• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2011

Although the incidence of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears (PTRCTs) was reported to be from 13% to 32% in cadaveric studies, the actual incidence is not yet known. The causes of PTRCTs can be explained by either extrinsic or intrinsic theories. Studies suggest that intrinsic degeneration within the rotator cuff is the principal factor in the pathogenesis of rotator cuff tears. Extrinsic causes include subacromial impingement, acute traumatic events, and repetitive microtrauma. However, acromially initiated rotator cuff pathology does not occur and extrinsic impingement does not cause pathology on the articular side of the tendon. An arthroscopic classification system has been developed based on the location and depth of the tear. These include the articular, bursal, and intratendinous areas. Both ultrasound and magnetic resonance image are reported with a high accuracy of 87%. Conservative treatment, such as subacromial or intra-articular injections and suprascapular nerve block with or without block of the articular branches of the circumflex nerve, should be considered prior to operative treatment for PTRCTs.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.162-166
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• 2017

Traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation combined with scapular fracture in elderly patients is relatively rare. In this case, a patient visited Emergency Room of Dong-A University Hospital for shoulder pain after falling off a ladder. Radiographs demonstrated anterior shoulder dislocation with displaced Ideberg type IIb scapula (glenoid fossa) fracture combined with a large rotator cuff tear on magnetic resonance imaging. We performed arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, but a large fragment in the inferior glenoid was left untreated. At the 1 year follow-up visit, the pain visual analogue scale of the patient was 2, the American Shoulder and Elbow Society score was 88 and the patient had gained nearly full range of motion without any apprehension.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2018

Background: Massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are a challenging clinical problem in young patients. In recent years, arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction (ASCR) is a popular treatment in the massive, irreparable RCTs. However, studies reporting clinical results of ASCR are rare in the literature. Methods: Between 2013 and 2015, six patients underwent ASCR. One patient treated with dermal allograft, while five patients with autogenous fascia lata graft. Demographic data, as well as preoperative and last follow-up clinical data including pain, range of motion (ROM), strength, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons system, the Constant system, the University of California at Los Angeles system, the Simple Shoulder Test, and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index system were obtained. Acromiohumeral distances and Hamada classification were measured on standard anteroposterior x-ray. Results: All patients were men, and the average age was $59.5{\pm}4.18years$ (range, 53-65 years).The minimum follow-up was 18 months with a mean follow-up was $27.33{\pm}7.58months$ (range, 18-36). All patients had postoperative improvement in pain scores and functional scores. The ROM and strength did not improve after surgery. The Hamada score progressed of radiographic stage in 2 patients. In the case of dermal allograft, there was graft failure 6 weeks after ASCR. Conclusions: Our results support the ASCR as a viable treatment for surgical salvage in massive, irreparable RCTs. This treatment option may provide patients with decreased pain and increased function. And studying our case of dermal allograft failure provides opportunities to decrease graft failure in ASCR using dermal allograft.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the type of subscapularis tendon tears diagnosed during arthroscopy and the outcomes of physical tests and of isokinetic muscle strength tests. Methods: We preoperatively evaluated physical outcomes and isokinetic muscle strength of 60 consecutive patients who underwent an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and/or subacromial decompression. We divided the patients into five groups according to the type of subscapularis tear, which we classified using Lafosse classification system during diagnostic arthroscopic surgery. Results: When we performed a trend analysis between the outcomes of the physical tests and the severity of subscapularis tendon tear, we found that both the incidence of positive sign of the collective physical tests and that of individual physical tests increased significantly as the severity of the subscapularis tear increased (p<0.001). Similarly, the deficit in isokinetic muscle strength showed a tendency to increase as the severity of subscapularis tear increased, but this positive correlation was statistically significant in only the deficit between those with Lafosse type II tears and those with Lafosse type III tears. Conclusions: Although no single diagnostic test surpasses above others in predicting the severity of a subscapularis tear, our study implies that, as a collective unit of tests, the total incidence of the positive rate of the physical tests and the extent of isokinetic strength deficit may correlate with severity of subscapularis tears.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the grade of fatty degeneration and atrophy of rotator cuffs on immediate postoperative MRI to those on preoperative MRI in patients with rotator cuff tears. Materials and Methods: Seventy patients were included in this study, who received arthroscopic rotator-cuff repair and underwent both preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and immediate postoperative MRI in our institution. Fatty degeneration of rotator cuffs and the atrophy of supraspinatus muscles were evaluated with T1 oblique sagittal images in the Y-shaped view. Fatty degeneration was evaluated using a Goutallier classification system, and the atrophy of supraspinatus muscles was evaluated using a modified tangent sign and a visual occupation ratio. Results: From 70 patients, a total of 100 tendons were repaired: 18, 69, and 13 tendons were treated for subscapularis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus, respectively. The Goutallier grades (P = 0.012), modified tangent signs (P = 0.000), and visual occupation ratios (P = 0.000) of supraspinatus muscles were significantly decreased in immediate postoperative MRIs when compared to preoperative MRIs. In immediate postoperative MRIs, the Goutallier grades of supraspinatus muscles were decreased by one grade in 18.8% (n = 13) of the patients, and the atrophy of supraspinatus muscles was improved by one grade in 26.1% (n = 18) for modified tangent signs and 21.7% (n = 15) for visual occupation ratios. However, fatty infiltration by the Goutallier grades of subscapularis (P = 1.000) and infraspinatus (P = 0.157) muscles were not significantly changed after arthroscopic surgery. Conclusion: Immediate postoperative MRIs showed a significant improvement of fatty degeneration and muscle atrophy in supraspinatus muscles when compared to preoperative MRIs.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2019

