• Anxiety and mood
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.14-17
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• 2005

By the influence of the descriptive approach of DSM-III, the anxiety became the same thing as the anxiety disorder to the clinicians. This unfortunate result sacrificed psychodynamic model of symptom formations and simplified the anxiety as one of the disease entity not as the overdetermined symptoms. These phenomenon awakened the psychoanalytic interest which was in sleep. Freud was the first major articulator of the basic significance of anxiety in human behavior. He attributed the particular quality of the anxiety experience to the trauma of birth, and subsequently to the fear of castration. Such classification of the anxiety according to the psychosexual development is helpful for the clinicians in understanding the origin of anxiety which the patient shows during the psychotherapy. The other analytical view of interpersonal psychoanalysis came from Sullivan. A large part of his therapy is taken up with recognizing and correcting parataxic distortions that interfere with realistic self-appraisal of events and of oneself in relation to others. Perhaps no explanation is the 'most basic' explanation for human anxiety. Anxiety is a multifaceted entity consisting of aspects of realm of discourse. Existential anxiety is inescapable in Western culture but it can be transcended by the cultivation of mind in Eastern culture. The analysts need to stay attuned to their own propensities for anxiety and must permit their own experiences with anxiety to be the grist for the psychotherapeutic mill.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2001

The success of complete denture prosthesis is to satisfy three basic requirements for the edentulous patient : maximum comfort, efficiency, and esthetic appearance. This can be achieved only if the dentures are both stable and retentive. When the residual alveolar ridge has resorbed significantly, stability and retention are more dependent on the correct position of the teeth and external surfaces of the denture. The stability and retention of the denture can be improved by locating the denture in the neutral zone and reproducing exact mandibular border movement for balanced occlusion. The neutral zone philosophy is based upon the concept that there exists a specific area where the musculature function will not unseat the denture in the mouth. In here, forces generated by the tongue are neutralized by the forces generated by the lips and cheeks. One of the simplest methods for recording border movements in three dimensions is to make stereographic record of condylar movement. Stereographs are made in the mouth during mandibular movement with intraoral clutches and central bearing point, and used in dictating the condylar movement on the articulator later by generating the condylar paths in doughy acrylic resin. Its procedure is simpler and more convenient than that of Pantograph. In this clinical report, we introduce the concept of neutral zone and stereograph in complete denture fabrication.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.313-318
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• 2001

Masticatory function is more important than esthetics in posterior fixed restoration. The usual technique-mounting the casts on a semi-adjustable articulator, etc. -cannot make all patients satisfied with their restorations. For example, functionally generated path technique can be an easier and more satisfactory method in the restoration of group function. These clinical reports describe various approaches for occlusal restoration of relatively simple posterior fixed protheses according to patients occlusal patterns. The 3-unit bridge restoration is one of the most popular treatment options in prosthodontics. Because dentists have much experiences of it, they restore a missing span of one tooth mechanically, that is, without special consideration. While esthetics is important in making an anterior 3-unit fixed prostheses, mastication is more focused on in posterior 3-unit bridge restoration. Many dentists are concerned about various aspects in esthetics, such as morphology of the tooth, value, chroma, hue, translucency, surface texture, etc. But they do not usually consider various methods to restore occlusion. They treat one-tooth-missing area in a similar way in spite of patients having variety of occlusal patterns. Three cases are presented here in 3 or 4-unit bridge restoration. They show some methods to restore patients' occlusal patterns.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.17-27
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• 2020

This paper examines kinematic characteristics of /pk/ clusters, as compared to /kk/ and /pp/ with varying vowel contexts and speech rate. The results of EMMA data from eight Seoul-Korean speakers indicate as follows. Firstly, comparing /pk/ to /pp/ sequences, lips closing movement was faster and spatially greater in the /a/-to-/a/ context while temporally longer in the /i/-to-/i/ context. It was smaller in spatial displacement and shorter in temporal duration in /pk/ sequences. Peak velocity did not vary. Secondly, comparing /pk/ with /pp/ and /kk/ controls, lip aperture was less constricted in the /a/-to-/a/ context than /i/-to-/i/, but the maximum contact between the upper and lower lips was invariant across different vocalic contexts within /pk/ sequences (/apka/=/ipki/). Categorical reduction of C1 in /pk/ sequences fell in with the low-vowel and fast-rate conditions with across-/within-speaker variability. Gradient reduction of C1 was observed in all C1C2 types, being more frequent in fast rate. Lastly, the jaw articulator was a stable indicator of rate effects. The implication of the current study is that gestural reduction occurs with categorical reduction and general spatiotemporal weakening in the assimilating contexts, while quantitative properties of gestures may be a reason for gradient reduction, not necessarily confined to place assimilation.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.16 no.2 s.105
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• pp.123-128
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• 1978

Sometimes in clinic, we have found that cast crown construction is necessary to fit the existing partial denture clasp, when the abutment is involved with caries, a failing restoration, periodontal disease, or fracture. This is important not only to protect the abutment tooth from missing, but to restore retention, bracing and support for partial denture. For constructing the cast crown, several methods have been reported by many of previous authors. The number of techniques reported during the past are ideal but have uncertain results However, with more improved and practical technic developed by me, the problem becomes more successful. One method in which does not need the laboratory technecian is the wax pattern has been made in chairside waxing by doctor himself. The other in which requires the laboratory technician is to use special impression method and articulator for laboratory waxing. In one case of the reported here, we have successful results in restoring the abutment with cast crown for original denture clasp.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.448-456
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to evaluate suitable anterior reference point similar to esthetic reference plane of the patient while transferring the suitable facebow. So those who live in Pusan with the normal occlusal relationship were chosen as subjects. The esthetic reference planes determined by the participants themselves and the superior reference line (anterior reference point) in Hanau & Denar articulator were compared with F-H plane in the standard lateral cephalogram. The results were as follows. 1. The angle between the esthetic reference plane and F-H plane was $2.81{\pm}5.7^{\circ}$. 2. The reference line, 43mm from Beyron point to the edge of the upper incisor, was the reference plane that had the closest paralleled relationship with the esthetic reference plane. 3. Transferring with ear piece type face-bow, the anterior reference point that showed the esthetic reference plane was 17mm below orbitale or 43mm above, the edge of the upper incisor.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 1986

