• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.855-874
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• 2012

This research aimed to obtain basic data for elementary school students to form proper concepts by comparing the science gifted students and the ordinary students of elementary school with regard to the groundwater concept, formation process, existence forms, and movement. The research subjects were 65 fifth and sixth graders of the elementary school students and the spatial ability test was conducted on the subjects, and 4 science gifted students and 8 ordinary students chosen from the subjects were analyzed using half-structured interview data and ground water drawing drawn by the students. The conclusion derived in accordance with the research purpose is summarized as follows. It was found that there were no great differences in the answers to the question asking what groundwater is between the science gifted elementary school students with high spatial ability and the ordinary elementary school students with moderate spatial ability. The ordinary students with low spatial ability tended to regard groundwater as the concept of water and sewage. In the concept of the formation process of groundwater, the science gifted elementary school students with high spatial ability explained it by citing diverse surface water such as rainfall, river water, lake, and waterfall, and the ordinary elementary school students with moderate spatial ability all mentioned only rainfall and river water and could not explain diverse spatial factors. The ordinary elementary school students with low spatial ability mentioned rainfall and river water and perceived that groundwater was formed artificially. In the concept regarding the existence form of groundwater, the ordinary elementary school students with low spatial ability could not think of space perception that small pore space exists in earth or soil in the ground. The science gifted elementary school students with high spatial ability knew that groundwater exists in pore space with regarding groundwater movement, the ordinary elementary school students with low spatial ability thought that there was no groundwater movement and that it could be moved only by artificial facilities. There were differences in the perception of pore space and in the perception of existence and non-existence of groundwater movement accordingly, but for most of the elementary school students, the concept of groundwater was formed differently from the scientific concept. It is considered that most of the elementary school students formed erroneous concept about groundwater and could not connect ground water under the surface of the earth with the substances forming its surroundings with regard to the concept of groundwater.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.346-362
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• 2021

A sediment control dam is an artificial structure built to prolong sedimentation in the main dam by reducing the inflow of suspended solids. These dams can affect changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water body by changing the river flow regime. The main DOM component for Yeongju Dam sediment control of the Naeseongcheon River was analyzed through 3D excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and parallel factor (PARAFAC) analyses. As a result, four humic-like components (C1~C3, C5), and three proteins, tryptophan-like components (C2, C6~C7) were detected. Among DOM components, humic-like components (autochthonous: C1, allochthonous: C2~C3) were found to be dominant during the sampling period. The total amount of DOM components and the composition ratio of each component did not show a difference for each depth according to the amount of available light (100%, 12%, and 1%). Throughout the study period, the allochthonous organic matter was continuously decomposing and converting into autochthonous organic matter; the DOM indices (fluorescence index, humification index, and freshness index) indicated the dominance of autochthonous organic matter in the river. Considering the relative abundance of cyanobacteria and that the number of bacteria cells and rotifers increased as autochthonous organic matter increased, it was suggested that the algal bloom and consequent activation of the microbial food web was affected by the composition of DOM in the water body. Research on DOM characteristics is important not only for water quality management but also for understanding the cycling of matter through microbial food web activity.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.203-216
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• 2003

The process of constructing coastal digital elevation model(DEM), for the 3 dimensional analysis, is composed by abstracting land layers for land elevation and water depth, reprojecting UTM, relocating geographical grid, and interpolating works. The geomorphic set of shallow sea, including tidal current, tidal zone deposition, and water depth distribution, was analyzed by eye search of Landsat TM image, masking of land zone, band combination and regression analysis. Some horizontal differences, between combined DEM and surveyed data of shallow sea, was corrected for analysis. Analyzed geomorphic elements are stream channel, alluvial fan, coastal terrace, tidal current. and shallow sea bank. Results of analysis present that transported fluvial materials influence tidal sedimentation, especially from Gahwacheon river, for the role of artificial draining flooding waters from Jinyang Reservoir, almost in the summer season. In the coastal area with less tidal current, more fine materials are deposited. The influence of currental deposition are higher on small pockets with west coast of well developed terraces. The lower skirt of alluvial fans developed into the tidal zone of shallow sea. Small pocket type bays are closed by coastal current, and less influenced from tidal deposition. The bank of Jinju Bay are developed originally from submerging of remnant erosional mountain ranges, and play on the role of trapping fine materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2013

