• 제목/요약/키워드: Article writing

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A Case of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor with Neurofibromatosis Type 1

  • Choi, Sang Kyu;Kim, Cheol Keun;Kim, Soon Heum;Jo, Dong In
    • Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.23-25
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    • 2017
  • The malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) originates from neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Because NF1 patients have many accompaniments with growth of additional masses, they usually overlook potential malignant changes in their masses. Our patient had two growing mass near the left elbow for several months; however, she ignored these masses until 7 days prior to writing this article, at which time they began bleeding. Traditionally, sarcoma including MPNST treatment consisted of amputation of the involved extremity. However, treatment now consists of surgical resection with adjuvant therapy. Therefore, we conducted resection of the mass and subsequent coverage with a local advancement flap. We believe that the most effective treatment for MPNST is early diagnosis and fast surgery, coupled with notification that there is always potential for malignant change in NF1 patient's masses.

『동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元)』 「광제설(廣濟說)」의 결론에 대한 고찰 (A Study on the Conclusion of 「Gwangjeseol」 in 『Dongeuisusebowon』)

  • 황사비;이준희
    • 사상체질의학회지
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2020
  • Objective The purpose of this study was to understand the conclusion of 「Gwangjeseol」 in 『Dongeuisusebowon』 in a more accurate sense. Method We examined the basic viewpoint of Lee je-ma in 「Seongmyeonglon」 in 『Dongeuisusebowon』. Based on the interpretation of the 「Seongmyeonglon」, the viewpoints described in the pathology theory of 『Dongeuisusebowon』 were examined. In addition to 『Dongeuisusebowon』, we looked for contents related to "TuHyeonJilNeung" and "HoHyeonNagSeon" in Lee je-ma's book 『Gyukchigo』 and 『Dongmuyugo』. Result We have found that the meanings of the words "TuHyeonJilNeung" and "HoHyeonNagSeon" in the last article of 「Gwangjeseol」 are not limited to just the 「Gwangjeseol」, but contain the meaning of a topic that runs through the entire book. According to the 『Gyukchigo』 and 『Dongmuyugo』, the meaning of "TuHyeonJilNeung" is related to the "Sa-Bang-Il-Yog", and the "Sa-Bang-Il-Yog" is the "ilsimjiyog" that prevents the practice of "Ji-Haeng". This concept is the same as the concept of "Ji-Haeng" in 「Seongmyeonglon」, the first unit of 『Dongeuisusebowon』. Conclusion It is considered that Lee je-ma wanted to emphasize the reason and mindset to do "Ji-Haeng" by writing the end of the 「Gwangjeseol」, which is the last part of 『Dongeuisusebowon』.

Yorick's "besoin de Voyager": Mobility and Sympathy in Laurence Sterne's Sentimental Journey

  • Choi, Ja Yun
    • 영어영문학
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    • 제64권1호
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    • pp.117-133
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    • 2018
  • This article examines Laurence Sterne's Sentimental Journey in the context of eighteenth-century British travel literature. While literary critics generally read Sterne's work as a sentimental novel, contemporary readers initially interpreted the text as a travel narrative. It is my argument that travel writing, particularly the motion entailed in travelling, plays a significant role in Sterne's critical examination of sympathy and its cultural function during this period. By narrating in great detail his narrator Yorick's mobility and the effects it has on his sentimental encounters, Sterne illustrates how sympathy is not only difficult to activate and therefore requires added stimulation in the form of motion, but also does not necessarily result in charitable actions, a moral failure that is dramatized by the literal distance Yorick maintains from the objects of his sympathy. Calling to mind the figurative distance that constitutes an integral part of Adam Smith's formulation of sympathy in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, the distance Yorick establishes through his travels indicates sympathy's failure to bridge the emotional and socioeconomic distance between individuals, thereby highlighting sympathy's limitations as a moral instrument. I argue that by using Yorick's repeated acts of sympathy to explore the problems of sentimentalism, Sterne both draws from and innovates the tradition of employing imaginary voyages to engage in philosophical inquiries.

