• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국응용약물학회 2002년도 창립10주년기념 및 국립독성연구원 의약품동등성평가부서 신설기념 국재학술대회:생물학적 동등성과 의약품 개발 전략을 위한 국제심포지움
• /
• pp.205-205
• /
• 2002

Two formulations of tiropramide {(${\pm}$)${\alpha}$-(benzoylamino)-4-[2-(diethylamino)-ethoxy]-N,N-dipropyl-benzenepropanamide hydrochloride}, an antispasmodic agent, were orally administered to 16 healthy Korean male volunteers by Latin crossover design with the purpose of evaluating bioeqivalence and phamacokinetics of tiropramide. Tiropramide in human plasma was determined by a gas chromatography/nitrogen phosphorus detector. Detection limit of tiropramide was 5 ng/ml. C$\_$max/ values in test and reference formulations were 93.9 ${\pm}$ 54.3 and 96.4 ${\pm}$ 51.6 ng/ml, respectively. AUC$\_$0\longrightarrowlast/ and AUC$\_$0\longrightarrowinf/ were, respectively, 330.7 ${\pm}$ 193.9 and 349.5 ${\pm}$ 205.3 ng.hr/ml for test formulation, 348.9 ${\pm}$ 207.7 and 380.8 ${\pm}$ 239.0 ng.hr/ml for reference formulation. Terminal half-life was 2.3-2.6 hr. Bioavailability differences for C/aub max/ and AUC$\_$0\longrightarrowlast/ were 2.48% and 5.22%, respectively. Minimum detection differences were less than 20% in both C$\_$max/ AUC. Based on this results, two formulations of tiropramide were considered to be bioequivalent

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 2009

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum (S. gallinarum) is the agent of fowl typhoid, and the 9R vaccine is a commercial live vaccine for the prevention of fowl typhoid. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and immunogenicity of different brands of S. gallinarum 9R vaccine used in commercial laying chickens in Korea. All 9R strains originated from three different brands showed the same pattern in the biochemical and serological properties, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profile. But, there was a difference in rhamnose fermentaion, agglutination with Salmonella group $D_1$ antiserum and PFGE pattern between 9R vaccine strain and field S. gallinarum isolates. In laboratory and field trials for assesment of safety and immunogenicity of 9R vaccine, all of the three 9R vaccines showed the same safety in commercial laying chickens. In addition, there was a significant difference between the vaccinated and unvaccinated control groups in mortality and the re-isolation rate of the challenge strain from the tissues (p < 0.05), and no difference by the brands of 9R vaccine. The results from this study indicated that all three different brands of S. gallinarum 9R vaccine showed highly protection against mortality and organ invasion in commercial laying chickens exposed to virulent strains of S. gallinarum.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.681-690
• /
• 2014

It is known that sewer problems are the major causes of road cave-in. The objective of this study is to analyze the risk of road cave-in due to storm sewer laterals. We investigated 174 storm sewer laterals using a zoom camera at O-dong area in Seoul. The causes of road cave-in were classified into five cases: breakage of rigid pipe, deformation of flexible pipe, out of pipeline alignment, changing pipe material or changing pipe diameter, and a poor linkage between lateral and sewer. In addition, all defects were sorted into five grades based on the severity rating at storm sewer laterals. In this study, the most fragile pipe materials were found to be concrete pipe and polyethylene pipe, which recorded 2.3 and 1.69 defect rates. With regard to the causes of road cave-in, deformation of flexible pipe has a large influence on road cave-in at present. On a long-term basis, the two causes, out of pipeline alignment and a poor linkage between lateral and sewer, could have more influence on road cave-in.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제59권3호
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2017

The main goal of this paper is to assess application of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) remote sensing and GIS based images in detection and measuring of rice field drought area in South Korea. Drought is recurring feature of the climatic events, which often hit South Korea, bringing significant water shortages, local economic losses and adverse social consequences. This paper describes the assesment of the near-realtime drought damage monitoring and reporting system for the agricultural drought region. The system is being developed using drought-related vegetation characteristics, which are derived from UAV remote sensing data. The study area is $3.07km^2$ of Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungnam in South Korea. UAV images were acquired three times from July 4 to October 29, 2015. Three images of the same test site have been analysed by object-based image classification technique. Drought damaged paddy rices reached $754,362m^2$, which is 47.1 %. The NongHyeop Agricultural Damage Insurance accepted agricultural land of 4.6 % ($34,932m^2$). For paddy rices by UAV investigation, the drought monitoring and crop productivity was effective in improving drought assessment method.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2011

Steam Generator(SG) tube is an important component of Nuclear Power Plant(NPP), which is the pressure boundary between the primary and secondary systems. The integrity of SG tube has been confirmed by the eddy current test every outage. The eddy current technique adopting bobbin probe is currently the primary technique for the steam generator tubing integrity assesment. The bobbin probe is one of the essential components which consist of the whole ECT examination system and provides us a decisive data for the evaluation of tube integrity. Until now, all of the ECT bobbin probes in Korea which is necessary to carry out inspection are imported from overseas. However, KHNP has recently developed the bobbin probe design technology and transferred it to domestic manufacturers to fabricate the probes. This study has been conducted to establish technical requirements applicable to the steam generator tube inspection using the bobbin probes fabricated by the domestic manufactures. The results have been compared with the results obtained by using foreign probe to identify the availability to the steam generator tube inspection. As a result, it is confirmed that the domestic bobbin probe is generally applicable to SG tube inspection in the NPPs.

