• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3293-3298
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• 2012

The present study was conducted to evaluate in vivo anticancer activity of two novel mononuclear ruthenium(II) compounds, namely Ru(1,10-phenanthroline)$_2$(2-nitro phenyl thiosemicarbazone)$Cl_2$(Compound $R_1$) and Ru (1,10-phenanthroline)$_2$(2-hydroxy phenyl thiosemicarbazone)$Cl_2$(Compound $R_2$) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) mice and in vitro cytotoxic activity against IEC-6 (small intestine) cell lines and Artemia salina nauplii using MTT [(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)] and BLT [brine shrimp lethality] assays respectively. The tested ruthenium compounds at the doses 2 and 4 mg/kg body weight showed promising biological activity especially in decreasing the tumor volume, viable ascites cell counts and body weights. These compounds prolonged the life span (% ILS), mean survival time (MST) of mice bearing-EAC tumor. The results for in vitro cytotoxicity against IEC-6 cells showed the ruthenium compound $R_2$ to have significant cytotoxic activity with a $IC_{50}$ value of $20.0{\mu}g/mL$ than $R_1$ ($IC_{50}=78.8{\mu}g/mL$) in the MTT assay and the $LC_{50}$ values of $R_1$ and $R_2$ compounds were found to be 38.3 and $43.8{\mu}g/mL$ respectively in the BLT assay. The biochemical and histopathological results revealed that there was no significant hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity associated with the ruthenium administration to mice.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.438-441
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• 2001

Two female Yorkshire terrier was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University. In case 1, clinical signs were vomiting, anorexia and weight loss. Cystic intraabdominal mass was identified in radiographic and ultrasonographic examination. In case 2, clinical sign was abdominal distension. In radiographic and ultrasonographic examination, cellular ascites and bilateral intraabdominal masses next to kidneys were observed. Many clusters of glandular epithelial cells with anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, high N:C ratio coarse chromatin and prominent nucleoli were shown in cytologic examination of sanguineous ascites. In all two cases exploratory laparotomy was performed and enlarged ovaries were observed (Rt: 6$\times$5$\times$5 cm and Lt: 3$\times$2$\times$1 cm in case 1 and 3$\times$2$\times$1 cm bilaterally in case 2). After ovariohysterectomy histopathologic examinations were performed. Histopathologically the masses were diagnosed as ovarian adenocarcinoma and ovarian cystadenocarcinoma in case 1 and case 2, respectively. In both dogs no further chemotherapy was carried out. These two dogs had no gross evidence of tumor recurrence at the time of 3 months after tumor resection, but long-term follow-up might be needed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.119-136
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• 1997

In order to investigate the effects of Soyosangamibang Extract(逍遙散加味方抽出液) on antitumor effects after human cell lines(A549, hep3B, Caki-1, Ehrlich) transplantation into the peritoneal cavity or right groin in mice induced by RPMI1640 and GIBCO etc., the extracts of its herbal medicines were orally administered for 10 or 12 days. Experimental studies were performed for measurance of antitumor effect of MMC(Mitomycin C) and lysosomal enzyme's activities using colony forming efficency, SRB assay which were regarded as a valuable method for antitumor effects of unknown compound on tumor cell lines. The results obtained in this studies were as follows: 1. The change of colony-forming efficiency and SRB assay of Caki-1 cells, hep3B and A549 cells after exposure to the extract of Soyosangamibang extract depressed the growth of tumor cells by concentration of Soyosangamibang, 2. Antitumor activity of the ethanol extract from Soyosangamibang extract and MMC on ascites form of Ehrlich carcinoma in mice is a little improved. Especially mean survival times of the group of 200mg/kg and MMC 0.1mg/kg is improved Over 50%. 3. WhenSoyosangamibang extract and MMC are administrated together, the weight of turnor is more decreased than MMC alone. 4. The lysosomal enzyme's activities of the Soyosangarmibang extract and MMC are more significantly improved than MMC alone. According to the above results, it could be suggested that Soyosangamibang extract has indirect antitumor effect by strengthen the effect of MMC.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.283-292
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• 2000