Discoveries, Voiceovers, and Greek Poetry: the Colonization of Lands, Languages, and Literatures in James Joyce's Ulysses and Anne Carson's Autobiography of Red

  • Omnus, Wiebke
    • 영어영문학
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    • 제56권6호
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    • pp.1027-1045
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    • 2010
  • What does an Irish modernist have in common with a contemporary Canadian classicist? The present paper attempts an unlikely comparison to bring out previously unnoticed facets of meaning by analyzing James Joyce's Ulysses (1922) and Anne Carson's Autobiography of Red: A Novel in Verse (1998) together. While Joyce and Carson write at different times and in different places, I suggest that they are also remarkably similar. First, both of these authors can be said to have re-invented the genre of the novel in the two aforementioned works. Second, they both set themselves the task of re-writing a Greek text, in Joyce's case Homer's Odyssey, in Carson's case Stesichoros's Geryoneis, transferring it to their own present reality. The focus of the article is to read Ulysses and Autobiography of Red together in light of their engagement with colonialism. This concept is central to both novels, as literary critics have noted. However, rather than examining the concept in the traditional sense, I use it as a platform to examine the roles that sociolinguistic colonialism, and what I call literary colonialism, play in these two innovative and groundbreaking novels. Finally, I analyze the ways in which these authors position themselves against the tradition. Comparing works by Carson and Joyce allows me to arrive at conclusions that transcend their time and apply to humanity in general.

"태소(太素) . 경맥병해(經脈病解)"에 대한 연구 (Study on The explanation of channel disease in "Tai Su(太素)".)

  • 이용범
    • 대한한의학원전학회지
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.151-169
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    • 2007
  • The "Tai Su(太素)" which was published by Yang Shang Shan(楊上善) during the Tang(唐) dynasty does not follow complicating hand down procedures allowing it to be preserved in a relatively satisfactory state, and the book is evaluated as a major article in the study of the "Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic(黃帝內經)" in the modern age. The book of "Tai Su explanation of channel diseases(太素 經脈病解)" offers the detailed description of disease symptoms found in the book of "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)", and Yang Shang Shan(楊上善) provided relatively complete explanations from the perspective of the wane and wax of shadow and sunshine powers(陰陽消長). The present writing was projected to acknowledge the relationship between the books of "Tai Su explanation of channel diseases(太素 經脈病解)" and "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)" and substantially attempted to understand the original text of the "Tai Su(太素)" by adopting the perspectives of Yang Shang Shan(楊上善) in explaining the disease symptoms as he attempted in the book of "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)". Total 50 disease symptoms were explained in the book of "Tai Su explanation of channel diseases(太素 經脈病解)", and 33 of them are common to the symptoms described in the book of "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)" by taking up about 66% of the book. The monthly attachment(月別配屬) of three shadow and three sunshine power(三陰三陽), which is described in the book of "Tai Su explanation of channel diseases(太素 經脈病解)" provides an important clue in understanding the exterior and interior(表裏) relationship, and the crucial perspective lies on the mutual intensity change of shadow and sunshine powers. Therefore, the monthly attachment of three shadow and three sunshine power provided by the present article helps to understand the meaning of the three shadow and three sunshine power along with the time attachment(時間配屬) described in the other chapter of the "Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic(黃帝內經)". In the method of explaining pathogenesis, the explanation was made by understanding the perspective of mutual intensity change of shadow and sunshine powers, and exterior and interior relationship along with the channel Path(經脈流注) have been used simultaneously. In the comment of the main article, Yang Shang Shan(楊上善) stated the channels of hands and feet(手足經脈) as the scope of the three shadow and three sunshine power, but the symptoms and signs are mainly focused on the channels of feet as in the book of "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)".

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감염과 변이 -H. P. 러브크래프트의 소설과 『Project LC. RC』에 대하여 (Infection and Mutation - On the H. P. Lovecraft's fiction and "Project LC. RC")

