• Plant Resources
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 2002

This study characterized the genetic variations of 13 populations of Asplenium antiquum and its relative species using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total 88 scorable RAPD bands were generated by the 12 random oligo primers and were analyzed by Nei and Li's genetic distance. High genetic variability was detected between A. antiquum and A. nidus, with the range from 0.568 to 0.682. And slightly low genetic variations showed within the populations of same species. Seven populations of A. antiquum showed slight differences (0.000-0.216), and five populations of A. nidus showed similar low genetic variations (0.114 to 0.171). Two individuals from Sup-seom Island which are growing in might be the regenerated one from abroad. A. antiquum were clustered as two groups (Group I, Group II) by UPGMA phenogram. And five populations of A. nidus were clustered as two groups correlated with geographical distribution. The RAPD data was very useful to define the genetic variations and to discuss the phylogenetic relationships among A. antiquum and the related species..

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.126.1-126
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.125.2-125
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.127-131
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• 2002

The OJIP transients were investigated from leaves of Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum, Osmanthus insularis, Chloranthus glaber and Asplenium antiquum, in order to screen the indicators for quantification of environmental stresses and to apply them to the plant vitality test. The obvious diurnal changes or OJIP transients were found in Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum, Osmanthus insularis growing in sunny habitats, showing lower Fp and higher Fo in day time. The values of SF $I_{no}$ and P $I_{NO}$ increased dramatically in day time in leaves of Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum, Osmanthus insularis, and Asplenium antiquum. Although the value of RC/CS decreased slightly in day time in leaves of 4 tropica $l_tropical plants, the obvious diurnal changes or OJIP transients were not seen in winter, suggesting that tropica $l_tropical paints used in this research seemed to be irreversibly damaged in winter. However, the values of ETo/RC and Ψo/(1-Ψo) increased significantly in leaves of Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum, indicating that ETO/RC and Ψo/(1-Ψo) were useful as indicator parameters for scensing of low temperature.ature.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.633-640
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• 2007

The diurnal changes of chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidative enzyme activity were investigated in the leaves from four subtropical plant species (Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum Bak., Osmanthus insularis Koidz., Asplenium antiquum Makino and Chloranthus glaber Makino) under the natural habitats in summer and winter. The intensity of chlorophyll fluorescence was lower in O-, I-, J-, P-steps of O-J-I-P transient in winter than summer, and prominent diurnal change was not found in the fluorescence intensity of four subtropical plant species in winter. The activity and isoenzyme pattern of SOD and catalase did irregularly change seasonally and diurnally in four subtropical plant species. In contrast, the peroxidase activity and isoenzyme pattern was different depending on plant species and growth seasons; The activity increased slightly more in winter than in summer in four subtropical plant species, and several isoenzymes appeared in the leaves from C. asiaticum var japonicum, O. insularis and A. antiquum in winter.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.280-291
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• 2019

A. antiquum, first observed in Jeju Samdo Island in 1949, was designated as the Natural Monument No. 18 in December 1962 in recognition of its academic value. In Korea, it grows in nature only in Samdo in Jeju Island. Although its natural habitat was greatly damaged and almost destroyed due to firewood, stealing, etc. After the emancipation, it has been maintained by the transplantation and restoration. The site observed by this study has been managed as a restricted area since 2011. Since it has been about 20 years since the restoration of the native site in the 2000s, it is necessary to check the official management history records, such as the origin of transplantation and restoration to monitor the changes in the growth status and to control the habitat. As the results of this study, we have secured the records of cultural property management history, such as the identification of native species and the transplantation and restoration records. We also examined the change of the growth and development of A. antiquum 20 years after the restoration. There are no official records of the individuals transplanted to the restored natural habitat of A. antiquum in the 1970s and 1980s, and there was a controversy about the nativeness of those individuals that were restored and transplanted in 1974 since they were Japanese individuals. The studies of identifying native as the results of this study, we have secured the records of cultural property management history, such as the identification of native species and the transplantation and restoration records. We also examined the change of the growth and development of A. antiquum 20 years after the restoration. There are two sites in natural habitat in Samdo Island. A total of 65 individuals grow in three layers on three stone walls in a site while 29 individuals grow in two columns in the other site. A. antiquum grows in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by Neolitsea sericea, and we did not find any other individuals of naturally growing A. antiquum outside the investigated site. This study checked the distribution of A. antiquum seedlings observed initially after the restoration. There were more than 300 seedling individuals, and we selected three densely populated sites for monitoring. There were 23 A. antiquum seedlings with 4 - 17 leaves per individual and the leaf length of 0.5 - 20 cm in monitoring site 1. There were 88 individuals with 5 - 6 leaves per individual and the leaf length of 1.3 - 10.4 cm in monitoring site 2 while there were 22 individuals with 5 - 9 leaves per individual and the leaf length of 4.5 - 12.1 cm in monitoring site 3. Although the natural habitat of A. antiquum was designated as a restricted public area in 2011, there is a high possibility that the habitat can be damaged because some activities, such as fishing and scuba diving are allowed. Therefore, it is necessary to enforce the law strictly, to provide sufficient education for the preservation of natural treasures, and to present accurate information about cultural assets.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.67-67
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• 2002

