• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2013

In the eLoran navigation system, the dominant deterioration factors of navigation accuracy are the TOA measurement errors on user receiver and the GDOP between the receiver and the transmitters. But if the ASF data measured at dLoran reference station are provided for users through the Loran data channel, it will be possible to correct the TOA measurement errors. The position accuracy can be determined by the DOP depending on the geometry of receiver-transmitters, and their optimal placement improves the navigation accuracy. In this study we determined the geometric placement in case of up to six stations, and evaluated the performance of position accuracy for the receiver-transmitter geometry set of eLoran stations. The proposed geometry of eLoran stations can be referred for the construction of eLoran infrastructure meeting the capability of HEA for maritime, and time/frequency users in Korea.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.283-291
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• 2012

This study examines the optimal fractionation method and conditions for the isolation of endoprotease- and exopeptidase-active fractions from crude extracts of cuttlefish hepatopancreas (HP) using four fractionation methods: ammonium sulfate fractionation (ASF), polyethylene glycol fractionation (PGF), ion exchange chromatography (IEC), and gel filtration chromatography (GFC). Total endoprotease activity highest in the fraction II (concentrate of fractions 34-42; 842.60 U) of GFC, followed by fraction III (40-60% ammonium sulfate fraction; 670.25 U) of ASF, fraction I (concentrate of fractions 8-12; 436.89 U) of IEC, and fraction II (10-20% polyethylene glycol; 307.31 U) of PGF. Total exopeptidase activity of these fractions was highest in fraction II (2,704.70 U) of GFC, fraction III (2,110.50 U) of ASF, fraction III (1,605.60 U) of PGF, and fraction II (concentrate of fractions 38-44; 1,196.22 U) of IEC. These results showed that fraction II of GFC had the highest activity toward both exopeptidase and endoprotease, with exopeptidase activity being 3.21 times higher than of endoprotease. These results suggest cuttlefish HP could be used as a potential source for the extraction of exopeptidase, an enzyme capable of catalyzing the cleavage of N- and C-terminal amino acids in polypeptides, Like endoprotease, the most efficient method for separating exopeptide-active fractions was GFC.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.81-86
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• 2014

Objectives Total intracranial volume (TIV) is a major nuisance of neuroimaging research for interindividual differences of brain structure and function. Authors intended to prove the reliability of the atlas scaling factor (ASF) method for TIV estimation in FreeSurfer by comparing it with the results of manual tracing as reference method. Methods The TIVs of 26 normal children and 26 children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were obtained by using FreeSurfer reconstruction and manual tracing with T1-weighted images. Manual tracing performed in every 10th slice of MRI dataset from midline of sagittal plane by one researcher who was blinded from clinical data. Another reseacher performed manual tracing independently for randomly selected 20 dataset to verify interrater reliability. Results The interrater reliability was excellent (intraclass coefficient = 0.91, p < 7.1e-07). There were no significant differences of age and gender distribution between normal and ADHD groups. No significant differences were found between TIVs from ASF method and manual tracing. Strong correlation between TIVs from 2 different methods were shown (r = 0.90, p < 2.2e-16). Conclusions The ASF method for TIV estimation by using FreeSurfer showed good agreement with the reference method. We can use the TIV from ASF method for correction in analysis of structural and functional neuroimaging studies with not only elderly subjects but also children, even with ADHD.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.216-233
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• 2002

Due to the environmental problems of fuel consumption and vehicle emission, etc., automotive makers are trying to reduce the weight of vehicles. The most effective way to reduce a vehicle weight is to use lighter materials, such as aluminum and plastics. Aluminum Intensive Vehicle(AIV) has many advantages in the aspects of weight reduction, body stiffness and model change. So, most of automotive manufacturers are attempting to develop AIV using Aluminum Space Frame(ASF). The weight of AIV can be generally reduced to about 30% than that of conventional steel vehicle without the loss of impact energy absorbing capability. And the body stiffness of AIV is higher than that of conventional steel monocoque body. In this study, Aluminum Intensive Vehicle is developed and analyzed on the basis of steel monocoque body. The energy absorbing characteristics of aluminum extrusion components are investigated from the test and simulation results. The crush and crash characteristics of AIV based on the FMVSS 208 regulations are evaluated in comparison with steel monocoque. Using these results, the design concepts of the effective energy absorbing members and the design guide line to improve crashworthiness for AIV are suggested.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2005

