depth of idea to examine what are the factors that affect user preference and organizational adoption. An analysis of 71,134 ideas from MyStarbucksIdea.com shows that there are significant differences between user-favorable and organization-adoptable ideas in terms of idea characteristics. Lastly, both theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.307-336
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• 2018

This paper proposes a monetary aggregate "Liquidity" that could serve as a useful indicator for gauging the appropriateness of monetary policy. If liquidity rises above a certain threshold, it is signaling that monetary policy is losing traction due to structural and other impediments even when the inflation gap remains open. This indicator supplements the financial cycle approach but adds value by providing a benchmark that is derived from the national account, and not based on its own trend. Over the last two decades, each time this measure rose above the threshold range, it was followed by a decline in GDP growth. The latter was greater when accompanied by a high physical asset value to GDP, e.g., an elevated property market.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2017

Most local agencies such as counties and small cities continuously express difficulties in making technically and financially defensible decisions on their pavement infrastructure maintenance and rehabilitation. Unlike pavement systems managed by state highway agencies, the total lane-miles of many local pavements are significantly short and they are managed by a limited number of staff who typically have multiple responsibilities. Most local agencies also do not have historical pavement performance data and the lack of a systematic decision making framework exacerbates the problem. A structured framework and an easily accessible decision support tool that reflects their local requirements, practices and operational conditions would greatly assist them in making consistent and defensible decisions. This study fills this gap by developing a systematic pavement treatment selection framework and a spreadsheet based tool for local agencies. It is expected that the proposed framework will significantly help local agencies to improve their pavement asset management practices at the project level.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.605-612
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• 2011

In multi-center randomized clinical trial the treatment eect may be changed over centers. It is thus important to investigate the heterogeneity in treatment eect between centers. For this, uncorrelated random-eect models assuming independence between random-eect terms have been often used, which may be a strong assumption. In this paper we propose a correlated frailty modelling approach of investigating such heterogeneity using the hierarchical-likelihood method when the outcome is time-to-event. In particular, we show how to construct a proper prediction interval for frailty, which explores graphically the potential heterogeneity for a treatment-by-center interaction term. The proposed method is illustrated via numerical studies based on data from the design of a multi-center clinical trial.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 2014

Open innovation concept is advocating the importance of the customer roles in firm's innovation. As a result, crowdsourcing community is drawing attention as a strategic asset for open innovation across diverse industries. Considering that the goal of crowdsourcing community is harnessing innovative ideas, understanding the characteristics of user-favorable and organization-adoptable ideas can enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of idea crowdsourcing. In our approach, we extracted idea content-based characteristics such as subjectivity, negativity, prosocialness, and depth of idea to examine what are the factors that affect user preference and organizational adoption. An analysis of 71,134 ideas from MyStarbucksIdea.com shows that there are significant differences between user-favorable and organization-adoptable ideas in terms of idea characteristics. Lastly, both theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.758-762
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• 2007

Revenue management is a new approach method to solve the problem of supply and demand, and one of fields which is diffused quickly at the service enterprise to use perishable-asset like the transportation business. It is based on multiple fare policy that discount charge reservation should be received if the benefit value of current discount fare is more than expected profit of the normal fare reservation it will be able to occur in future when suitable goods is sold to the customers at discount fare, at the time they want, and at assigned seat by controlling supply and demand from market. In this research, I will review on initial operation case for special class goods that the seat which is limited is assigned at some of train and portion of KTX for demand dispersion and new demand creation at peak time, put a limit in purchase conditions, and provides discounted fare. I will also try to find implication for strategic operation.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.971-978
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• 2009

Poisson generalized linear mixed models(GLMMs) have been widely used for the analysis of clustered or correlated count data. For the inference marginal likelihood, which is obtained by integrating out random effects is often used. It gives maximum likelihood(ML) estimator, but the integration is usually intractable. In this paper, we propose how to obtain the ML estimator via Laplace approximation based on hierarchical-likelihood (h-likelihood) approach under the Poisson GLMMs. In particular, the h-likelihood avoids the integration itself and gives a statistically efficient procedure for various random-effect models including GLMMs. The proposed method is illustrated using two practical examples and simulation studies.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 2000

Bond immunization model is used to minimize interest rate risk for investing in fixed-income market, the model equalizes asset and liability values using the duration which is the sensitivity of portfolio value with respect to the interest rate. However this model might generate an error in practice because the model is based on unreal hypothesis, so called "Parallel Shift Term Structure". In this paper, we use the neural network approach to overcome the parallel shift term structure and try to employ this term structure function to the traditional immunization model. Finally, we present some computational test results that show the superiority of the partial immunization model to the traditional methods.