Background: Clinical outcomes and prognosis of large and massive rotator cuff tears are known to be unpredictable not only in degeneration of the rotator cuff, but also due to a high rate of retear. Methods: Totally, 81 patients who had undergone arthroscopic rotator cuff repair from May 2008 to February 2016 were evaluated in our study. Clinical and functional evaluations were performed with the Constant score and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score, as well as full physical examination of the shoulder. All patients were confirmed to have magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tendon healing at least 1 year postoperatively. Results: The average age at the time of surgery was 65 years (range, 47-78 years). The average duration of postoperative time in which a follow-up MRI was performed was 36.1 months (range, 12-110 months). Large tears were present in 48 cases (59.3%) and massive tears in 33 cases (40.7%). Overall, there were 33 retear cases (40.7%). All the average clinical outcome scores were significantly improved at the last follow-up (p<0.001), although repair integrity was not maintained. Compared to type A, types C, and D of the Collin's classification showed significantly higher retear rates (p=0.036). Conclusions: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair yields improved clinical outcomes and a relatively high degree of patient satisfaction, despite the repair integrity not being maintained. Involvement of the subscapularis muscle or infraspinatus muscle had no effect on the retear rate.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2022

Background: In some patients with rotator cuff tear (RCT), the axial view of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows subtle posterior decentering (PD) of the humeral head from the glenoid fossa. This is considered to result from a loss of centralization that is typically produced by rotator cuff function. There are few reports on PD in RCT despite the common occurrence of posterior subluxation in degenerative joint disease. In this study, we investigated the effect of PD in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of consecutive patients who underwent ARCR at our institute and were followed-up for at least 1 year. PD was identified as a 2-mm posterior shift of the humeral head relative to the glenoid fossa in the axial MRI view preoperatively. The tear size and fatty degeneration (FD, Goutallier classification) were also evaluated using preoperative MRI. Retears were evaluated through MRI at 1 year postoperatively. Results: We included 135 shoulders in this study. Ten instances of PD (including seven retears) were observed preoperatively. Fifteen retears (three and 12 retears in the small/medium and large/massive tear groups, respectively) were observed postoperatively. PD was significantly correlated with tear size, FD, and retear occurrence (p<0.01 each). The odds ratio for PD in retears was 34.1, which was greater than that for tear size ≥3 cm and FD grade ≥3. Conclusions: We concluded that large tear size and FD contribute to the occurrence of PD. Furthermore, PD could be a predictor of retear after ARCR.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.180-188
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• 2009

목적: 회전근 개 건 전층 파열 시 관절경적 교량형 봉합술 시행 후 단기 추시 관찰을 통해 이 술식의 임상적 결과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 회전근 개 건 전층 파열로 관절경적 교량형 봉합술을 시행 받고 조기 재활을 시행한 29명 (남자:17명, 여자:12명)의 환자를 대상으로 시행하였다. 평균 나이는 56.4세 (34~73세)였으며 추시 관찰 기간은 평균 13개월 (12~15개월)이었다. 임상적 및 기능적 평가로 The University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score, The Korean Shoulder Scoring system (KSS) 및 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score를 이용하였다. 15예에서 최종 추시시 자기 공명 영상을 촬영하여 Sugaya 분류를 통해 회전근 개의 구조적 상태를 분석하였다. 결과: 수술 후의 UCLA score는 수술 전과 수술 후 각각 16.4에서 31.6으로 측정되어 유의할만한 호전을 보였고 (p< 0.05), KSS는 수술 후 6개월에 88이었고, 최종 추시 시 92로 측정되었다. VAS score는 수술 전 8.6에서 수술 후 3개월에 2.1로, 수술 후 6개월에는 1.4로 나타났다. 28예 (96.5%)에서 수술 후 관절 운동 범위가 증가되었다. 추시 시 자기 공명 영상을 촬영한 15예에서 Sugaya 분류에 의해 I형이 6예, II형이 7예, III형이 1예, V형이 1예이었다. 결론: 회전근 개 건 전층 파열에 대한 관절경적 교량형 봉합술을 이용한 회전근 개 봉합술은 임상적으로 96.5%에서 양호 이상의 만족할 만한 결과를 보였으므로 믿을 만한 수술적 방법 중 하나라고 생각한다.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.148-153
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• 2005