  • 복도훈
    • 대중서사연구
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.13-44
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    • 2021
  • 이 글은 코로나19바이러스 팬데믹을 통한 감염의 공포와 인간 종의 급격한 위상 변화를 H. P. 러브크래프트의 소설과 『Project LC. RC』를 통해 살펴보고자 한다. 전 지구적 기이함이라고 할 수 있는 팬데믹 사태와 기후변화는 생태계 내에서의 인간 종의 지위와 역사를 근본적으로 되묻는다. 러브크래프트의 위어드 픽션에 등장하는 공포의 크리처와 우주적 무관심주의는 오늘날의 전 지구적 기이함을 밝히는데 도움을 준다는 점에서 동시대적이다. 그러나 러브크래프트의 인종주의는 그의 우주적 공포의 정체에 대한 보다 근본적인 질문을 던지도록 한다. 『Project LC. RC』는 러브크래프트의 소설에서 논란이 되는 인종주의와 여성혐오를 다시 쓰는 문화적 변용의 작업이다. 변용은 러브크래프트적인 공포에 감염되면서도 그것의 변이를 창출하는 작업이다. 이 글은 우선 그러한 변용을 유도하는 러브크래프트의 소설이 갖는 창조적 힘에 주목했다. 그리고 이러한 전제 아래 이서영, 은림, 김보영의 러브크래프트 소설 다시쓰기의 의미를 비체, 식물 크리처, 공생의 이미지와 모티프 분석을 통해 밝히고자 했다. 구체적으로는 남근적인 공포를 환기하는 러브크래프트의 크리처는 여성주의적 다시쓰기를 통해 여성들의 절망을 끌어안고 위무하는 비체의 이미지(『낮은 곳으로 임하소서』), 여성에게 피난처를 제공하는 식물적인 크리처(<우물 속의 색채>), 돌봄과 공생의 크리처(『역병의 바다』)로 뒤바뀐다. 이러한 다시쓰기는 노동, 돌봄, 연대와 같은 가치를 작품 속에 구현한다는 점에서 동시대적 의의가 있다. 결론에서는 앞서의 수정주의적 글쓰기로 축소되지 않는 러브크래프트 소설의 창조적 변용의 또 다른 힘에 주목하고자 했다.

FTA(자유무역협정)에서 투자자 대 국가간 분쟁해결을 위한 국제중재제도 (The International Arbitration System for the Settlement of Investor-State Disputes in the FTA)

  • 이강빈
    • 무역상무연구
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    • 제38권
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    • pp.181-226
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this paper is to describe the settling procedures of the investor-state disputes in the FTA Investment Chapter, and to research on the international arbitration system for the settlement of the investor-state disputes under the ICSID Convention and UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. The UNCTAD reports that the cumulative number of arbitration cases for the investor-state dispute settlement is 290 cases by March 2008. 182 cases of them have been brought before the ICSID, and 80 cases of them have been submitted under the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. The ICSID reports that the cumulative 263 cases of investor-state dispute settlement have been brought before the ICSID by March 2008. 136 cases of them have been concluded, but 127 cases of them have been pending up to now. The Chapter 11 Section B of the Korea-U.S. FTA provides for the Investor_State Dispute Settlement. Under the provisions of Section B, the claimant may submit to arbitration a claim that the respondent has breached and obligation under Section A, an investment authorization or an investment agreement and that the claimant has incurred loss or damage by reason of that breach. Provided that six months have elapsed since the events giving rise to the claim, a claimant may submit a claim referred to under the ICSID Convention and the ICSID Rules of Procedure for Arbitration Proceedings; under the ICSID Additional Facility Rules; or under the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. The ICSID Convention provides for the jurisdiction of the ICSID(Chapter 2), arbitration(Chapter 3), and replacement and disqualification of arbitrators(Chapter 5) as follows. The jurisdiction of the ICSID shall extend to any legal dispute arising directly out of an investment, between a Contracting State and a national of another Contracting State, which the parties to the dispute consent in writing to submit to the ICSID. Any Contracting State or any national of a Contracting State wishing to institute arbitration proceedings shall address a request to that effect in writing to the Secretary General who shall send a copy of the request to the other party. The tribunal shall consist of a sole arbitrator or any uneven number of arbitrators appointed as the parties shall agree. The tribunal shall be the judge of its own competence. The tribunal shall decide a dispute in accordance with such rules of law as may be agreed by the parties. Any arbitration proceeding shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Convention Section 3 and in accordance with the Arbitration Rules in effect on the date on which the parties consented to arbitration. The award of the tribunal shall be in writing and shall be signed by members of the tribunal who voted for it. The award shall deal with every question submitted to the tribunal, and shall state the reason upon which it is based. Either party may request annulment of the award by an application in writing addressed to the Secretary General on one or more of the grounds under Article 52 of the ICSID Convention. The award shall be binding on the parties and shall not be subject to any appeal or to any other remedy except those provided for in this Convention. Each Contracting State shall recognize an award rendered pursuant to this convention as binding and enforce the pecuniary obligations imposed by that award within its territories as if it were a final judgment of a court in that State. In conclusion, there may be some issues on the international arbitration for the settlement of the investor-state disputes: for example, abuse of litigation, lack of an appeals process, and problem of transparency. Therefore, there have been active discussions to address such issues by the ICSID and UNCITRAL up to now.