We have developed control electronics to operate flux-locked loop (FLL), and analog signal filters to process FLL outputs for 64-channel Double Relaxation Oscillation SQUID (DROS) magnetocardiography (MCG) system. Control electronics consisting of a preamplifier, an integrator, and a feedback, is compact and low-cost due to larger swing voltage and flux-to-voltage transfer coefficients of DROS than those of dc SQUIDs. Analog signal filter (ASF) serially chained with a high-pass filter having a cut-off frequency of 0.1 Hz, an amplifier having a gain of 100, a low-pass filter of 100 Hz, and a notch filter of 60 Hz makes FLL output suitable for MCG. The noise of a preamplifier in FLL control electronics is $7\;nV/{\surd}\;Hz$ at 1 Hz, $1.5\;nV/{\surd}\;Hz$ at 100 Hz that contributes $6\;fT/{\surd}\;Hz$ at 1 Hz, $1.3\;fT/{\surd}\;Hz$ at 100 Hz in readout electronics, and the noise of ASF electronics is $150\;{\mu}V/{\surd}\;Hz$ equivalent to $0.13\;fT/{\surd}\;Hz$ within the range of $1{\sim}100\;Hz$. When DROSs are connected to readout electronics inside a magnetically shielded room, the noise of 64-channel DROS system is $10\;fT/{\surd}\;Hz$ at 1 Hz, $5\;fT/{\surd}\;Hz$ at 100 Hz on the average, low enough to measure human MCG.

• Digital Contents
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• no.1 s.140
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• pp.74-77
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• 2005

MP3플레이어(MP3P)를 비롯해 CD플레이어, MD플레이어 등 최근 출시되는 휴대형 음향기기들은 점차 그 성능이 향상되고 복합화 · 다기능화 돼감에 따라 소비자들의 선택의 폭이 넓어지고 있다. 레인콤은 동영상을 감상할 수 있는 CD 방식 멀티미디어 플레이어‘아이리버 IMP—1100’을 세계 최초로 출시했다. 이 제품은 기존 MP3 CD플레이어에 26만 컬러 2인치 LCD화면을 추가, 동영상 재생 및 전자앨범 기능을 결합한 디지털 컨버전스 신개념의 휴대형 멀티미디어 CD플레이어다. 아이콘 · 메뉴를 컬러화 했음은 물론, 야외 휴대 시에도 ASF ·AVI 동영상파일 및 디지털사진들을 감상할 수 있다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2014

Chronic pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy is associated with an increased risk of morbidity/mortality, largely due to maladaptive remodeling and dilatation that progresses to dilated cardiomyopathy. Alternative splicing is an important biological mechanism that generates proteomic complexity and diversity. The recent development of next-generation RNA sequencing has improved our understanding of the qualitative signatures associated with alternative splicing in various biological conditions. However, the role of alternative splicing in cardiac hypertrophy is yet unknown. The present study employed RNA-Seq and a bioinformatic approach to detect the RNA splicing regulatory elements involved in alternative splicing during pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy. We found GC-rich exonic motifs that regulate intron retention in 5' UTRs and AT-rich exonic motifs that are involved in exclusion of the AT-rich elements that cause mRNA instability in 3' UTRs. We also identified motifs in the intronic regions involved in exon exclusion and inclusion, which predicted splicing factors that bind to these motifs. We found, through Western blotting, that the expression levels of three splicing factors, ESRP1, PTB and SF2/ASF, were significantly altered during cardiac hypertrophy. Collectively, the present results suggest that chronic pressure-overload hypertrophy is closely associated with distinct alternative splicing due to altered expression of splicing factors.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.458-466
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• 2020

