Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (한국수산과학회)
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Biochemical changes and drug residues in ascidian Halocynthia roretzi after formalin-hydrogen peroxide treatment regimen designed against soft tunic syndrome

  • Lee, Ji-Hoon (Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Kim, Ju-Wan (Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Shin, Yun-Kyung (Southeast Sea Fisheries Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science) ;
  • Park, Kyung-Il (Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Park, Kwan Ha (Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University)
  • Received : 2017.03.13
  • Accepted : 2017.06.29
  • Published : 2017.07.31
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Abstract

Soft tunic syndrome (STS) is a protozoal disease caused by Azumiobodo hoyamushi in the edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. Previous studies have proven that combined formalin-hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) bath is effective in reducing STS progress and mortality. To secure target animal safety for field applications, toxicity of the treatment needs to be evaluated. Healthy ascidians were bathed for 1 week, 1 h a day at various bathing concentrations. Bathing with 5- and 10-fold optimum concentration caused 100% mortality of ascidians, whereas mortality by 0.5- to 2.0-fold solutions was not different from that of control. Of the oxidative damage parameters, MDA levels did not change after 0.5- and 1.0-fold bathing. However, free radical scavenging ability and reducing power were significantly decreased even with the lower-than-optimal 0.5-fold concentration. Glycogen content tended to increase with 1-fold bathing without statistical significance. All changes induced by the 2-fold bathing were completely or partially restored to control levels 48 h post-bathing. Free amino acid analysis revealed a concentration-dependent decline in aspartic acid and cysteine levels. In contrast, alanine and valine levels increased after the 2-fold bath treatment. These data indicate that the currently established effective disinfectant regimen against the parasitic pathogen is generally safe, and the biochemical changes observed are transient, lasting approximately 48 h at most. Low levels of formalin and $H_2O_2$ were detectable 1 h post-bathing; however, the compounds were completely undetectable after 48 h of bathing. Formalin-$H_2O_2$ bathing is effective against STS; however, reasonable care is required in the treatment to avoid unwanted toxicity. Drug residues do not present a concern for consumer safety.

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References

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