• 한국항해학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1996

The assesment of the safety of ship's transit in a curved narrow channel consists of the maneuvering safety determined by the chance of running aground, the maneuvering difficulty determined by ship's workload, and shiphandler's subjective evaluation. In this study, to examine the correlation between shiphandler's subjective evaluation and the maneuvering safety, the real-time and full-mission shiphandling simulator in the Korea Marine Training & Research Institute(KMTRI) was utilized. On the conning bridge of the shiphandling simulator, 50 experienced masters have conducted the modeled vessel of 60, 000 deadweight tonnage along the designed channel under 3 different environmental conditions. It was possible to assess and analyze theoretically the correlation between the shiphandler's subjective evaluation and maneuvering difficulty under each environmental condition by quantifying the data obtained from the tests. The results are as follows: $\circled1$ As the degree of maneuvering difficulty increases, the shiphandler's subjective evaluation increases in the designed channel under the designed environmental condition. $\circled2$ In the straight area, not the bend of the designed channel, maneuvering difficulty increases sharply under the environmental condition of current and wind coming from the stern.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.247-254
• /
• 2012

This paper seeks for the set-up plan in the reasonable target area of environmental assessment. Domestically, the target area of environmental assessment is set up by the adjustment of opinion collection about the assessment scope result of an environmental factor. In a foreign country, the boundary of the target area for a development project is established with the environmental, economical, and social viewpoint based on the standard for significantly environmental impact. Based on the analysis of the present condition at home and abroad, the first set-up plan for the reasonable target area of environmental assessment is the preparation of the detailed term definition related to the target area of environmental assessment. The second is the arrangement of the judgement standard for significantly environmental impact. The quantitative assesment item can apply the present standard or regulation, and the qualitative assessment item can establish the standard based on factual and objective data. The last is the preparation of the reference material or the guideline for deciding the initial target area by the judgement standard and determining the final target area by opinion collection in the stage of scoping.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.41-56
• /
• 2012

Landscape space can and should play as a multi-functional agent : healing contaminated soil, reducing natural hazards, supporting living things, making comfortable environment for human, and appealing to human aesthetics, etc. This article aims to show the possibility and role of landscape space as such agent. In landscape design for National Marine Biology Resource Institute, distributed rain water treatment system and rain gardens are introduced to replace a mono-functioning large detention pond which was suggested by disaster impact assesment. Phytoremediation and vegetation filtering system with muti-cell wetlands are also adapted to heal the contaminated soil. This kind of landscape as a 'living machine' which can play as an operational control utility of multi-environment and thus can be combined effectively into green infrastructure is important for post-industrial city, especially in an era of climate change.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 2006

This study aims to propose the comprehensive evaluation of performance multi-family housing. Most of the existing studies for the reproduction have evaluated by the safety of structure. Therefore those pass over the functional factors which is important for the evaluation of residential qualities. This study represents that the reproduction renovation should not be secured the safety of structure but established the quality of lift. And questionnaire asking expert's opinion also supplemented. As a result, the item for examination and the weight for evaluation are suggested in functional deterioration. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Existent redevelopment criteria are not appropriate to decide the environmental comfort, the vital function of housing and the residential management finance. 2. The future criteria have to evaluate the existing environmental comfort, be reconstructed to put first general deterioration. 3. Evaluation elements was extracted throughout the document research, evaluation elements analysis system was separated in residential area, suburb of dwellings, community, and housing complexity environmental assesment, 4. Each category of influence ratio was extracted to assess total deterioration throughout the expert question survey. 5. Each category analysed (1) $0{\sim}30%$: function is good (unnecessary to improve) (2) $31{\sim}40%$: average (necessary of partial improvement) (3) $41{\sim}59%$: bad (necessary of total improvement) (4) $60{\sim}100%$: the worst (unable to improve throughout the repair)

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 2018

Stone pagoda structures have continued to be aged due to the combination of various damage factors. However, some studies on nonstructural damage have been carried out, but assessment studies on structural damage have not been done in various ways. Therefore, in this study, structural and nonstructural influencing factors according to the damage types are classified and the damage assessment according to the structural influencing factors affecting the behavior of the stone pagoda structure is performed. In addition, the damage rating classification criteria for each type of structural damages or damage locations are presented, and the damage index is calculated by providing the criteria for the classification of damage according to the degree of damage to which the damage is caused. Therefore, this study can evaluate quantitatively the damage status of stone pagoda structures.