A study of occlusal relationship and TMJ dysfunction, parafunctional relationship and TMJ dysfunction using PRI was investigated in 23 dental students without history of being treated, ranging from 19 to 24 years old. The author used Denar Pantronic and D5-A articulator to study above. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Distribution of PRI in experimental subjects was as follows. None 13%, Slight 43%, Moderate 40%, Severe 4% Prevalance of TMJ Dysfunction was 87% 2. PRI scores of occlusal group Aoi (less than 5 in Helkimo occlusion/articulation index) was $11.72\pm2.32$ , those of occlusal group Boi (more than 5 in Helkimo occlusion/articulation index) 23.0 $\pm$ 8.06. There was a significant difference between group Aoi and group Boi(P<0.01) 3. PRI scores of occlusal group Ald (no eccentric interference, less than 0.5mm in lateral shift of slide in centric) was 12.0 $\pm$ 2.49, those of occlusal group Bld(no eccentric interference, less than 0.5mm in lateral shift of slide in centric) 24.5$\pm$5.33 There was a significant difference between group Ald and group Bld(P<0.05) 4. Prevalance of parafunction subjects(%) was 65.2%. 5. PRI scores of parafunction group was 21.6 $\pm$ 9.48, those of nonparafunctional group 18.7 $\pm$ 9.06. There was not significant difference between parafunctional group and nonparafunctional group(P>0.1)

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of changes in the horizontal plane angle on the mesiodistal width ratios of the maxillary anterior teeth during the acquisition of frontal view photographs, derive these ratios for Korean adults on the basis of the data obtained, and analyze them using the Golden Proportion as a reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In experiment I, 30 plaster casts were mounted on an articulator and positioned on the angle-measuring device with a center setting of $0^{\circ}$. The device was rotated to $10^{\circ}$ in $1^{\circ}$ increments in a counterclockwise direction. At each angle, photographs were obtained and analyzed. Experiment II was based on 60 patients who visited the Department of Prosthodontics at Kyungpook National University Dental Hospital from February 2012 to February 2015. The patients were divided into three groups [Male (M), Female (F), Total (M + F)]. Frontal views were obtained for all groups and analyzed. RESULTS. From $1^{\circ}$ to $10^{\circ}$, the relative mesiodistal width ratios for the maxillary anterior teeth showed no significant differences from those at $0^{\circ}$. In all three groups, the relative width ratio of the maxillary central incisor was smaller than that specified in the Golden Proportion; the opposite was true for the canine. CONCLUSION. Our results suggest that the mesiodistal width ratios of the maxillary anterior teeth do not follow the Golden Proportion in Korean adults, and that a change in the horizontal plane angle from $1^{\circ}$ to $10^{\circ}$ during frontal photography does not affect these ratios.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2004

The prosthodontic treatment of Class II division 2 malocclusions is challenging. Ideally, these malocclusions should be identified at an early age and corrected with orthodontic treatment; otherwise, the individual develops a habitual position characterized by deep overbite and significant retruded position of mandibular condyle at the TMjoint fossa. This article describes a clinical protocol for the occlusal rehabilitation of patients with Class II div.2 malocclusions. Within this protocol, an occlusal splint was used to locate the most suitable maxillary-mandibular relationship for function and range of motion. The splint increased the vertical dimension and reduced pain on TMjoints. After transfer this relationship to an articulator for fabrication of provisional restorations, the CR position and centric prematurity contact between maxilla and mandible was used to determine the tentative vertical dimension of occlusion(VDO). The amount of elevation of VDO was decided on the articulated model. The provisional restorations were accurately transfered to a patient's mouth in clinical procedures using tattoo points. The final restoration was delivered after some trial periods with provisional restorations. The theory behind this protocol and its associated clinical procedures is presented along with a discussion.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.197-203
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• 2007

Statement of problem: It is very important to establish the suitable position for artificial maxillary anterior teeth and the orientation of occlusal plane in fabrication of the complete dentures. Incisive papilla has been considered the most useful anatomic landmark in the arranging of a maxillary anterior artificial teeth. Purpose: To determine correct position of upper anterior artificial teeth in complete denture patients, relationship of incisive papilla, intercanine line, occlusal plane were evaluated in Korean adults. Materials and Method: Maxillary casts were made in 60 Korean dentate subjects. Each cast was mounted in Hanau modular articulator using Hanau spring bow. Then, anatomic landmarks were determined in each cast. Distance from central incisor to incisive papilla, distance from incisive papilla to intercanine line and discrepancies between frankfurt plane and occlusal plane were measured and analysed. Results: 1. The mean distance between the posterior point of incisive papilla and the incisal edge of central incisor was 11.20 mm (in male 11.77 mm, in female 10.55 mm) and there was no significant difference in measured values between male and female 2. The mean distance between the posterior point of incisive papilla and intercanine line was 2.52 mm (Male 2.57 mm, Female 2.35 mm) and there were no significant differencies in measured values between male and female 3. The mean discripancy between the Frankfurt plane and the occlusal plane were 9. 75 degree (Male 9.81 degree, Female 9.55 degree), and there was no significant difference in measured values between left and right sides.