• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.359-364
• /
• 2011

The seven selected primers OPA-02, OPA-04, OPA-18, OPD-07, OPD-08, OPD-15 and OPD-16 were used to generate unique shared loci to each species and shared loci by the two species. The hierarchical dendrogram indicates three main branches: cluster 1 (RORETZI 01~RORETZI 11) and cluster 2 (HILGENDORF 12~HILGENDORF 22) from two geographic populations of ascidians, Halocynthia roretzi and H. hilgendorfi. The shortest genetic distance displaying significant molecular difference was between individuals' HILGENDORF no. 14~HILGENDORF no. 19 (genetic distance =0.008). Ultimately, individual no. 02 of the RORETZI ascidian was most distantly related to HILGENDORF no. 21 (genetic distance=0.781). These results demonstrate that the H. roretzi population is genetically different from the H. hilgendorfi population. From what has been said above, the potential of PCR analysis to identify diagnostic markers for the identification of two ascidian populations has been demonstrated. Generally speaking, using a variety of decamer primers, this PCR method has been applied to identify specific markers particular to line, species and geographical population, as well as genetic diversity/polymorphism in diverse species of organisms.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제53권3호
• /
• pp.273-280
• /
• 2020

Volatile compounds in fermented ascidians Halocynthia roretzi were analyzed to identify key flavor compounds using SPME/GC/MSD (solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass selective detector) after 60 days of fermentation at 5℃. The control was chopped ascidians subject to anti-browning and 4% salt treatment. product A was made from product C by adding an alcohol extract of red peppers and onion peel, 0.1% of glucose, and 0.55% of mixed amino acids (MAA; 0.05% Glu, 0.1% Pro, 0.3% Ala, and 0.1% Gly). After blanching and anti-browning treatment of chopped ascidians, Product B1 was made by adding 3% anchovy sauce and 6% sorbitol. Product B2 was made by adding 0.1% glucose and 0.55% MAA to Product B1. In total, 78 compounds were identified, including 31 alcohols, 15 aldehydes, and 10 ketones. The alcohols included 12 compounds from the C8-C10 series with floral and fruit odors, including octanol, 3-methyloctanol, 2,6-dimethyl-1-heptanol, (E)-5-octen-1-ol, 6-methyloctanol, (E)-3-octen-1-ol, (E)-3-decen-1-ol, (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-ol, and nonanol. These were detected in high amounts in ascidians and all fermented products. Aldehydes (octanal, (E)-2-octenal, 2,4-heptadienal, and nonanal) and ketones (1-oten-3-one and 2-heptanone) with fatty and mushroom odors were detected as major compounds, whereas nine ethyl esters were detected only in product A.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.105-107
• /
• 2000

Cytogenetic features of three ascidian species were studied with specimens obtained from Korean coastal areas. The gonadal tissue was processed in order to obtain mitotic and meiotic chromosomes. The chromosome numbers of Amaroucium pliciferum turned out to be 2n=26 and n=l3 with 2sm, 3st, 8t and Halocynthia roretzi to be 2n=16 and n=8 with 6m, 2t. Diploid number of chromosomes in Dendrodoa aggregata was 64 with 32t. The karyotypes of these Korean ascidians were reported for the first time.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.68-72
• /
• 2007

The flow properties of sulfated polysaccharides purified from the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi tunic were investigated. The sulfated polysaccfarides produced aqueous solutions of low apparent viscosity with pseudoplastic flow behavior. The respective activation energies of TCA-treated and TCA-nontreated solutions were $2.2248{\times}10^4\;and\;1.442{\times}10^4J/kg{\cdot}mol$ at a 150L/s shear rate. The viscosity of the sulfated polysaccharides solution was increased by the addition of sugar, while it was not changed by the addition of NaCl.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2011