The object of this research is to elicit the ecological wetland's creating and maintaining conditions through GIS and AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) on common characteristics of wetland, by exploring the function of the long-standing and naturally created wetlands in South Han-river basin. Geomorphological, geologic, hydraulic & hydrological, pedological, environmental & ecological approaches of five categorizations were made based on the documents and precedent studies in order to perform the research object. Elicitation of the common creating and maintaining conditions on the objected wetlands through analysis of satisfactory conditions was conducted by performing an overlay analysis from the gathered information in each category and linking its result to each wetland. Also, elicitation of highly believable qualified analysis result was made by calculating the each factor's weight through application of AHP analysis method on each factor. The research result is expected to be applied effectively in suitability selection for creation of an artificial wetland and restoration and maintenance for naturally created wetlands when introducing the No Net Loss of Wetlands. In addition, with a new understanding on wetland and beyond the value of its conservativeness, this research result can be considered as a solution for Eco-Wetland's maintainable development.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.64-73
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• 2010

This research collected some multi-image information of Nakdong River Estuary Eulsukdo area in last 30 years, which are used as the basis information in running the qualitative analysis of the topography relief's deformation. First, to obtain the data, this research carried out a field survey and GCP measurement, then classified and collected the image information by analog and digital image. The acquired images which have passed a high-precise scan process and geometric correction is manufactured by Ortho Mosaic image, then divided them into 9 sections time period classification before we run a qualitative analysis. In late of 1980's there are many changes of environmental topography deformation of the Eulsukdo area which caused by large scale building constructions, appeared to be known through this research. And then in late of 1990's, we organized the wild cultivated lands, started the wetland restoration of the artificial ecology, in 2000's we are able to know the existence of topograph relief change which caused by big scale of bridge construction. Hereafter, in this quick process of the environmental and topographical change of this area caused by the 4 major rivers restoration project, the analysis results of this experiment are expected to be something applicable as important basic data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.518-524
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• 2013

A pilot-scale test-bed was operated employing three soils with different grain sizes dredged from the Nakdong River to obtain the design and operation parameters of the multi-purpose filtration pond, such as the filtrate productivity of the filter sand, the appropriate removal period of the surface clogging and the contaminant removal efficiency. The cross-flow velocities were applied stepwise ranging from 0 to 40 cm/sec in order to simulate the various velocities in the artificial stream of the pond. Results showed that a filtrate production rate of 5~3 $m^3/m^2-day$ was maintained by removing the surface clogging every 7 to 13 days and that the filtrate quality was not affected by the factors of the filtrate production rate, the grain size of the filter sand and the cross-flow velocity. Results also showed that most of the removal occurred within 50 cm of the top soil and that the removal efficiencies with the filtration distance of 2.4 m were 80~95% for turbidity, 20~30% for COD, 75~90% for BOD, 5~20% for total nitrogen and 20~60% for total phosphorus, which suggested that particulate matters had a high removal efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.53-67
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• 1993

In December of 1989 and 1990, matured adults of chum salmon were collected from Namdae-chun River in Yangyang-gun, Kangwon-do, Korea. Artificial insemination was made at captured locations. The fertilized eggs were hatched in trough incubators and the larvae were reared in laboratories of the Yangyang Fisheries Institute and the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute. The fertilized eggs of this species were demersal and separated, and red in color with mean diameter of 7.2mm. The hatching took place from 480 to 531 degree($^{\circ}C$) days after fertilization. The newly hatched alevins were 1.80 to 2.56cm in total length with big yolk and lied on the bottom. In 35 days after hatching, the alevin attained $3.56{\pm}0.12cm$ in total length, and absorbed the yolk completely to become fry with 7 to 11 parr marks on the body. In 3 months after hatching, and the fries became smolt with silvery scales haring 5.67-6.53cm in total length. The early larval developments of chum salmon could be divided into three stages according to the changes in body shapes and length : larval stage before swim up, swim up stage and smolt stage. The growth of snout, trunk and body height to total length were faster than other body parts in swim up stage.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2003