목적: 소아에서 발생한 전위된 경골극 골절에 대해 관절경을 이용하여 정복 및 고정을 시행 후 임상적 결과를 분석하고 그 유용성을 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년 12월부터 2004년 7월까지 경골극 골절로 내원한 소아 환자중 골편이 전위되어 수술적 가료가 요하였던 5예를 대상으로 하였다. 남자가 3예, 여자가 2예였으며, 평균연령은 9.1세(8.3세${\sim}$11세)였다. Movers & McKeever 분류상 5예 모두 III형이었고, 수상 후 수술일까지의 기간은 평균 4.8일($3{\sim}8$일)이었다. 수술 방법은 3예에서 관절경하 정복 및 견인 봉합술을, 나머지 2예는 관절경하 정복 및 나사못을 이용하여 고정술을 시행하였다. 평균 추시기간은 38.2개월(13개월${\sim}$56개월)이었다. 술후에는 2주간 장하지 석고 고정후 단계적 관절운동을 허용하였으며 술후 6주에 완전 체중 부하를 허용하였다. 수술 후 임상적 평가는 관절 운동 범위, Lachman 및 Pivot shift 검사 KT-1000 관절계를 이용하여 전방전위 정도를 측정하였고, 슬관절 기능평가는 Lysholm 슬관절 점수와 modified Feagin 점수를 측정하였다. 결과: 술 후 5예 모두에서 골유합을 얻었고, 최종 추시시 슬부 전방 동통이나 자각증상은 없었으며, 정상 슬관절 운동범위로 회복되었다. Lachman 검사상 1예에서 경도의 양성 소견을 보였으나 나머지 4예에서는 정상 소견을 보였다. KT-1000 관절계를 이용한 전방 전위 검사에서는 술 후 평균 1.9 mm였고, Lysholm 점수는 술 후 평균 99.4점, modified Feagin 점수는 모든 예에서 양호 이상이었다. 결론: 소아에서 발생한 전위된 경골극 골절시 관절경을 이용한 정복 및 고정으로 특별한 합병증 없이 만족할 만한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 견인 봉합이나 나사못을 이용한 고정술은 골편 고정에 모두 유용한 치료방법으로 사료된다.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2000

목적 : 족근관절 손상 후 동통을 호소하는 환자에서 동통의 원인을 찾아내어 적절한 치료를 시행하기는 쉽지 않다. 그러나 최근 들어 관절경 기계 및 술기가 비약적으로 발전하면서 족근관절 손상 후 나타나는 동통의 원인을 진단하고 치료하는데 관절경의 이용이 증가되고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 족근관절 골절 치료 후 만성 동통의 원인 진단과 치료에 대한 족근관절경의 유용성을 알아보려는 것이다. 대상 및 방법 : 1997년 1월부터 1998년 6월까지 족근관절 골절 치료 후 족근관절의 지속적인 동통과 운동 제한으로 최소 3개월동안 물리 치료를 받았던 환자중 증상의 호전이 없어 족근관절경을 시행한 17례를 분석하였다. 결과 : 방사선적 검사에서 관절내 유리체가 2례, 골관절염의 진행 정도에 의한 분류상 Crade 0 3례, Crade I 8례, Crade II 6례, Grade III는 없었으며, 족근관절 전방부의 골극은 14례에서 관찰되었다. 관절경 소견상 비후성 활액막염이 전례에서, 연부조직 충돌 증후군이 총 13례, 관절내 유리체 5례 그리고 연골 병변 4례가 관찰되었다. 관절경적 치료로 골극의 골 연마술 8례, 연부 조직 제거술은 13례, 관절내 유리체 제거술이 5례에서 시행되었다. Evanski와 Waugh score상 족근관절경 술전 기능 34점, 동통 17.4점, 운동 범위 7.3점으로 평균 58.7점에서 술후 기능 38.4점, 동통 28.4점, 운동 범위 7.8점으로 평균 74.6점이었으며 전체 17례 중 14례$(82\%)$에서 증상이 호전되었다. 합병증은 전례에서 보이지 않았다. 결론 : 족근관절 골절 치료후 만성적 족근관절 동통이나 기능 장애가 있는 환자에서 진단과 치료를 동시에 시행할 수 있는 관절경술은 매우 유용한 방법으로 사료된다.