멍게 물렁증 원인규명의 일환으로 2011년 3월에 경남 통영에서 채집된 물렁증 멍게와 건강한 멍게를 대상으로 병리학적 검사를 실시한 결과 물렁증 멍게의 경우 체액량, 비만도 및 피막지수가 현저히 감소하였다. 물렁증 멍게의 피막 imprint 관찰과 배양 시 2개의 편모를 가진 원생동물이 확인되었으며, 물렁증 멍게에 대한 이들 편모충의 감염률은 97.5%인 반면 건강한 멍게에서는 검출되지 않아 본 편모충은 물렁증 멍게에서 특이적으로 검출되는 것으로 조사되었다. 조직학적 검사결과 물렁증 멍게에서 피막섬 유질다발의 붕괴 현상이 관찰되었으며, 편모충으로 추정되는 원생동물들이 다수 관찰되었다. 통영산 물렁증 멍게에서 확인된 편모충은 일본에서 검출된 그것과 매우 유사한 형태적 특징을 갖고 있으며, 향후 공격실험 등 물렁증 유발과 편모충과의 연관성에 대한 추가 연구가 요망된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.94-99
• /
• 2006

The tadpole larvae of most ascidians have two sensory pigment cells in their brain vesicle. The anterior otolith pigment cell is sensitive to gravity, whereas the posterior ocellus pigment cell responds to light. Besides these two sensory cells, the larvae also possess another type of sensory receptor cell: hydrostatic pressure receptor (Hpr) cells. The Hpr cells have been presumed to sense hydrostatic water pressure, although no functional analysis has been performed. In larvae of the ascidian Halocynthia reretzi, the development of the Hpr cells and their structure in the brain vesicle are poorly understood. To investigate the morphology and formation of the Hpr cells, we established a monoclonal antibody, Hpr-1, that specifically recognizes Hpr cells. The Hpr-1 antigens became detectable in the brain vesicle at the late tailbud stage. Each Hpr cell projected a small globular body, connected by a short stalk, into the lumen of the brain vesicle. The brain vesicle showed remarkable left-right asymmetry. Pigment cells were located on the right side in the lumen of the brain vesicle, whereas Hpr cells were present in the left side. After metamorphosis, the Hpr cells were observed near the rudimental siphons of the juvenile.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.83-94
• /
• 1994

한국 양식산 우렁쉥이의 외투강에서 채집된 기생성 요각류 1 종이 Bonnierilla 속의 신종임이 확인되어 B. namhaesius 으로 명명하였다. 본 종은 제 1 안테나 8 개 마디의 강모식 3, 17+1 hook, 9+1 aesthete 5, 3, 2, 2+1 aesthete, 7+1 aesthete 를 갖는 점과 제 2 외지에서 제 4 외지 마지막 마디의 II, 5 및 caudal ramu 의 끝 부분에 2, 3, I의 형태를 갖으므로서 다른 종과 구별된다. 또한 Bonnierilla 속 중에서 수컷은 두번째로, 유생은 처음으로 기재한다.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.194-198
• /
• 2006

본 연구는 초임계 이산화탄소와 에탄올 보조용매를 사용하여 천연물질에 존재하는 기능성 물질을 효율적으로 분리하여 식품 및 의약산업에 이용할 수 있는 천연 기능성 소재를 제공할 수 있는 가능성을 보여 주었다. 초임계 이산화탄소와 보조용매 에탄올 3 mL/min를 사용하여 멍게로부터 ${\beta}$-carotene을 추출하기 위한 최적의 조건은 $35^{\circ}C$, 350 bar이었으며, 추출물질을 흡착하는 흡착칼럼으로부터 ${\beta}$-carotene을 회수하기 위한 rinse 용매는 methanol이 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 초임계 이산화탄소를 사용한 멍게 껍질로부터 ${\beta}$-carotene 추출 공정이 상업화될 경우 기존의 재래식 유기용매 추출법에서 회수한 것에 비해 잔존 유기용매가 없고 환경 친화적 공정으로 식품, 의악품 산업 등의 고품질 원료 소재로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제39권10호
• /
• pp.1481-1486
• /
• 2010