Geochemical characteristics of groundwater in the different kinds of various lithology such as Haman formation, Panyaweol formation, Jusan andesitic formation and Palgongsan granite is distinguished by mineralogical and chemical compositions. The Concentration of the majority of solutes in groundwaters of Haman and Panyaweol formation is higher than in that of andesite and granite. Higher concentration of $HCO_3^{-}{\;}and{\;}SO_4^{2-}$ anions in the groundwater is peculiar. High concentrations of $Ca^{2+},{\;}Mg^{2+},{\;}HCO_3^{-}$ in the groundwaters of the sedimentary rocks result mainly from reaction of $CO^{2-}$ charged water with calcite and weathered feldspars. With the Piper diagram, the groundwaters of Haman formations are mainly plotted in $CaSO_4-CaCl_2$ type, whereas those of Panyaweol formations are plotted in the bothside of $Ca(HCO_3)_2{\;}and{\;}CaSO_4-CaCl_2$ type. Thses two different types of $Ca(HCO_3)_2{\;}and{\;}CaSO_4-CaCl_2$ groundwater were originated from dissolution of calcite($Ca(HCO_3)_2)$ and the oxidation of pyrite($CaSO_4-CaCl_2$), respectively. And it also is influenced by anthropogenic contamination. Three factors were extracted from the factor analysis for chemical data. Factor 1, controlled by $SO_4^{2-},{\;}Na^{+},{\;}Ca^{2+}$ and Fe, explains the dissolution of calcite, plagioclase and oxidation of pyrite. Factor 2, controlled by $HCO_3^{-}{\;}and{\;}Mg^{2+}$, mainly explains the dissolution of Mg-carbonates and dolomitization. Factor 3, controlled by $Cl^{-},{\;}K^{+}{\;}and{\;}NO_3^{-}$, is subject to the influence of artificial pollution including industrial waste water disposal. In this study area, some industrial complex which is close to Keumho river show the higher score of factor 3.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.283-289
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• 2004

This study was conducted to evaluate the annual population variation and identification of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the lower artificial Lake Geumgang from January to December, 2002. Samples were taken from the surface waters at 3 stations near the estuarine barrage. The results were as follows; the population densities of heterotrophic bacteria varied from 4.1±1.0×10² to 6.7±1.1×10³ cfu ml/sup -1/ during the investigation periods. The population densities of antibiotic-resistant bacteria ranged from 1.5±0.7×10 to 4.3±0.3×10³ cfu ml/sup -1/ for ampicillin; from 0 to 6.4±0.4× 10² cfu ml/sup -1/ for chloramphenicol; from 0 to 2.8±0.3×10³ cfu ml/sup -1/ for gentamicin; from 0 to 4.5±1.0×10³ cfu ml/sup -1/ for kanamycin; and from 1.0±0.4 × 10 to 2.3±0.5×10³ cfu ml/sup -1/ for streptomycin, respectively. Of the sixty isolates, 90% were Gram negative. Dominant genera by 16S rDNA analysis were identified Aeromonas spp. (14 strains), Bacillus spp. (6 strains), Enterobacter spp. (4 strains), and Stenotrophomonas spp. (6 strains). These strains were clustered into 12 groups based on relatedness by average linkage method. Of the 60 isolates, 85% had the resistance to ampicilin and 32% were shown resistance to more than 2 kinds of antibiotics.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.499-505
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• 2015

Trend Impact Analysis(: TIA) is an advanced forecasting tool used in futures studies for identifying, understanding and analyzing the consequences of unprecedented events on future trends. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system is a kind of artificial neural network that integrates both neural networks and fuzzy logic principles, It is considered to be a universal estimator. In this paper, we propose an advanced mechanism to generate more justifiable estimates to the probability of occurrence of an unprecedented event as a function of time with different degrees of severity using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(: ANFIS). The key idea of the paper is to enhance the generic process of reasoning with fuzzy logic and neural network by adding the additional step of attributes simulation, as unprecedented events do not occur all of a sudden but rather their occurrence is affected by change in the values of a set of attributes. An ANFIS approach is used to identify the occurrence and severity of an event, depending on the values of its trigger attributes. The trigger attributes can be calculated by a stochastic dynamic model; then different scenarios are generated using Monte-Carlo simulation. To compare the proposed method, a simple simulation is provided concerning the impact of river basin drought on the annual flow of water into a lake.