아열대성 식물 4종 (문주란, Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum; 박달목서, Osmanthus insularis; 죽절초, Chloranthus glaber; 파초일엽, Asplenium antiquum)을 대상으로 자연 환경요인의 변화에 의한 항산화 효소 (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase)의 활성과 isoenzyme 패턴의 변화를 전기영동으로 조사하였다. 그 결과, peroxidase의 활성과 isoenzyme 패턴이 식물종이나 환경조건에 따라 가장 다양하게 나타났다. Peroxidase는 4종 모두에서 여름철보다 겨울철에 활성이 높았고 문주란, 박달목서, 파초일엽에서는 겨울철에 특이적으로 발현되는 isoenzyme들도 관찰할 수 있었다. Catalase는 문주란, 박달목서, 파초일엽에서 검출되었다. 문주란 잎에서는 겨울철에 비해 여름철에 다소 높은 활성을 보였으며, 박달목서와 파초일엽에서는 겨울철에 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 그리고 문주란과 박달목서에서는 겨울철에 새벽이나 밤보다 낮시간에 높은 활성을 보였는데 파초일엽에서는 낮시간의 catalase 활성이 낮았다. Superoxide dismutase는 문주란, 박달목서, 파초일엽에서 검출되었으며, 특히 박달목서에서는 겨울철에 높은 활성을 보였다. Ascorbate peroxidase는 문주란과 파초일엽에서 관찰되었으나 계절적으로 큰 차이가 없었으며, 겨울철에는 isoenzyme 패턴의 일주기적 변화가 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과, 종별로는 문주란, 파초일엽에서 4종의 항산화효소가 모두 검출되었고, 박달목서에서는 ascorbate peroxidase가, 죽절초에서는 peroxidase를 제외한 모든 항산화 효소가 검출되지 않았다. 식물종에 따라 또는 환경요인의 변화에 따라 항산화효소의 활성 또는 isoenzyme 패턴의 차이를 보이고 있지만 항산화효소의 계절적 그리고 일주기적 변화가 관찰되어, 본 연구에서 조사된 4종의 아열대성 식물이 자연환경 조건 하에서도 산화적 스트레스에 처하고 있는 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.389-395
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• 2005

The changes of O-J-I-P transients were investigated using leaves of four subtropical plant species (Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum, Osmanthus insularis, Chloranthus glaber and Asplenium antiquum) under the natural conditions in winter, in order to select the stress indicators for diagnosing physiological states of plants under low temperature. In the O-J-I-P transients of these species, the fluorescence intensity was found to be higher in O-step and lower in P-step in winter than in summer. Particularly, the fluorescence intensity of the P-step in Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum was lower than those of other three plant species, indicating that Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum is the most sensitive to low temperature. Of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters derived from O-J-I-P transients of four subtropical plants, Fm, Fv/Fo, ABS/CS, TRo/CS, $\phi_{po}$ and $\phi_{po}/(1-\phi_{po})$ decreased significantly with the increase of Fo, Sm, N, EToICS, ETo/RC and $\psi_o/(1-\psi_o)$ depending on temperature drop in winter. Therefore, these parameters could be used as indicators for estimating low temperature stress and diagnosing physiological states of plants under the natural conditions in winter.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.68-68
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• 2002