우렁쉥이의 경우 그동안 대량으로 양식되어져 생산되어 왔던 한편, 붉은멍게는 자연산 어획에만 의존해오다가 최근 종묘생산에 성공하여 앞으로 보급이 활발해질 것으로 기대되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 우렁쉥이와 붉은멍게의 몇 가지 품질특성과 항산화 활성 및 관능적 특성을 비교하였다. 시료의 pH는 우렁쉥이가 6.08, 붉은멍게가 6.20으로 붉은멍게의 pH가 다소 높게 나타났으며, 휘발성 염기질소는 우렁쉥이가 22.41 mg%, 붉은멍게가 16.80 mg%이었다. 두 시료의 색도 측정결과 L값(명도)은 우렁쉥이가 다소 높았고, a값(적색도)은 붉은멍게가 훨씬 높았으며, b값(황색도)은 우렁쉥이가 약간 높게 나타났다. 관능적 특성의 평가결과는 색, 냄새, 맛, 기호도 등 대부분의 항목에서 붉은멍게가 더 높은 점수로 관능적 특성이 더 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 구성 아미노산 조성의 측정 결과 총 함량은 우렁쉥이가 $36368.23\;{\mu}mol/g$, 붉은멍게가 $36500.12\;{\mu}mol/g$이었고, Asp, Glu, Gly 등의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 우렁쉥이와 붉은멍게의 항산화 활성 측정 결과, DPPH 라디칼 소거능의 경우 50 mg/mL의 농도에서 우렁쉥이가 42.9%, 붉은멍게가 3.2%로 우렁쉥이가 훨씬 높은 활성을 나타냈으며, ABTS 라디칼 소거능 역시 같은 농도에서 우렁쉥이가 56.1%, 붉은멍게가 30.1%로 우렁쉥이의 활성이 더 높게 나타났고, 환원력 역시 농도에 따라 우렁쉥이가 더 높은 값을 나타내었다. 총 페놀함량의 측정결과 10 mg/mL의 농도에서 우렁쉥이는 300.21 ppm, 붉은멍게는 176.04 ppm의 값으로 우렁쉥이가 더 높은 페놀함량을 나타내 페놀함량과 항산화활성과의 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 붉은멍게는 우렁쉥이에 비하여 관능적 특성이 우수하나 항산화활성이 미약한 바, 대량생산과 대중적 보급을 위한 추가적 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제20권7호
• /
• pp.12.1-12.7
• /
• 2017

Soft tunic syndrome (STS) is a protozoal disease caused by Azumiobodo hoyamushi in the edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. Previous studies have proven that combined formalin-hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) bath is effective in reducing STS progress and mortality. To secure target animal safety for field applications, toxicity of the treatment needs to be evaluated. Healthy ascidians were bathed for 1 week, 1 h a day at various bathing concentrations. Bathing with 5- and 10-fold optimum concentration caused 100% mortality of ascidians, whereas mortality by 0.5- to 2.0-fold solutions was not different from that of control. Of the oxidative damage parameters, MDA levels did not change after 0.5- and 1.0-fold bathing. However, free radical scavenging ability and reducing power were significantly decreased even with the lower-than-optimal 0.5-fold concentration. Glycogen content tended to increase with 1-fold bathing without statistical significance. All changes induced by the 2-fold bathing were completely or partially restored to control levels 48 h post-bathing. Free amino acid analysis revealed a concentration-dependent decline in aspartic acid and cysteine levels. In contrast, alanine and valine levels increased after the 2-fold bath treatment. These data indicate that the currently established effective disinfectant regimen against the parasitic pathogen is generally safe, and the biochemical changes observed are transient, lasting approximately 48 h at most. Low levels of formalin and $H_2O_2$ were detectable 1 h post-bathing; however, the compounds were completely undetectable after 48 h of bathing. Formalin-$H_2O_2$ bathing is effective against STS; however, reasonable care is required in the treatment to avoid unwanted toxicity. Drug residues do not present a concern for consumer safety.