Angelicae gigantis Radix aqua-acupuncture solution (AGRAS) and Angelicae gigantis Radix water-extracted solution (AGRWS) were prepared and tested for their organ toxicities and chemopreventive potentials. The organ-toxicity of AGRAS to male ICR mice was studied by the measurements of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP-s) activities after injection of AGRAS for 7 days. The activities of GOT GPT and LDH were decreased, but the activity of ALP-s was not changed with AGRAS. When AGRAS was administered once daily for 10 days before the tumor implantation, AGRAS exerted antitumor activity by inhibiting the growth of Ehrich ascites tumor cells (EATC) in viva. The inductions of quinone reductase (QR), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and inhibition of polyamine metabolism were tested for the chemopreventive potentials of AGRAS and AGRWS. AGRAS was potent inducer of QR activity in murine hepatoma Hepalclc7 cells. In cultured rat Ac2F cells, AGRAS was also significantly induced QR activity GSH levels were increased about 1.3 fold with AGRAS. In addition the activity of GST was increased about 2.5 fold with AGRAS at the concentration of $0.1{\;}{\times}{\;}$. The effects of AGRAS and AGRWS were tested on the growth of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Proliferation of Acanthamoeba castellanii in a broth medium was inhibited by AGRAS and AGRWS at the concentration of $1{\;}{\times}{\;}and{\;}5{\;}{\times}{\;}$, respectively: These results suggest that AGRAS has chemopreventive potential by inducing QR activity increasing GSH and GST levels and inhibition of polyamine metabolism.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is defined as the dissemination of cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity resulting in deposition of malignant cells onto parietal or visceral peritoneal surfaces, and is associated with malignant ascites. In general, PC has been treated similarly to metastatic cancers of the primary tumor, but associated with unfavorable outcomes as compared to other sites of metastatic disease from the same primary tumor origin. It has been known to have the median survival of only 3-6 months with supportive care alone. PC is an intractable problem to physicians because of its poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Recent studies have reported that a combination of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy improved survival in PC of colorectal cancer. This paper gives overviews of the characteristics, symptoms, prognosis, and diagnosis of PC and current treatment options on PC of stomach, colorectal, and unknown primary origin.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.338-342
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• 2013

Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) is significantly increased in the malicious ascites of tumor patients and induces perinuclear reorganization of keratin 8 (K8) filaments in PANC-1 cells. The reorganization contributes to the viscoelasticity of metastatic cancer cells resulting in increased migration. Recently, we reported that transglutaminase-2 (Tgase-2) is involved in SPC-induced K8 phosphorylation and reorganization. However, effects of Tgase-2 inhibitors on SPC-induced K8 phosphorylation and reorganization were not clearly studied. We found that ethacrynic acid (ECA) concentration-dependently inhibited Tgase-2. Therefore, we examined the effects of ECA on SPC-induced K8 phosphorylation and reorganization. ECA concentration-dependently suppressed the SPC-induced phosphorylation and perinuclear reorganization of K8. ECA also suppressed the SPC-induced migration and invasion. SPC induced JNK activation through Tgase-2 expression and ECA suppressed the activation and expression of JNK in PANC-1 cells. These results suggested that ECA might be useful to control Tgase-2 dependent metastasis of cancer cells such as pancreatic cancer and lung cancers.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.238-242
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• 2005

We report the case of a girl with peritoneal tuberculosis (Tb) who presented with mimicking features of ovarian cancer including massive ascites, elevation of CA-125 and ovarian masses. These ovarian masses cannot be ruled out malingnacy with image study. Gram stain, acid-fast stain, bacteriological and mycological culture of centrifuged ascites cells were negative. Tumor markers revealed an elevated CA-125 level of 112 U/mL and adenosine deaminase level were significantly high with 118 U/L. Diagnostic laparoscopy was done. The histology of the peritoneum and the ovary showed multiple granulomatous nodules with epithelioid cells and multi-nucleated giant cells. And there were no evidence of malignancy. Furthermore acid-fast bacilli (AFB) was identified in this specimen. Peritoneal Tb was difficult to diagnosis in our patient because it mimicked ovarian cancer. And this is the first case of abdominal Tb mimicking ovarian cancer in children in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.372-378
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• 2007