The purpose of this experimental research is to evaluate the compressive and tensile behaviors of high performance hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HPHFRC) using amorphous steel fiber(ASF) and polyamide fiber(PAF). For this purpose, the HPHFRCs using ASF and PAF were made according to their total volume fraction of 1.0% for target compressive strength of 40MPa and 60MPa, respectively. And then the compressive and tensile behaviors such as the compressive strength, compressive toughness, direct tensile strength, and stress-strain characteristics under compressive and tensile tests were estimated. It was observed from the test results that the compressive strength of HPHFRC was slightly decreased than that of plain concrete, but the compressive toughness, compressive toughness ratio, and direct tensile strength of HPHFRC increased significantly. Also, it was revealed that the plain concrete showed brittle fracture after the maximum stress from the stress-strain curves, but HPHFRC showed strain softening.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.17.1-17.10
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• 2022

Background: Inspection of livestock farms using surveillance cameras is emerging as a means of early detection of transboundary animal disease such as African swine fever (ASF). Object tracking, a developing technology derived from object detection aims to the consistent identification of individual objects in farms. Objectives: This study was conducted as a preliminary investigation for practical application to livestock farms. With the use of a high-performance artificial intelligence (AI)-based 3D depth camera, the aim is to establish a pathway for utilizing AI models to perform advanced object tracking. Methods: Multiple crossovers by two humans will be simulated to investigate the potential of object tracking. Inspection of consistent identification will be the evidence of object tracking after crossing over. Two AI models, a fast model and an accurate model, were tested and compared with regard to their object tracking performance in 3D. Finally, the recording of pig pen was also processed with aforementioned AI model to test the possibility of 3D object detection. Results: Both AI successfully processed and provided a 3D bounding box, identification number, and distance away from camera for each individual human. The accurate detection model had better evidence than the fast detection model on 3D object tracking and showed the potential application onto pigs as a livestock. Conclusions: Preparing a custom dataset to train AI models in an appropriate farm is required for proper 3D object detection to operate object tracking for pigs at an ideal level. This will allow the farm to smoothly transit traditional methods to ASF-preventing precision livestock farming.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.43-57
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• 2010

Objectives : To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture on parameters related to obesity in adults with abdominal obesity. Methods : A three arm randomized single blind pilot study was conducted from Jan 4 to March 25, 2010 in Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Hospital. The subjects were 39 adults with abdominal obesity and were randomly divided by computer generated random table into 3 groups; EA(electroacupuncture), sham EA(sham electroacupuncture) and waitlist groups. Acupuncture points located at abdomen($CV_{12}$, $CV_6$, $ST_{25}$, $SP_{15}$, $SP_{14}$) and extremities($LI_4$, $LI_{11}$, $ST_{36}$, $ST_{44}$) were inserted by disposable stainless steel needles and were stimulated 30 minutes with 24Hz, 0.27~1.3mA(tolerable strength), asymmetric biphasic continuous pulse wave form by STN-111 Stratek device in EA group. Two treatment sessions per week for 5 weeks(10 sessions in total) were done in EA and sham EA groups. The primary outcome measurement was WC(waist circumference), and the secondary outcome measurements included WHR(waist hip ratio), ASF(thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat), and inbody measurements of BW(body weight), BMI(body mass index), BFR(body fat ratio) and VFA(visceral fat area), and also scores of BULIT-R(bulimia test revised), KoQoL(Korean obesity of QoL) and BSQ(body shape questionnaire). Results : All of 39 subjects were included in ITT(intention-to-treat) analysis. There were significant reductions in WC, WHR and ASF after 5-week electroacupuncture treatments and the percentage reductions were significantly greater than sham EA or waitlist group. There were no significant differences between groups in percentage reductions of other parameters(BW, BMI, BFR, VFA, BULIT-R, KoQoL and BSQ). But, there were continuous reductions in BW, BMI, BFR and VFA at 3 weeks after the end of treatment and there was significant reduction in BW compared with the baseline value in EA group. No seriously adverse effects were reported during the period. Conclusions : Electroacupuncture was more effective than sham electroacupuncture or no intervention on the reduction of WC, WHR and ASF in adults with abdominal obesity.