아열대성 식물 4종 (문주란, Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum; 박달목서, Osmanthus insularis; 죽절초, Chloranthus glaber; 파초일엽, Asplenium antiquum)을 대상으로 자연 환경요인의 변화에 따른 엽록소형광을 분석하여 이들 식물의 활력도를 검토하였다. 여름철 일변화에 있어서 양지에 자라는 문주란과 박달목서는 Fv/Fm이 새벽과 밤에는 0.80~0.83 범위의 높은 값을 보이지만, 낮시간에는 0.65~0.73으로 낮았다. 1-qN과 1-qP도 낮시간에 크게 낮아졌다. 음지에 자라는 죽절초와 파초일엽의 Fv/Fm은 높아서 0.83~0.85 범위를 유지하였으며 일변화적 특성은 관찰되지 않았다. 1-qP의 변화는 거의 관찰되지 않았으나 1-qN이 낮시간에 다소 감소하는 경향을 보여주었다. 죽절초와 파초일엽에서는 광억제가 거의 일어나지 않으나 문주란과 박달목서에서는 낮시간의 고광에 의한 광억제가 나타난다. 하지만 여기에너지의 일부를 열의 형태로 방출하여 광피해를 완화시키고 있는 것으로 보인다. 겨울철에는 Fv/Fm이 모든 종에서 0.8 이하의 값을 나타내었는데, 특히 문주란의 Fv/Fm 값은 다른 3종 보다 더 낮았다. 그리고 모든 종에서 일변화적인 특성은 관찰되지 않았다. 문주란의 1-qN은 낮시간에 다소 감소하였지만, 나머지 3종의 식물은 높은 값을 나타내었다. 그리고 l-qP는 문주란과 박달목서에서는 낮시간에 0.6 범위로 낮아졌다. 이는 종에 따라 차이가 있지만 겨울철 저온의 영향을 받은 결과로 보인다. 한편, 여름철 문주란과 박달목서의 O-J-I-P곡선은 거의 유사하며 낮에 뚜렷하게 낮았고, 죽절초와 파초일엽에서는 일변화적 특성은 두드러지지 않았다. 그리고 P $I_{NO}$ 와 SF $I_{NO}$ 가 죽절초를 제외한 3종에서 여름철 낮시간에 증가하였다. 겨울철의 O-J-I-P곡선은 모든 종에서 낮시간에 다소 낮아지지만 큰 변화는 없었다. 그리고, 문주란, 박달목서, 파초일엽에서 $\psi$o/(1-$\psi$o)가 낮시간에 다소 증가하였다. 이로부터 P $I_{NO}$ , SF $I_{NO}$ , $\psi$o/(1-$\psi$o)등의 변수는 식물의 활력도를 검정하는 지표로 활용될 가능성이 높다고 할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.558-570
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• 2009

The vascular plants in Jeju composed of 21 families 62 genera, 190 species, 7 varieties with 197 taxa in Pteridophyta, 3 families 5 genera, 7 species, 3 forma with 10 taxa in gymnosperm (Coniferophyta) and 143 families 703 genera, 1,622 species, 114 varieties and 47 forma with 1,783 taxa in Endospermae. The total number of taxa was 1,990 consisting 167 families, 770 genera, 1,818 species, 121 varieties and 50 forma. Three families, 4 genera 4 species and 1 variety in Pteridophyta and 1 family, 1 genus I species, 1 forma of Coniferophyta were endemic to Jeju. Five families, 8 genera and 8 species in the Monocotyledonae of Endospermae and 23 families, 32 genera, 21 species, 16 varieties and 7 forma and 44 taxa in Cholipetalae, and 9 families, 24 genera, 12 species, 13 varieties and 7 forma, total 32 taxa in Sympetalae were endemic to Jeju. Total 90 taxa with 41 families, 69 genera, 46 species, 29 varieties and 15 forma were drawn up as endemic plants in Jeju. As the numbers show on, Jeju has more biodiversity especially plant diversity than any other places in Korea. It was an important region in regard to geographical position. The rarity on plants from Jeju has been assessed based on the IUCN red list categories and criteria at both regional and global levels. There was one species in each extinct (EX) and extinct in the Wild (EW). The EX and EW species were Rhododendron saisiuense Nakai (Ericaceae) and Asplenium antiquum Makino (Aspleniaceae), respectively. Three taxa, Rhododendron dauricum L. (Ericaceae), Lycopodium sieboldii Miq., and Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Serm (Lycopodiaceae) were species that is extinct in the region (RE). Sixty-one taxa were critically endangered (CR), 13 were endangered (EN), and 83 were vulnerable (VU) at regional level. The taxa listed on a Red List corresponds 26.9% of total taxa in Jeju. At global level, there were 19 taxa in CR, 4 in EN, and 1 in VU (Vulnerable) as the category of threat. The rest taxa (133 taxa) were classified as Least Concern (LC). According to the results of the assessment, conservation measures must be taken for total of 157 species that were categorized in threaten including one of EX, one of EW and three extinct in the region immediately. Of 157 species, 61 were CR, 13 are EN and 83 were VU.