The Artemisia capillaris THUNB is a perennial herb that belongs to the family Compositae spp and probably the most common plant among the various herbal folk remedies being used in the treatment of abdominal pain hepatitis chronic liver disease, jaundice and coughing in Korea. Recently the biological and pharmacological actions of herb have been studied well such as antibacterial, antidiabetic and antitumor activities. This experiment was conducted to investigate antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of Artemisia capillarix extracts against Hepa-1c1c7 and Sarcoma 180 cancer cells on in vivo experimental tests. On in vivo experimental tests using 280 ICR mice the gain of body weight in the control-group mice bearing Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor was 1.5 times more than that of the normal-group mice after 33 days. However, the gain of body weight in all experimental groups administered with Artemisia capillaris extracts was significantly lower than that of the control-group mice (P<0.05). The mean survival times of mice administered with Artemisia capillaris extracts of 25 and 100 mg/kg for 28 days were shown to be 25.39% and 15.39% longer than that of the control-group mice injected with saline (P<0.05). Artemisia capillaris extracts showed the highest tumor inhibition effects, which were 42.4% and 27.2% when intraperitoneally injected with doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg once a day for 28 days in inoculated ICR mice with Sarcoma 180 solid tumor cells (P<0.05). The results suggest that Artemisia capillaris methanol extracts have prominent antitumor effects on the cancer cell lines Hepa-1c1c7 and Sarcoma 180.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1977

Inactivation of the glutamic acid dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme-molecules in the Ehrlich ascites tumor cells of the mouse were studied. The above mentioned intracellular enzymemolecules were irradiated by the X-ray radiation under the condition of 65 kV, I Amp. under the atmosphere of nitrogen gases and by $4^{\circ}C$. Thereby, irradiation doses were 580 KR/min($error:{\pm}3%$). After irradiation, the cell homogentes were prepared through liquid air techniquese. There after, the activities of the enzymes were measured with photometric method given by O. Warburg and W. Christian. The dose effect curves of the activities of the two enzymes by the X-ray irradiation showed both exponential and the inactivation doses were $6,5.10^{0}\;and\;5,0.10^{6}$ R respectively. These results showed one side that the inactivation process of the intracelluar enzymemolecules was one hit reaction after target theory, and the other side that this inactivation process could not be the primary causes of the death through X-ray irradiation of the vertebrate animals, because of the high resistance of the intracellular protein molecules against X-ray irradiation. The one hit reaction by the inactivation process of the irradiated intracellular enzymemolecules was discussed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.92-103
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• 2011

Ginseng has been used as a general tonic agent to invigorate human body. In the present study, we isolated novel glycolipoproteins from ginseng that activate $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^-$ channel (CaCC) in Xenopus oocytes and transiently increase intracellular free $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) in mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. We named the active ingredients as gintonin. Gintonin exists in at least six different forms. The native molecular weight of gintonin is about 67 kDa but its apparent molecular weight is about 13 kDa, indicating that gintonin might be a pentamer. Gintonin is rich in hydrophobic amino acids. Its main carbohydrates are glucose and glucosamine. Its lipid components are linoleic, palmitic, oleic, and stearic acids. Gintonin actions were blocked by U73122, a phospholipase C inhibitor, 2-aminoethxydiphenyl borate, an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor antagonist, or bis (o-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N0,N0-tetracetic acid acetoxymethyl ester, a membrane permeable $Ca^{2+}$ chelator. In the present study, we for the first time isolated novel gintonin and showed the signaling pathways on gintonin-mediated CaCC activations and transient increase of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. Since $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ as a second messenger plays a pivotal role in the regulation of diverse $Ca^{2+}$-dependent intracellular signal pathways, gintonin-mediated regulations of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ might contribute to biological actions of ginseng.