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고려시대 화물표 목간의 특징에 대한 고찰 - 중국 송·원대(宋·元代) 목간과의 비교를 중심으로 - (A study on the characteristics of Goryeo dynasty cargo tag mokkans In comparison with mokkans of the Song and Yuan dynasty)

  • 이연재
    • 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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    • 제54권4호
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    • pp.60-77
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    • 2021
  • 2007년부터 2011년에 걸쳐 충남 태안에서는 태안선과 마도 1호, 마도 2호, 마도 3호 등 4척의 고려시대 선박이 발견되었고 동시기 목간 175건이 함께 출수되었다. 태안의 목간은 고려시대 목간의 유일한 발견 사례이며, 서사 재료로서 종이가 목간을 대체한 시점에서 화물표[하찰목간]라는 특수한 용도로만 쓰이던 목간의 사용 실태를 보여준다. 태안 목간에는 운송과 관련한 연대, 수취인, 발송지, 화물 종류, 수량 및 단위, 발송 또는 선적 책임자 등의 정보가 적혀 있어 화물의 성격을 짐작할 수 있으며, 목간 내용의 기재 방식, 형태, 재료와 제작 방법 등의 고찰을 통해 고려 사람들이 선호했던 목간의 형태와 특징 등을 확인할 수 있다. 태안의 목간은 기재 양식상 정해진 틀이 없이 자율적으로 기록되었다. 또한 화물에 부착하기 위한 가장 효과적인 형태인 상단에 홈이 있는 목간이 가장 많이 사용되었으며, 제작 과정에서 작업의 효율성 제고, 제작 공정의 간소화를 우선시하였다. 태안의 목간은 같은 시기, 동일한 용도의 신안선 및 중국 복건성(福建省) 천주만(泉州灣) 해선(海船)의 목간과 비교해볼 수 있다. 기재 내용과 양식 면에서 중국의 목간은 화주(貨主)를 중심으로 표기하고, 태안의 목간은 수취인과 함께 다른 정보도 비교적 자세히 기재하였다. 형태 면에서 중국의 목간은 두께 1cm 이하이고 하단부를 뾰족하게 다듬었으나, 태안의 목간은 두께와 하단부 모양이 일정하지 않다는 점이 다르다. 또한 제작 방법과 재료 선택에서도 중국과 한국의 목간은 차이가 있다. 이는 국내 화물 운송용이었던 고려 선박과 국제 무역을 목적으로 하는 중국 선박의 운항 거리, 화물의 성격, 운송 관리 체계, 화물 포장 방식, 운송 주체와 관계가 있는 것으로 파악된다. 중국과의 비교는 대상 연구 자료의 부족으로 인해 단편적이라는 한계가 있으나 향후 고려 목간 연구의 지평을 넓히는 기초 자료가 되기를 기대한다.

뉴미디어 환경과 언론인 직업 규범의 변화: 리영희 언론정신을 통한 탐색연구 (The Change of Media and Emerging Journalistic Norm and Value: An exploration Based on the Young-hee Rhee's Idea)

  • 이봉현
    • 한국언론정보학보
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    • 제59권
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    • pp.31-49
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    • 2012
  • 디지털 미디어 기술 발달에 따라 언론인의 직업 규범과 가치가 어떻게 변하고 있는 지를 탐구하는 것이 이 논문의 목적이다. 먼저, 19세기 말 이래 확립된 객관주의, 전문직주의 언론 규범이 새로운 미디어 생태계에서 어떤 변화의 압력을 받고 있는 지를 파악했다. 미디어 환경의 변화는 직업 언론인의 직무 수행에 $\triangle$ 인식론 측면 $\triangle$ 전문직 정체성의 측면 $\triangle$ 독자와의 상호작용 측면에서 변화를 주고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이어 한국의 역사적 사회적 맥락에서 형성돼 공유되고 있는 언론 규범에 이런 일반적인 변화가 어떻게 투영되고 있는지를 중견 언론인들을 심층 인터뷰 해 조사했다. 인터뷰에 앞서 언론인들로 부터 '기자 정신'의 역할 모델로 인정받는 리영희 선생(1929~2010)의 언론사상을 도출해 비교의 준거로 활용했다. 즉, 이 연구는 $\triangle$실증적 글쓰기를 통한 실체적 진실 추구 $\triangle$전문성에의 열정 $\triangle$독자(민중) 와의 상호교육 등 리영희의 언론 정신으로 상징되는 한국적 언론 규범이 현재의 미디어 환경에서 어떻게 변화해 가고 있는 지를 살펴보는 탐색적 연구이다. 연구결과, 미디어 환경 변화에도 불구하고 언론인들은 실체적 진실추구, 전문성 추구, 심층 탐사보도 등 리영희의 언론정신으로 상징되는 전통 저널리즘의 규범과 가치가 직무 수행에서 여전히 중요한 지침이 된다고 보았다. 또 이런 정신이 현재 한국 저널리즘이 봉착한 위기를 극복하는 데도 긴요하다고 인식하고 있었다. 다만, 언론인들은 디지털 시대에는 이런 저널리즘의 가치를 열린 자세로 수용자와 밀접히 상호작용 함으로써 성취해야 한다고 인식하고 있었다. 진실을 가려 내 제시하는 '판별자'의 역할, 시민저널리스트와 전문가 블로거의 자원을 폭넓게 활용해 뉴스를 생산하는 '네트워크 연결점', 수많은 정보를 엮고 정리하는 '뉴스 코디네이터' 등으로 역할을 확장하는 등 새로운 미디어 기술이 제공하는 환경 변화에 능동적으로 대처해야 할 것으로 지적됐다.

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벨 에포크와 다다이즘 - 근대문화의 총체와 해체 (Belle Epoque and Dadaism in the Modern Culture)

  • 이병수
    • 비교문화연구
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    • 제33권
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    • pp.171-192
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    • 2013
  • The article is a research about the Belle Epoque era and Dadaism in the modern culture as a whole and separate. The years from 1890s to 1914, is known as the Belle Epoque era, in which the European continent including France had developed the climax of the modern culture after the Renaissance. At the same time, it was the period where the postmodern developments were being spread, leading to the present days. Moreover, the main ideologies in art that led to the cultural advancement of the time were impressionism, cubism, art nouveau, evolutionized painting category, symbolism and futurism. It was a literature category that was maintained to present Dadaism and surrealism. Dadaism began since the magazine, Bulletin Dada was published, originating in 1916 by Tristan Tzara of Zurich, Switzerland during the WWI. The extreme motto that the Dadaists supported was a contradiction, as they had to dissolve from their own art movements and expression techniques. However, until Andre Breton introduced 'Manifeste du Surrealisme' in 1924, the "Dada group" had a tremendous influence in France as an epicenter and rejected the modern cause and art that continued during the time, thus attempting its dissolution. First, they rejected the ideology, ethics and customs of rationalism from the previous system and demonstrate an anarchical and anti-bourgeoisie characteristic. They also reject the French lucid thoughts and the artistic techniques. They strongly emphasized on their motto "The idea is created from the mouth", while reframing from the philosophical ideology and at the same time, attempting to express the psychical unconsciousness. Second, the most important catchphrase that the Dadaists supported was the theory of negation. The question "Why do you write?" connotes the negative consciousness about the artistic value and the stereotyped method of the preexisting writing and drawing. Third, the Dadaists bring forward a radical query about all of the former esthetic and morals, and reveal an admirable resistance spirit. They emphasized on the slogan "Dada, means nothing" and insist on 'the anti-literal Dada, anti-artistic Dada, anti-musical Dada'. The Dadaist movement manifested their resistant spirit and the new artistic spirit through the publication of , , and most importantly through the magazine . Fourth, the Dadaists embodied the volume, density, and quality into an image through the auto-technical, cubistic writings and drawings. They ignored the fixed form of arrangements, verses, and rhymes of a poetic diction. The Dadaists utilized an unfamiliar and inversed expression method of applying the combination of the size of print, or capital letters and lowercase letters, even combining printed and handwritten writings. As presented, the auto-technical and cubistic characteristic of expressing the auto-psychical ideology into writing is called as the radical aesthetic and moral and can be considered as the most essential cause of the Dadaists' avant-garde features. As a conclusion, Dadaism demonstrated dual characteristics of consuming the nutritive elements of the modern culture through the most powerful resistance and liberation of the artistic movement of the Belle Epoque era, where at the same time, it deconstructed the modern art. By revolting against the former grounds and expression techniques, and dominating the era with the new artistic spirit, their resistant actions were artistic movements that symbolized the dissolution of the modern times. Moreover, the Dada's expressionism and resistance of saying "There's nothing" can be evaluated as postmodernity's initiative of outweighing the modern history and opening the door for new period of nowadays.